Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary purposes of distributing Narcan kits to high-risk individuals?
What is one of the primary purposes of distributing Narcan kits to high-risk individuals?
What can occur in individuals with opioid dependence when given Narcan?
What can occur in individuals with opioid dependence when given Narcan?
Why is it important to call 911 even after administering Narcan?
Why is it important to call 911 even after administering Narcan?
What could be a barrier to the effective use of take-home naloxone kits in communities?
What could be a barrier to the effective use of take-home naloxone kits in communities?
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What aspect of the information provided in naloxone training could raise concerns?
What aspect of the information provided in naloxone training could raise concerns?
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Which therapeutic effect is NOT associated with epinephrine?
Which therapeutic effect is NOT associated with epinephrine?
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What is a potential adverse reaction of epinephrine?
What is a potential adverse reaction of epinephrine?
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In which situation is epinephrine NOT indicated?
In which situation is epinephrine NOT indicated?
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At what dosing interval is epinephrine administered during cardiac arrest according to ACLS guidelines?
At what dosing interval is epinephrine administered during cardiac arrest according to ACLS guidelines?
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Which of the following routes of administration is NOT used for epinephrine?
Which of the following routes of administration is NOT used for epinephrine?
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What specific receptors does epinephrine primarily activate for bronchodilation?
What specific receptors does epinephrine primarily activate for bronchodilation?
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What precaution should be taken for older adults when administering epinephrine?
What precaution should be taken for older adults when administering epinephrine?
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Which symptom is associated with anaphylaxis that epinephrine is used to treat?
Which symptom is associated with anaphylaxis that epinephrine is used to treat?
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What is a primary indication for administering Naloxone?
What is a primary indication for administering Naloxone?
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What is a potential adverse effect of using Naloxone?
What is a potential adverse effect of using Naloxone?
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In preparing IV epinephrine for a pulseless patient, what diluent is typically recommended?
In preparing IV epinephrine for a pulseless patient, what diluent is typically recommended?
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How often can a dose of epinephrine be administered during CPR?
How often can a dose of epinephrine be administered during CPR?
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What should the team consider regarding the compatibility of IV solutions when giving epinephrine?
What should the team consider regarding the compatibility of IV solutions when giving epinephrine?
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Which statement accurately describes a precaution for administering Naloxone?
Which statement accurately describes a precaution for administering Naloxone?
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When considering epinephrine's effects, what is a significant impact on a patient's body?
When considering epinephrine's effects, what is a significant impact on a patient's body?
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What is the goal of providing take-home Narcan kits to the community?
What is the goal of providing take-home Narcan kits to the community?
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Study Notes
Emergency Medications
- Epinephrine is a first-line drug in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)
- It increases arterial blood pressure and coronary perfusion during CPR
- It acts on beta1 and alpha1 adrenergic receptors
- Coronary perfusion pressure of 15-20 mmHg is needed for ROSC
- Dosing: Epinephrine 1 mg Q3-5 minutes (as per ACLS guidelines)
- Potential harmful effects and survival rates are being studied
- Route of administration: IV
- Used in severe allergic reactions, hypotension with septic shock, upper airway obstruction/asthma, and cardiac arrest
- It affects beta1 and beta2 receptors, producing bronchodilation
- It also affects alpha receptors, but the extent depends on the dosage
- Therapeutic effects: bronchodilation and maintaining heart rate and blood pressure (BP)
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
- Precautions: Older adults are more prone to adverse reactions and might need a lower dose
- Adverse reactions: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia, nervousness, restlessness, tremor, and paradoxical bronchospasm
Epinephrine - Anaphylaxis
- Signs and symptoms: swelling of the throat and tongue, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, wheezing, coughing, noisy breathing, tiredness, confusion, fainting, dizziness, cool and clammy skin
- Activates beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs
- Dilates airways
- Route of administration: IV, IM, SubQ
Epinephrine - Respiratory Emergencies
- Used in treating acute respiratory conditions
- Used in pediatric conditions like bronchiolitis and croup
- Route of administration: nebulizer
- Adverse effects are noted
Nursing Responsibilities for Epinephrine Administration
- Mrs. Keystone: medical history including COPD, angina, hypertension, and early-stage chronic renal insufficiency; awaiting knee replacement surgery
- On assessment: drowsy, HR 50, BP 88/52, denies shortness of breath, chest pain, afebrile, RR 26/min, Sats 87%
- Contraindications/precautions should be considered before administering epinephrine to Mrs. Keystone
- Assessment would include baseline monitoring of vital signs, lung sounds, and other relevant parameters before administering epinephrine
- Compatibility concerns exist between the current IV solution and the antibiotic infusion
Epinephrine - Cardiac Arrest
- First-line drug in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)
- Increases arterial blood pressure and coronary perfusion during CPR
- Acts on beta1 and alpha1 adrenergic receptors
- A coronary perfusion pressure of 15-20 mmHg is crucial for ROSC
- Dosing: Epinephrine 1 mg every 3-5 minutes (as per ACLS guidelines)
- Clinical trials evaluating potential harmful effects and survival rates ongoing.
- Route of administration: IV
Naloxone
- Naloxone (Narcan): an opioid antagonist
- Used to reverse opioid-related respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) depression
- Blocks opioid effects, but does not itself cause opioid excitation
- Reverses signs of opioid overdose
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
- Precautions: Physically opioid-dependent individuals
- Adverse Reactions: hypertension, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias
- Route of Administration: IV or IM
- Dosage: Varies with age (adult or pediatric) and can take 2-3 minutes to work
Narcan in the Community
- Kits contain:
- One zippered case
- Three 0.4mg doses of naloxone in ampoules
- Three auto-retractable safety syringes
- Three ampoule breakers
- Three alcohol preparation pads
- A pair of non-latex gloves
- One-way rescue breathing barrier mask
- Steps for responding to an opioid overdose
- Training for recognizing overdose
- Prevent death and brain damage
- Encourage individuals to seek medical attention
- Potential issues: hypersensitivity, opioid withdrawal
- Calling 911 and receiving additional medical attention is crucial
Naloxone Educational Resources
- Government of Saskatchewan naloxone training webpage
- Educational videos
- Prairie Harm Reduction
Reflective Questions
- Assessments for patients who receive naloxone from a take-home kit before hospitalization
- Concerns regarding depth and quality of public naloxone information
- Barriers to effective use of home naloxone kits in Saskatchewan communities
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of epinephrine as an emergency medication in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS). Learn about its dosing, mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, contraindications, and potential adverse reactions. Prepare yourself for understanding its critical role in life-threatening situations.
