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Questions and Answers
What are examples of endogenous sources of nosocomial infections?
What are examples of endogenous sources of nosocomial infections?
Which type of nosocomial infection is associated with ventilators?
Which type of nosocomial infection is associated with ventilators?
What is a common method for diagnosing nosocomial infections?
What is a common method for diagnosing nosocomial infections?
What is a key step in the management of nosocomial infections?
What is a key step in the management of nosocomial infections?
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What risk factors contribute to the invasion of a colonizing pathogen in nosocomial infections?
What risk factors contribute to the invasion of a colonizing pathogen in nosocomial infections?
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Where are community-acquired infections acquired?
Where are community-acquired infections acquired?
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Which type of infecting organism is commonly involved in community-acquired infections?
Which type of infecting organism is commonly involved in community-acquired infections?
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What percentage of hospitalized patients had nosocomial infections?
What percentage of hospitalized patients had nosocomial infections?
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When do most nosocomial infections become evident?
When do most nosocomial infections become evident?
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Where do exogenous sources of infections come from?
Where do exogenous sources of infections come from?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a common nosocomial pathogen?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a common nosocomial pathogen?
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What distinguishes a community-acquired infection from a hospital-acquired infection?
What distinguishes a community-acquired infection from a hospital-acquired infection?
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What is the definition of nosocomial infections?
What is the definition of nosocomial infections?
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Which of the following is NOT a common nosocomial pathogen?
Which of the following is NOT a common nosocomial pathogen?
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Where do most nosocomial infections originate from according to the text?
Where do most nosocomial infections originate from according to the text?
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What percentage of hospitalized patients had nosocomial infections according to the text?
What percentage of hospitalized patients had nosocomial infections according to the text?
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What is a common type of infecting organism in community-acquired infections mentioned in the text?
What is a common type of infecting organism in community-acquired infections mentioned in the text?
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What is the most appropriate management step for nosocomial infections caused by catheters?
What is the most appropriate management step for nosocomial infections caused by catheters?
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Which factor is NOT a common risk factor for the invasion of colonizing pathogens in nosocomial infections?
Which factor is NOT a common risk factor for the invasion of colonizing pathogens in nosocomial infections?
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In the context of nosocomial infections, what is the main purpose of adjunctive surgery?
In the context of nosocomial infections, what is the main purpose of adjunctive surgery?
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Which type of nosocomial infection poses a high risk due to the severity of illness of the patient?
Which type of nosocomial infection poses a high risk due to the severity of illness of the patient?
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What differentiates endogenous sources from exogenous sources in the context of nosocomial infections?
What differentiates endogenous sources from exogenous sources in the context of nosocomial infections?
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Study Notes
Transmission of Infection
- Community acquired infections are acquired outside of a hospital setting and can be distinguished by the type of infecting organism, often involving Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are usually more antibiotic sensitive.
Hospital Acquired Infections (Nosocomial Infections)
- Defined as infections that are not present or incubating at the time of hospital admission, and become evident after 48 hours of admission.
- Caused by viruses, bacteria (e.g. Ha-MRSA, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi.
- Epidemiology: 5% of all hospitalizations in the US, affecting 8.7% of hospitalized patients in 55 hospitals across 14 countries.
Pathophysiology of Nosocomial Infections
- Infections can come from endogenous (within the patient) or exogenous (outside the patient) sources, including medical personnel, equipment, and the healthcare environment.
- Risk factors for invasion of colonizing pathogens include severity of illness, immunocompromised state, and length of hospital stay.
Types of Nosocomial Infections
- Bloodstream infection (BSI, incl. CLABSI)
- Hospital acquired pneumonia (VAP)
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
- Surgical site infection (SSI)
Diagnosis and Management of Nosocomial Infections
- Diagnosis involves detailed history and examination, lab tests, and culture of certain pathogens.
- Management involves removal of the source of infection (e.g. central line, urinary catheter), antimicrobial therapy if indicated, and adjunctive surgery if necessary.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of the chain of infection, differences between community acquired and hospital acquired infections, and a detailed look at hospital acquired infections. Learn more about how infections are transmitted in different settings.
