Pharmacy Education and Information Resources PDF

Part 1: Pharmacy Education Introduction PharmD: The Doctor of Pharmacy It is a graduate professional degree with a clinical focus. The PharmD curriculum requires: - At least 6 academic years 5 years (10 semesters) 1 year Field Training The pharmacists ……….. d...

Part 1: Pharmacy Education Introduction PharmD: The Doctor of Pharmacy It is a graduate professional degree with a clinical focus. The PharmD curriculum requires: - At least 6 academic years 5 years (10 semesters) 1 year Field Training The pharmacists ……….. do multitask practices So, pharmacists need to study: I- Basic health sciences: such as human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. II-Professional practice of pharmacy: It needs knowledge of biotechnology, communication, regulations, and computer science. III- Core pharmaceutical sciences:  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Pharmaceutical chemistry a) Pharmaceutical Analytical chemistry : Study of identification & quantification of the chemical components. b) Pharmaceutical Organic chemistry: Study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds. c) Medicinal chemistry: It is concerned with discovery, design, and chemical synthesis of drugs. This science help the pharmacist to be familiar with the relationship of chemical structure to pharmacological activity; structure activity relationship (SAR).  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology It deals with the process of turning drug substance into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. “the science and art of dosage form design”.  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Pharmacognosy § Study of drugs derived from natural sources. § It is also defined as " the study of crude drugs". § Crude drugs are the dried, unprepared material of plant, animal or mineral origin, used for medicine.  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Pharmacology The science deals with: § Properties and effects of drugs § Interaction between a drug and receptor site in the living system  Pharmacology The science deals with: § Properties and effects of drugs § Interaction between a drug and receptor site in the living system § Pharmacodynamics: the mechanism of action of a drug § Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of a drug (ADME)  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Biochemistry The science deals with: Chemical processes within the living system Chemistry and the biological importance of chemical agents found in diet or the body  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy Microbiology Microbiology has been derived from 3 Greek words micros: small bios: life logos: studying Study of microscopic organisms as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and its related diseases.  III- Core pharmaceutical sciences: Including: Pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical-organic and medicinal chemistry) Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Biochemistry Microbiology Clinical Pharmacy  Clinical pharmacy The study of the rationale medication use, in which pharmacists are more oriented towards the patient care optimizing the use of medication and promoting health, wellness, and disease prevention. èTherapeutic planning, and drug-related problems. Interpretation of clinical laboratory data and physical examination. It is the modern and extended field of pharmacy.  Pharmacovigilance (PV or PhV) ‫اﻟﯿﻘﻈﺔ اﻟﺪواﺋﯿﺔ‬ It is also known as drug safety It is the pharmaceutical science related to "collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention" of adverse drug effects How to specialize in a particular field? Students can specialize in certain professional field such as: Hospital pharmacy, Nuclear pharmacy, community Pharmacy. Drug Industry & discovery Research Health organizations Marketing ……etc è Elective courses & Field training  Field training 1- Initial Field Training: 100 hrs. - In pharmacies during summer vacations. - After level 3 - before advanced field training. - Under the faculty supervision. 2- Advanced Field Training: 1 year (9 Months) - After finishing the 5 years - In drug manufacturing, regulations, pharmaceutical companies, marketing, drug discovery and development. - Graduation project in certain field Part 2: Information Resources In Pharmacy  Information Resources In Pharmacy Ø Primary literature: Are original materials/information on which another research is based. e.g., Scientific journals or periodicals, theses, conferences, reports, patents Ø Secondary literature: Analyses, evaluates, interprets, summarizes or reorganize information reported by researchers in the primary literature. e.g., Review articles, books, databases ØTertiary Sources: Compile or digest information from other sources that has become widely accepted. e.g., compendia (pharmacopeia), reference books (textbooks), drug formularies  Information Resources In Pharmacy Pharmacopoeias: The pharmacopeia is the most authoritative source of information on drugs. It is a book containing a list of drugs with their uses, preparation, and dosages and it is published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society. It is a pharmaceutical standard to secure uniformity in the kind, quality, composition, and strength of drugs.  Information Resources In Pharmacy Each country has its own national pharmacopoeia such as: US pharmacopoeia British European Egyptian (USP) pharmacopoeia Pharmacopoeia pharmacopoeia (BP) Variations from country to country are not significant.  Information Resources In Pharmacy International Pharmacopoeia: § It has been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). § Aims to provide specifications and test methods for priority medicines of major public health importance.  Information Resources In Pharmacy Reference Books Martindale: The extra Pharmacopoeia Despite its name it is not a true pharmacopoeia, but one of the preeminent drug information compendia It contains information on drugs & medicines around the world. It includes proprietary names & manufacturer contact information for a variety of countries.  Information Resources In Pharmacy Formularies: In the past, formularies were recipe books for preparing drugs, but now they are usually lists of drugs approved for use by a special hospital or government. e.g., BNF (British National formulary). Other resources: FDA Orange Book Identifies drug products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations