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Brand Name Generic Name Class of Drug Usage/ Mechanism Side Effects Nursing of Action (at least 3) Consideration Bronchodilator Adrenaline® Epinephrine ALPHA-ADREN...

Brand Name Generic Name Class of Drug Usage/ Mechanism Side Effects Nursing of Action (at least 3) Consideration Bronchodilator Adrenaline® Epinephrine ALPHA-ADRENERGIC Relaxes bronchial Sweating, headaches, Observe patient 1mg/1ml AGONIST smooth muscles by anxiety tachycardia closely for adverse To start heart beat stimulating beta 2 reactions. Notify cardiac arrest receptors and alpha prescriber if these USES: and beta receptors changes occur Acute Asthmatic in the sympathetic attacks nervous system. Hemostasis Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Allergic Reaction Cardiac arrest Adjust in Anesthesia Shock In treatment of bronchospasms anaphylactic reactions, cardiac arrests added to local anesthetic to decrease syncope Aminophylline® Aminophylline BRONCHODILATOR It relaxes and opens Nausea, vomiting, Monitor vital signs; 250mg/10mls Relaxes bronchial air passages in the shock, drowsiness, measure and record smooth muscles. lungs, making it headache, fluid intake and easier to breathe. nervousness, output. Used to prevent and palpitation, Dosage may need treat wheezing, ventricular fibrillation to be increased in shortness of breath, cigarette smokers and difficulty and in habitual breathing caused by marijuana asthma, chronic smokers because bronchitis, smoking causes emphysema, and drug to be other lung diseases. metabolized faster. 1|Page Anticholinergics Atropin® Atropine Anticholinergic & Block the action of dry mouth and 1. Watch for Sulphate Muscarinic the constipation tachycardia in cardiac 600mcg/1ml Antagonist neurotransmitter dysphagia, patients because it Used to treat acetylcholine in the tachycardia, may lead to bradycardia, it brain. palpitation, ventricular reduces/suppress Inhibits arrhythmias fibrillation. secretions during acetylcholine at surgery. parasympathetic 2. Many adverse neuroeffector reactions (such as dry junction, blocking mouth and vagal effects on SA constipation) vary and AV nodes, with dose. enhancing conduction through AV nodes and increasing heart rate. Alkalinizers- Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement Calcium FLUID AND 1.Replaces calcium Pain and burning at iv Use calcium Chloride 10% IV ELECTROLYTIC and maintains sites, Hypotension , chloride cautiously in push REPLACE MENT calcium levels Bradycardia, cardiac patients with cor SOLUTION. arrhythmias ,cardiac pulmonale, Uses: 2. For cardiac arrest respiratory In the treatment of resuscitation acidosis, or acute hypokalemia adrenaline to fits respiratory failure. tetany improve myocardial Vitamin D contractions in Monitor calcium deficiency cardiac disturbances levels frequently. Alkalosis of hyperkalemia Maintain Insect bites or hypocalcaemia or calcium level of 9 to stings calcium channel 10.4 mg/dl. Don’t blocking agent allow level to exceed toxicity emergent 12 mg/dl. treatment of Hypercalcemia hypermagnesemia. may result after large doses in chronic renal failure. Report abnormalities. Calcium ELECTROLYTE AND To prevent and treat Bradycardia, Double-check that Gluconate 10% WATER BALANCE calcium deficiencies constipation, thirst, you are giving IV push USES: To overcome hypercalcemia the correct form of cardiac toxicity of calcium; hyperkalemia, for resuscitation drug cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cart may contain (repolarisation) both calcium 2|Page  neonatal tetany gluconate Hyperparathyroidi and calcium chloride. sm. Vitamin D deficiency Alkalosis. Sodium FLUID AND For cardiac arrest Belching, Gastric Monitor changes in bicarbonate ELECTROLYTE and metabolic distention, urine with respect to 8.4% BALANCE acidosis flatulence, pH Antacid Alkalinizer restores buffering SE: tetany, edema, capacity & flatulence, neutralizes excess hypokalemia, acid. hypernatremia Antidysrhymics Xylocaine® Lidocaine 2% LOCAL ANESTHETIC; Has and Seizures, heart-block, Monitor drug level. ANTI-ARRHYTHYMIC antiarrhythmic tinnitus, rash, Monitor patient for Uses: Treatment of action thus respiratory toxicity. arrhythmias (V-fib decreases depression. and V-tach) ventricular Local anesthetic depolarization, automaticity and excitability in the bundle of HIS 3|Page  Purkinje system Cardiac Glycoside/ inotropic/Antidysrhymics Lanoxin® Digoxin CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE; INOTROPIC Inhibit the sodium Nausea, vomiting, Excessively slow 0.5mg/2ml pump causing the Dizziness, and pulse rate Corrects increase in diarrhea, (60 beats/minute or tachycardia and availability of dysrhythmias, less) may be a sign of slow, steady and intracellular calcium blurred vision, digitalis toxicity. strengthen heart in the myocardium abdominal pain Withhold drug and muscle and conduction (Withold if pulse is notify Uses: Heart failure system resulting less than 60 bpm) prescriber. atrial fibrillation, increased In children, cardiac atrial tachycardia, contractility of the arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock heart muscle. including sinus bradycardia, are usually early signs of toxicity. Anticonvulsant/Anti-anxiety Valium® Diazepam Anti-convulsant, 1. A benzodiazepine Nausea , Dry mouth Monitor elderly 10mgs/2ml Anxiolytic, that probably headaches , rash patients for dizziness, Sedative potentiates tachycardia, ataxia, mental status Uses: the effects of GABA, respiratory changes. Patients are Management of depresses the distression, ecg at an increased risk anxiety CNS, and suppresses changes. for falls. Before the spread of Use of drug may 4|Page  endoscopic seizure lead to abuse and procedures activity. addiction. Don’t Cardioversion 2. Acts at the limbic withdraw drug Acute alcohol , thalamic, and abruptly withdrawal hypothalamic after long-term use; Preoperative regions of the CNS withdrawal sedation and produces CNS symptoms Status epilepticus depression resulting may occur. in sedation, hypnosis and causes skeletal muscle relaxation, it works as a anticonvulsant depending on the dosage. Luminal® Phenobarbitone ANTICONVULSANT The effects of the drowsiness, nausea, Therapeutic level is 200mg/1ml Uses: Long term drug interferes with vomiting, respiratory 15 to 40 mcg/ml. management of the impulse depression, Elderly patients are tonic- clonic transmission of bradycardia, apnea, more sensitive to partial seizures cerebral cortex by drug’s effects; drug status epilepticus inhibition of the may produce eclampsia reticular activating paradoxical febrile convulsion system. Thus excitement. in young children limiting the spread Don’t stop drug neonatal seizures of seizure activityby abruptly because this febrile seizures increasing the may worsen seizures. threshold for motor Call prescriber cortex stimulation immediately if adverse reactions develop. Dilantin® Phenytoin Management of Anticonvulsant Headache, nausea, Monitor for reduce 250ml/5ml generalized tonic action elevates the vomiting, seizure electrical clonic simple seizure threshold constipation activity if treating partial and limiting the spread arrhythmias. Look for complex partial of seizure discharge. the effectiveness of seizures Prevention the QT prolongation of seizure following Phenytoin is head trauma/ accompanied by neurosurgery, reduced voltage ventricular digitalis frequency and intoxication spread of electrical prolonged Q-T discharges within interval and the motor cortex surgical repair of congenital heart disease in children. 5|Page Adrenergic ( Sympathomimetics) Dobutrex® Dobutamine ADRENERGIC Stimulates beta 1 Headaches, fatigue, Monitor ECG, blood Hydrochloride AGONIST: receptors in the SOB, Mild tremors , pressure 250mcg/5ml VASSOPRESSOR heart increasing nervousness Cardiac output, and IV route USES: short term contractility and urine output. treatment of adults cardiac output. Because drug with cardiac increases AV node decompensation conduction, patients due to depressed with atrial fibrillation myocardial may develop a rapid contractility ventricular heart resulting from rate. either organic heart disease or from cardiac surgery. Intropin® Dopamine ALPHA AND BETA Direct action the N&V, Hypertension, Higher doses Hydrochloride ADRENERGIC alpha and beta angina pain, can stimulate alpha 200mg/5ml AGONIST INOTROPIC adrenergic receptors palpitation, receptors, USES: To correct and on specific headache. constricting hemodynamic dopaminergic blood vessels and imbalance in shock receptors in increasing blood syndrome due to mesenteric and pressure. MI (cardiogenic renal vascular beds. During infusion, shock), trauma, 2. Positive inotropic endotoxic frequently monitor effect on septicemia (septic ECG, myocardium shock) , open heart blood pressure, increase cardiac surgery, and CHF. cardiac output, output with increase central in systolic and pulse venous pressure, pressure. , pulse rate, urine Very low pulse output, and color when the systolic is and temperature.