Emergency Medications Student Notes PDF

Emergency Medications LO4 Learning Step 1 - Examine the Use of Epinephrine 01 Adrenalin 02 Adrenergic Drug 03 Stimulates SNS 04 High Alert Medication  Epinephrine - Drug Information Therapeutic Class: Antiasthmatic...

Emergency Medications LO4 Learning Step 1 - Examine the Use of Epinephrine 01 Adrenalin 02 Adrenergic Drug 03 Stimulates SNS 04 High Alert Medication  Epinephrine - Drug Information Therapeutic Class: Antiasthmatics, Bronchodilators, Vasopressors Pharm Class: Adrenergics Indications: Severe allergic reactions, Hypotention associated with septic shock, Upper airway obstruction/asthma, Cardiac arrest. Action: Affects both beta1 and beta2 receptor sites, produces bronchodilation Has some affect on alpha receptors - dependent on dosing Therapetuic effects: Bronchodilation, maintenance of herath rate and BP Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Precautions: many - older adults more susceptible to adverse reactions & may require a lower dose Adverse Reactions: Angina, arrhythmias, hypertensin, tachycardia, nervousness, Review - Sympathetic Nervous System Epinephrine - Anaphylaxis Review - Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Swelling of throat & tongue Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Wheezing, coughing, or noisy breathing Tired, confused Faint or dizzy Cool and clammy skin Activates beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs Dilates airways Route of administration: IV, IM, SubQ  Epinephrine - Cardiac Arrest First line drug in Advance Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Increases arterial blood pressure and coronary perfusion during CPR Acts on beta1 adrenergic receptors and alpha1 adrenergic receptors. A coronary perfusion pressure of 15-20 mmHg must be acheived for ROSC. Dosing as per ACLS guidelines: Epinephrine 1 mg Q3-5 mins. Clinical trials re: potential harmful effects & survival rates Route of administration: IV  Epinephrine - Respiratory Emergencies Used as treatment of acute respiratory conditions Used in pediatric conditions of bronchiolitis and croup Route of administration: nebulizer Adverse effects?  Nursing Responsibilites for the Administration Mrs.of Epinephrine Keystone On assessment: Medical Hx: COPD, Drowsy Angina, Hypertension, & HR 50 early satges of BP 88/52 chronic renal insufficiency.. Denies SOB C/O Chest pain Awaiting sx for a Afebrile right knee RR 26/min replacement. Sats 87% Nursing Responsibilites: Mrs. Keystone When considering the possibility of administering the emergency medication epinephrine to the patient, are there any contraindications or precautions the team should be aware of? Knowing the body systems that can be affected by epinephrine, what further assessment would the nurse complete as a baseline for Mrs. Keystone?  Nursing Responsibilites - Mrs. Keystone - Part 2 While being closely monitored, Mrs. Keystone becomes pulseless and unresponsive. A Code Blue is called, and the team arrives to find the nurse performing CPR. 1. A dose of IV epinephrine is prepared for administration during CPR. What type of diluent should the nurse use to prepare the medication for IV administration? 2. When preparing to give the epinephrine, would the nurse have concerns about the compatibility of the current IV solution infusing or the antibiotic through the Y-site? 3. During CPR how often can the nurse anticipate a dose of epinephrine can be administered? 4. What is the potential effect of epinephrine use on a patient’s blood 02 Examine the use of Naloxone Learning Step 2 - Examine the Use of Naloxone 01 Narcan 02 Opioid Antagonist 03 Used for reversal 04 Available in of respiratory & hospital and CNS depression community  Naloxone - Drug Information Therapeutic Class: Antidotes Pharm Class: Opioid Antagonists Indications: Reversal of CNS depression and respiratory depression due to suspected opioid overdose Action: Blocks the effects of opioids including CNS and respiratory depression without producing any agonist effects. Therapeutic effects: Reversal of signs of opioid excess Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Precautions: Patients physically dependent on opioids Adverse Reactions: Hypertension, hypotension, VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIA Route of Administration: IV or IM Dosage: varies depending on adult or pediatric. Can be given 2-3 min until response  Narcan in the What Community is the goal of take home Narcan kits? Distribute Narcan to high-risk individuals Provide training in recognizing and responding to overdose Prevent death & reduce brain injury or brain damage Encourages individuals to seek treatment What are the issues related to the use of Narcan kits? Some individuals may experience hypersensitivity May cause opioid withdrawal in those with opioid dependence Calling 911 and receiving additional medical attention is still important. Narcan Kits  Naloxone Educational Resources BCCBC Harm Reduction How to use Naloxone Services http://towardtheheart.com https://vimeo.com/185012011 /naloxonetraining Government of Educational Video Prairie Harm Reduction Saskatchewan http://www.saskatchewan.ca/opio https://vimeo.com/164669763 https://prairiehr.ca/ ids Reflective Questions 1. As a nurse, what assessments would you complete if a patient arrived at the hospital, and you discovered that a family member had given them naloxone from a take home kit before calling 911? 2. After watching the video/completing the online training, do you have any concerns about the depth or quality of the information provided to the general public about naloxone? 3.What are some barriers to the effective use of take- home naloxone kits in the communities of Saskatchewan? QUESTIONS?