Life Pre-Intermediate Student's Book PDF

H U SECOND G H...

H U SECOND G H EDITION e S | s t e p h e n s Connect with the world and o n bring your classroom to Life. | D U Now in a new edition, National Geographic Learning M M brings the world to your classroom with Life, a six- E level, integrated-skills series with grammar and T T vocabulary for young adult and adult English language learners. Through stunning National Geographic content, video and engaging topics, Life inspires a generation of informed decision-makers. With Life, learners develop their ability to think critically and communicate effectively in the global community. An extensive Critical Thinking syllabus encourages learners to L develop well-informed opinions i e f STUDENT'S BOOK | PRE-INTERMEDIATE Updated and relevant content through S National Geographic photographs t u and video engages learners by connecting d them to people and pla ces from around e n the world t ’ s B New ‘My Life’ sections help learners o o explore the connections between the k content and their own lives Includes Student’s Web App! See inside front cover for details. BRITISH ENGLISH A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 p CEFR correlation r Life Pre-intermediate is for learners who are e - around level A2 and want to progress towards B1. in t e r m e d ia t e Bringing the world to the classroom and the classroom to life NGL.Cengage.com/ELT JOHN HUGHES | HELEN STEPHENSON | PAUL DUMMETT A PA R T O F C E NG A G E The following new and updated features of the second edition of Life are based on extensive research and consultation with teachers and learners from around the world: Updated global content in the unit themes and reading selections Updated video material features additional video support for vocabulary learning New, specially selected National Geographic photography stimulates learners’ visual literacy skills Refined grammar syllabus with increased scaffolding and an enhanced reference section Extended and better-integrated critical thinking syllabus actively engages students in their language learning, encouraging them to develop their own well-informed and reasoned opinions New ‘My Life’ speaking activities encourage learners to relate the global content to their own lives New ‘Memory Booster’ activities improve learners’ ability to retain new language An improv ed Cl assroom P resentat ion Tool now includ es the Workbook pages, academic skills worksheets, extra support and extension activities The Stu dent’s Web App inc ludes video a nd aud io for t he Stud ent’s Book and Workbook, and additional interactive activities Access your your free Life Web Resources, including the Web App at: NGL.Cengage.com/life Username: life Password: student ON THE COVER Rowers take part in the 42nd annual Vogalonga in Venice, Italy. The Vogalonga is a famous non-competitive regatta that started in 1974 as a protest against motor boats. Its 30km route goes through many picturesque parts of the city. © Awakening/Getty Images  SECOND EDITION Life STUDENT'S BOOK | PRE-Intermediate  JOHN HUGHES HELEN STEPHENSON PAUL DU MMETT Australia Brazil Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States Contents Unit Grammar Vocabulary Real life (functions) Pronunciation present simple everyday routines talking about illness /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/ adverbs and expressions o wordbuilding:: collocations wordbuilding one or two syllables? requency with do do,, play and go present simple and present word ocus: feel 1 continuous medical problems Lifestyle pages 9–20 VIDEO: My local park page 18 REVIEW page 20 verbs or rules sport talking about interests /ŋ/ -ing orm wordbuilding:: sufxes wordbuilding silent letters word ocus: like 2 Competitions pages 21–32 VIDEO: Mongolian horse racing page 30 REVIEW page 32 comparatives and ways o travelling going on a journey than superlatives transport nouns sentence stress as … as wordbuilding:: compound wordbuilding intonation comparative modifers nouns transport adjectives Transport transport verbs 3 pages 33–44 pages taking transport VIDEO: Indian Railways page 42 REVIEW page 44 past simple risks and challenges telling a story /d/, /t/ or /ɪd/ past continuous and personal qualities was/were 4 past simple wordbuilding:: verbs and wordbuilding intonation or nouns responding Challenges Challenges pages 45–56 VIDEO: A microadventure page 54 REVIEW page 56 quantifers materials phoning about an order /ðə/ or /ðiː/ articles: a/an a/an,, the or no 5 recycling sounding riendly article results and fgures word ocus: take The T he environment pages 57–68 VIDEO: Recycling Cairo page 66 REVIEW page 68 6 to + infnitive lie events inviting, accepting and /tə/ uture orms: going to, to, will describing age declining contracted orms and present continuous celebrations emphasizing words word ocus: get wordbuilding:: synonyms wordbuilding Stages in life pages 69–80 VIDEO: Steel drums page 78 REVIEW page 80 2 Listening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing someone talking about a a quiz about how well giving examples fnding out about text type: flling in a national park near a city you sleep liestyle orm a radio interview about long lie an article about your current lie writing skill: centenarians making a town inormation on an article about how healthier orms nature is good or you someone describing an Ironman an article about crazy reading between the explaining the rules o a text type: an advert or competition competitions lines competition notice three people talking competitive sports about anwrestlers article about emale in Bolivia talking about your sport preerences writing skill: checking your writing your opinions about Olympic sports someone describing a photo o an article about solutions opinions or talking about and text type: notes and a woman travelling by train to transport problems and against comparing journeys messages in India an article about the advice on transport writing skill: writing in two people discussing the pros ate o the rickshaw in a presentation about a note orm and cons o types o transport Kolkata pedicab company a documentary about animal transport a caver talking about his hobby an article about loo ook king o orr evi evide denc nce e aski asking ng ab abou outt yo your pa past st text type: a short story an impossible decision adventurers events you remember writing skill: structure an article about dierent telling a story your writing types o challenges extract aboutrom a documentary a house o recycled an an article article about about e-rubbish a boat close reading rgeneral ecyclingknowledge where youquiz are a quiz text type: emails materials made o plastic bottles, changing attitudes and writing skill: ormal news about environmenta environmentall the Plastiki behaviour words projects an online order dierences between the an article about how a analysing the writer’s plan the trip o a text type: a generations couple changed their view lietime description a news item about Mardi Gras lie planning a celebration writing skill: an article about how describing annual descriptive adjectives Mardi Gras is celebrated events around the world an article about coming- o-age ceremonies  3 Unit Grammar Vocabulary Real life (functions) Pronunciation 7 present perect and past language to describe jobs a job interview intrusive /w/ simple jobs present perect with for wordbuilding:: sufxes wordbuilding and since parts o a building prepositions o place and word ocus: make or do Work movement job adverts pages 81–92 VIDEO: My working life page 90 REVIEW page 92 8 zero and frst conditional internet verbs fnding out how linking defning relative clauses wordbuilding:: dependent wordbuilding something works prepositions instructions Technology pages 93–104 VIDEO: Ancient languages, modern technology page 102 REVIEW page 104 9 past perect simple holiday collocations requesting and suggesting ’d subject questions wordbuilding: -ed / -ing number o syllables adjectives /ʤə/ word ocus: place Holidays pages 105–116 VIDEO: Living in Venice page 114 REVIEW page 116 10 the passive (present and wordbuilding: word orms wordbuilding: giving your opinion stress in dierent past simple) describing design word orms used to websites /s/ or /z/ Products pages 117–128 Video: Wind turbines page 126 REVIEW page 128 11 reported speech wordbuilding: verb + wordbuilding: givi giving ng a sho short rt pre prese sent ntat atio ion n paus pausin ing g reporting verbs (say and preposition tell) communication ancient history word ocus: one History pages 129–140 VIDEO: The Golden Record page 138 REVIEW page 140 12 second conditional extreme weather fnding a solution would / wouldn’t / ‘d anywhere,, everyone anywhere everyone,, nature nobody, something something,, etc. word ocus: start Nature pages 141–152 VIDEO: Cambodia animal rescue page 150 REVIEW page 152 TION ACTIVITIES page 153 COMMUNICATION COMMUNICA GRAMMAR SUMMARY page 156 AUDIOSCRIPTS page 181 4 Listening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing a description o a job in a steel an article about new jobs analysing comparisons describing past text type: a CV actory in an area in a text experiences writing skill: missing an interview with a scientist an article about modern- giving directions out words in CVs two people giving instructions day cowboys job satisaction a job interview a documentary about the an explorer’s blog the wr writer’s so sources planning a trip text type: a paragraph importance o technology an article about important inventions writing skills: a science programme about a biomimetics design an invention or connecting words new invention everyday lie avourite technology three people talk about their a holiday story the the au auth thor or’’s pu purp rpos ose e a sto story ry ab abou outt a ho holi lida dayy text type: an holidays an article about the two planning the holiday o email requesting an interview with a tour guide sides o Paris a lietime inormation a place you know writing skill: ormal expressions a description o a producer and an article about some act or opinion? some amous products text type: a review his products amous logos talk about things you writing skill: giving a programme about a product an article about having used to do in the past your opinion rom the past less ‘stu’ using less stu planning a new website a historian talking about Scott’s the history o video emotion words planning a time capsule a message in a bottle hut at the Antarctic gaming opinions about games text type: a biography a message in a bottle an article about stealing reporting a message writing skill: history a museum in your town punctuation in direct speech a description o a photo and the an article about a science close reading hopes and dreams text type: an article lie o a storm chaser blog questions with any writing skill: planning a documentary about a an article about Jane interview questions an article photographer Goodall  5 Life around the world – in 12 videos Unit 10 Wind turbines Unit 11 The Golden Record Learn about an innovative product and how it can change lives. Voyager life forms1in carries a message for other the universe. UK USA  Unit 6 Steel drums Trinidad & Tobago Steelband music, or pan, is an Unit 1 My local park important part of the culture in these Caribbean islands. How different people spend their free time. Unit 7 My working life Some people talk about their working lives.  6 Life videos Unit 9 Living in Venice Venice Unit 2 Mongolian horse racing Horse racing at a Mongolian festival. Unit 8 Ancient languages, modern technology Learn what it’s like to live in Venice. Mongolia Croatia Unit 4 A microadventure  Two friends spend 24 hours in Croatia Find out how technology is being used on a microadventure. to record and preserve disappearing Italy languages. Egypt Unit 12 Cambodia animal rescue India Cambodia Unit 5 Recycling Cairo Find out how recycled objects are used in Cairo. Rescuing victims of illegal animal poaching in Cambodia. Unit 3 Indian Railways Learn more about the Indian railway system.  7 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 LIFESTYLE COMPETITIONS TRANSPORT UNIT 4 UNIT 5 UNIT 6 CHALLENGES THE ENVIRONMENT STAGES IN LIFE UNIT 7 UNIT 8 UNIT 9 WORK TECHNOLOGY HOLIDAYS UNIT 10 UNIT 11 UNIT 12 PRODUCTS HISTORY NATURE 8 Unit 1 Lifestyle  Bukhansan National Park, Seoul, South Korea FEATURES 1 Describe the place in the photo. How do you think the person eels? 10 How well do you 2 1 Listen to a description o the place in the photo. sleep? Answer the questions. Complete a questionnaire 1 Where is Bukhansan National Park? about sleep 2 How many people visit it every year? 3 Why do they go there? 12 The secrets o a long lie 3 Work in pairs. Look at the activities in the box. Which activities do you oten do? When do you do them? Tell your partner. How can you live to be one hundred? cycle through chat on the countryside social media do sport cook a meal and exercise go clubbing 14 Nature is good go or long walks go jogging play computer games or you play a musical instrument read books watch videos Nature and health I oten go or long walks in the evening. 18 My local park  A video about everyday lie in an English park YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 9 my lie FILLING IN A FORM vocabulary everyday routines reading the secrets secrets o sleep grammar present simple and adverbs adverbs o requency pronunciation /s /, /z / or /ɪz / speaking your habits 1a How well do you sleep? Vocabulary everyday routines 3 Turn to page 153 and nd out what your answers say about your liestyle. 1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts o the expressions or everyday routines. Then describe your typical day using some o the expressions. Grammar present simple and I oten get home late rom work … adverbs o requency 1 get a asleep 4 Look at these sentences rom the questionnaire. 2 do b early Match the sentences (1–2) with their uses (a–b). 3 eel c hours 1 I work long hours and get home late. 45 all take a d e break TV 2 The average human needs around eight hours  o sleep per night. 6 watch  exercise 7 work long g home late a to talk about things things that are always true true 8 wake up h tired b to talk about habits and routines 9 get up about i until midnight 10 stay up j eight PRESENT SIMPLE I/you/we/they sleep he/she/it sleeps Reading I/you/we/they don’t sleep he/she/it doesn’t sleep Do I/you/we/they sleep … ? Does he/she/it sleep … ? 2 Read the questionnaire about sleep habits and liestyle. Answer the questions. Then work in For urther inormation and practice, see page 156. pairs and compare your answers. 2 How well do you 1 Do you often feel tired? A No, I never eel tired during the day day.. 4 At the weekend, A usually sleep the I: same amount as any other day day.. B I sometimes eel tired ater a long day at work. B sometimes sleep or an extra hour or two. C All the time! I’m always ready or bed. C always sleep until midday! I never get up early. 2 How many hours do you usually sleep 5 How often do you wake wake up in in the middle middle of the night?  at night? A I never wake up beore morning. A Between seven and eight hours. B I rarely wake up more than once, and I usually all asleep B More than nine. I rarely stay up late. again quite quickly. C Fewer than six. C Two or three times a night. 3 Before I go to bed, I often: 6 Are you often tired during the day? A watch TV or read a book. A No, I’m never tired at work. B do some exercise. B Sometimes, so I take a nap ater lunch. Ater that I’m ready C do some work. or work again. C Always! That’s That’s because I work long hours and get home late. take a nap /teɪk ə nap/ have a short sleep during the day 10 Unit 1 Liestyle 5 Look at the grammar box. Complete the article about ADVERBS and EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY sleep with the present simple orm o the verbs. She’s usually late or work. I often wake up at seven. The secrets of sleep Do you often wake up in the night? Why 1 do we sleep (we / sleep)? She wakes up two or three times a night. From birth, we 2 (spend) a third o Every month I visit my grandparents. our lives asleep, but scientists still 3 For urther inormation and practice, see page 156. (not / know) exactly why. Why 4 (we / have) problems sleeping? 9 Look at the grammar box. Notice the position In modern society, many adults 5 o the adverbs and expressions o requency in (not / get) the seven or eight hours sleep they need the sentences. Then choose the correct options to every night. We 6 (work) long hours 7 complete the rules (1–2). and we rarely (go) to bed at sunset. 8  Why (we / sleep) dierently? 1 An verbadverb o requency to be, but goes it normally goesater / beore ater the / beore the It 9 (depend) on the time o year and also our age. Teenagers usually 10 Teenagers main verb. (need) more sleep than adults. Lots o elderly 2 An expression o requency (e.g. twice a week) people 11 (not / sleep) longer usually goes at the beginning / in the middle or at than our or fve hours at night, but they oten the end o a sentence. 12 (take) naps during the day. 10 Put the adverb or expression in brackets in the correct place more than oneincorrect the sentence. answe rSometimes answer. there is 6 Pronunciation /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/ always a 3 Listen to the endings o these verbs. 1 My brother plays tennis on Saturday Is the sound /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/? mornings. (always) 2 We eat out at a restaurant. restaurant. (about once a 1 eels /z/ 5 goes month) 2 needs 6 dances 3 I take a bus to school. (every day) 3 watches 7 does 4 She is at home in the middle o the day day.. (rarely) 4 sleeps 8 works 5 They go on holiday. holiday. (twice a year) b 3 Listen again and repeat the verbs. 6 Are you late or work? (oten) Think about how you say the endings. Speaking my lie 7 Discuss the questions. 1 What time do you and your riends normally 11 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s get up? How late do you stay up? habits. Ask questions ideas. Answer using anwith Howor adverb oten …? and o expression these 2 Does anyone in your amily ever take a nap in the aternoon? requency. 3 How does this change during the year? A: How often do you eat out? Do people sleep longer in the summer or in B: About once a month. the winter? be late or work/college take public transport 8 Look at the list. Then underline the adverbs o eat out in restaurants requency in the questionnaire and write the check your phone or messages adverbs in the list. play board games go on holiday check your emails be stressed at work 100% always  usually 12 Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about 1 liestyle or another group. Start each question 2 with How oten …? Are you oten …? or Do you oten …? and oer three choices o not oten answer (A, B or C). rarely 13 Work with another group and ask your questions 0% 3 rom Exercise 12. Tell the class about the other group’s answers. YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 11 my lie FILLING IN A FORM reading the island o Okinawa wordbuilding collocations with do do,, play and go listening in search o a long lie grammar present simple and present continuous continuous speaking your current lie 1b The secrets o a long lie Reading 3 Look at the wordbuilding box. Read the article again and nd the collocations with do, play and 1 Who is the oldest person you know? How old is he go. Complete the table. or she? How healthy is their liestyle? Do Go Play My grandather is the oldest person person I know. know. He’s 83 and and fshing still plays gol. 2 Work in pairs. Read the article The Secrets o a Long  Lie.. Answer the questions. Lie 1 Where is Okinawa Island? 2 Why is Okinawa amous? 3 What kind o ood do the people eat? 4 Which o their activities do you do? 4 Add these activities to the table in Exercise 3. Use I don’t go fshing but I do gardening. a dictionary i necessary. Then think o one more activity or each verb. Wordbuilding collocations with cards hiking homework nothing do, play and go running shopping tennis the piano ootball karate surfng yoga WORDBUILDING collocations with do, play and go We use certain nouns with certain verbs. These are called 5 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you collocations. know using the collocations in the table. go fshing NOT do fshing or play fshing My brother does karate. He’s a black belt. For urther practice, see Workboo Workbook k page 11. 4 The Secrets of a Long Life The island o Okinawa in Japan has some o the oldest people in the world. It’ It’ss amous or its high number o centenarians – men and women who live beyond one hundred years o age. Some o the reasons or their good health are that they: go fshing and eat what they catch. do a lot o gardening and grow their own ruit and vegetables. go cycling and never drive when they can walk. oten spend time with riends. They meet at people’ people’ss houses and play games.  rarely buy ood rom a supermarket. do regular exercise, go swimming and lead active lives. An 89-year-old woman rom Okinawa picks seaweed. It’s part o her everyday ood. Photo by David McLain 12 Unit 1 Lifestyle Listening PRESENT CONTINUOUS I’m speaking 6 5 Listen to a radio interview with you/we/they’re speaking speaking photographer David McLain. Tick the topics the he/she/it’ss speaking he/she/it’ speakers talk about. I’m not travelling 1 the age o men and women you/we/they aren’t aren’t travelling 2 amily lie he/she/it isn’t travelling 3 sleep Am I working? 4 ood Are you/we/they working? 5 exercise Is he/she/it working? 7 5 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) For further information and practice, see page 156. or alse (F)? 1 David McLain is travelling to dierent 12 Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous orm o these verbs. countries. 2 He’s talking talking to the radio presenter in the check not / do not / eat go learn play studio. read spend 3 In Sardinia, Sardinia, men don’t live the same number o years as women. 1 We ’re learning a new language at the 4 Sardinian amilies oten eat together. moment. 5 David says lie in Sardinia is less stressul than 2 My riends and I oten time at in other places. each other’s houses. 6 Younger people are eating more unhealthy 3 Can you wait a moment? I my ood and they aren’t doing much exercise. emails. 8 Think about the liestyle o people in your country. 4 How oten you to Is it similar to the liestyle in Sardinia? How the gym? traditional is your country? TellTell the class. 5 I a really interesting book at the moment. 6 Currently Currently,, a riend o mine any Grammar present simple and sweets and he says he eels healthier. present continuous 7 I’m nearly eighty eighty,, but I any exercise! 9 Look at the sentences rom the interview. Which 8 More old people computer games two sentences use the present simple? Why? these days. It isn’t just the young people. 1 Well, one man is trying to answer these questions and that man is photographer David McLain. Speaking my life 2 He’s speaking to us right now on the phone. 13 Write pairs o questions. Use the present simple 3 Men live to to the the same same age as women. in one question, and the present continuous in 4 Every Sunday Sunday thethe whole amily eats a big the other. meal together to gether.. 1 a How / usually spend your ree time? 5 Also, young people areare moving to the city these these How do you usually spend your free free time? days, so they are doing less exercise because o b / you / do / much sport these days? their liestyle. Are you doing much sport these these days?  2 a / oten / read novels? 10 The three other sentences in Exercise 9 use b / read / any good books at the moment? the present continuous. How do you orm the 3 a Where / normally go on holiday? present continuous? b Where / plan to go this year? 11 We use the present continuous to talk about 4 a / speak / any other languages? b / learn / any new languages? something happening Match the three presentnow or around continuous now. sentences 14 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions in Exercise 9 with the specifc uses (a–c). rom Exercise 13. a to talk about a changing situation b to talk about something happening around now, but not necessarily at this exact moment c to talk about something actually in progress now YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 13 my life FILLING IN A FORM reading nature and health word focus feel critical thinking giving examples speaking making lives healthier 1c Nature is good or you Reading Critical thinking giving 1 Look at the photo. Where is the woman? What examples can she see? 7 When writers give an opinion in an article, they 2 Read the article. Match the topics (a–c) with oten support the idea with examples. Look at  the paragraphs in the article (1–3). these sentences rom paragraph 1. Which sentence has the main idea? Which sentences a how much time we spend outdoors give examples? b making nature part o city lie c studies by doctors a For example, the number o visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower 3 Read the article again. Answer the questions. every year year.. 1 What do most people think about nature? b Humans are spending more time inside and 2 What is the main change in how people spend less time outside. their time? c And in countries such such as the USA, only 10% 3 What is happening at national parks in o teenagers spend time outside every day. Canada? 8 Read paragraphs 2 and 3 o the article. Find the 4 Ater the maths test, where did some people people sentence with the main idea and sentences with look at nature? examples. Underline the words and phrases or 5 In Toronto, where did healthier people live? giving examples. 6 What are they going toto build build in Dubai? 7 Where can children study in Switzerland? For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s 8 In South Korea, how many people visit the national parks is getting lower every year. new orests every year? 9 Complete theserom Use examples sentences in your your own lie. own Thenwords. tell your Word focus feel partner. 4 Underline three phrases with feel in the frst 1 I relax relax in my ree ree time in dierent dierent ways. For paragraph o the article. Match the phrases to example, … the uses (1–3). 2 My home town has some places with treestrees and nature, such as … 1 to talk about your emotions or health 2 to talk about wanting to do something 3 There areAsome country. goodbeautiul example national is … parks in my parks 3 to talk about an opinion 5 Complete the questions with these words. Speaking my life better like that 10 Work in groups o our. Imagine your town has some money to make people’s lives healthier. Look 1 What do you usually eel doing at the ideas below and think o one more.  ater a day at work? one hundr hundreded new trees in the town 2 Do you eel nature is good or us? a 400-metre 400-metre running running track track in the park Why? / Why not? a new park with a children’s play area area 3 Ater a difcult day day,, what makes you eel two cycle cycle paths across the town in the evening? a bridge across the river with a garden 6 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the 11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the questions rom Exercise 5. A: What do you usually feel like doing after after a day at best idea. Give reasons and examples. I think cycle paths are a good idea because cycling is work? good for your health and good for the environment. B: Going for a run run in my local park and then eating dinner.. Sometimes I go out and meet friends. dinner 12 Present your idea to the class. Then compare your ideas. Try to agree on the best idea. 14 Unit 1 Liestyle  NATURE is good for you 6 How do you eel about nature? Ater spending hours The virtual contact with nature helped them eel more indoors, do you oten eel like going outside or a relaxed. Another good example o how nature is good walk? Or i you work or hours at your ofce desk, do or health comes rom Canada. In Toronto, Toronto, researchers you eel better when you take a break and visit your studied 31,000 people living in cities. Overall, they 25 5 local park? Most people think that nature is good or ound that healthier people lived near parks. us; it’s it’s good or our bodies and good or our brains.  Because o studies like these, some countries and cities However, humans are spending more time inside and want nature to be part o people’s everyday lie. In less time outside. For example, the number o visitors Dubai, or example, there are plans or a new shopping to Canada’s Canada’s national parks is getting lower every mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside 30 10 year.. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% o year with trees, plants and water water.. In some countries such as teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors Switzerland, ‘orest schools’ are popular; schoolchildren eel that this is a problem in the twenty-frst century, century, study their subjects in the orests and do lots o and that it is making our physical health worse. exercise outside. And South Korea is another good As a result, some doctors are studying the connection example: it has new orests near its cities and around 35 15 between nature and health: one example o this is 13 million people visit these orests every year. So ater the work o Dr Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. building cities or so long, perhaps it’s it’s now time to start The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, rebuilding nature. their heart rate was aster aster.. Ater the test, one group o people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality room or fteen 20 minutes with pictures and sounds o nature. Their heart heart rate: the speed o the human heart (number o heart rates were slower than people’ people’ss in the other group. beats per minute) YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 15 my lie FILLING IN A FORM vocabulary medical problems pronunciation one or two syllables? real lie talking about illness 1d At the the doctor doctor’s ’s Vocabulary medical problems 1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1–8) with Real 4 lie talking about illness 8 Listen to two conversations, one at a the medical problems (a–h). pharmacy and one at a doctor’s. What medical problems does each person have? 1 3 5 8 Listen again and write the number o the conversation (1–2) next to the medical advice. 2 a Take this medici medicine ne twice a day. 1 b Go to bed. c Drink hot water with honey and lemon. d Take one pill twice a day. e Buy cough sweets. 6 Match the beginnings o the sentences (1–9) with 4 5 the endings (a–i). Use the expressions or talking about illness to help you. 1 Have you got a a this medicine. 6 2 You should take b buy some cough 3 It’s good or sweets? 4 Try drink drinking ing c earache. 5 Why don’t you d then come back and 6 I’ve got see me again. 7 Do you eel e a sore throat. 7 8 You need  hot water with 8 9 I you still eel ill, honey and lemon. g temperature? h sick at all? i to take one o these pills. a I’ve got a headache. b I’ve got backache. TALKING ABOUT ILLNESS c I’ve got a runny nose. Asking and talking about illness d I’ve got earache. I don’t eel very well. e I’ve got stomach ache. I eel sick/ill. / Do you eel sick/ill?  I’ve got a temperature. Have you got a temperature? g I’ve got a sore throat. How do you eel?  h I ve got a bad cough. Giving advice You need to / You should take this medicine. 2 What do you do when you have the problems in Exercise 1? Choose the best option (1–3) or each Why don’t you buy some cough sweets? It’s good or stomach ache. problem. Work Work in pairs and compare your ideas. Try drinking hot tea. 1 I go to bed. I you still eel ill, then come back and see me again. 2 I take medicine or pills. 3 I go to the pharmacy pharmacy or see my doctor. 7 Work in pairs. 3 Pronunciation one or two syllables? Student A:problems one o the You haverom You a medical problem. Exercise Choose 1 and tell a 7 Listen to these words. Which words have one Student B what your problem is. syllable? Which words have two? Underline the stressed syllable in the two-syllable words. Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student A eels and give advice. ache headache ear earache stomach Then change roles and have a new conversation. throat cough b 7 Listen again and repeat. 16 YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS my lie FILLING IN A FORM Writing flling in a orm Writing skill inormation on orms Unit 1 Liestyle 1e Personal inormation 3 Writing skill inormation on Writing flling in a orm orms 1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. a Match the questions (1–7) with the  What kinds o orms do you sometimes ll in? headings on the orms in Exercise 2  Think o a orm you lled in. What inormation did you write? where you write the inormation. 2 Look at these orms. What is each orm or? 1 Are you married, single or divorced? marital status A 2 Do you take any pills or Title Current occupation medicine? First name 3 How many children do you Middle initial have? 4 What country were you born in? Surname 5 What city/town were you born Address Do you smoke? in? Postcode Yes No 6 Who i youcan wehelp? need call in your amily Gender Current medications 7 What is the rst letter o your DOB middle name? No. of dependents b Look at the orms again. Answer Country of origin these questions. Then check your First language answers on page 155. Details of past surgery or operations 1 How many abbreviations can you nd in the orms? What do they mean? DOB = Date o birth 2 Under the heading Title on orms, we use the abbreviations Mr,, Mrs Mr Mrs,, Ms and Dr Dr.. What do B 3 they Whichmean? orm doesn’t want you to write in lower-case letters? P L E A S E U S E C A P I T A L L E T T E R S 4 Work in pairs. Design a orm or  new students at a language school. PASSPORT NO. PLACE OF BIRTH  List all the inormation you need about the students. NATIONALITY MARITAL STATUS  Then prepare the orm. 5 Exchange your orm with another QUALIFICATIONS QUALIFICATIONS (DEGREE, ETC.) pair. Use these questions to check their orm. Have you visited this country before? (If yes, give details)  Is their orm easy to ll in?  Do you know what to write in each part?  Would you change anything on Contact details of person in case of o f emergency (e.g. spouse, next of kin) the orm? YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 17 my lie FILLING IN A FORM 1 My local park  Park Güell, in Barcelona, is amous or its art and a great place to meet riends. 18 Unit 1 Lifestyle Before you watch Student A Student B 1 Look at the photo and read the caption. When do you come to Why do you like coming to  Where is your nearest park? Why do the park? the park? people like going there? We come to the park There are a lot of very. for Jasmine 2 Key vocabulary Every to play with. There are Read the sentences. The words and after lunchtime, around beautiful phrases in bold are used in the video. p.m. everywhere. Match the words to the denitions (a–). I come to the park I like this part of the park 1 I like coming to the park no matter. On sunny actually. It’s what the weather is like. days I come here in my up and there’s this 2 Parents push their young children lunch. beautiful. in prams. 3 There’s a great view rom the top o When we were a It’s nicer than the the hill. young family and had way. It’s a 4 We oten come to the park when , we used park and we we’re in the area. to come here, so it has like to see the different 5 There’s a nice walkway round the memories.. park. I go through the park I like in this 6 In the spring, there are beautiul and park. fowers on the ground and blossom I spend on the trees. time with my friends. a a region or part o a town b it has our wheels and you move I come to the park I like to babies or small children in it. I come jogging and I like to do c fowers that grow on trees here about here. The d it isn’t important and it doesn’t a week. park is quiet and there are change my decision lots of and e what you can see around you trees.  another word or a path or small road only or people I try and come to the There are always wild park. and blossom on the trees. It’s lovely to While you watch. 3 1.1 Wat Watch ch the video and number a–g in the order you see them. 5 1.1 Share your notes with your partner and complete the a A man is cycling. other column. Then watch the video again and check all your b A woman is walking with her dog. answers. cd A student There’s is ge jogging. a large lar house near the park. e Two people are are walking down a path. After you watch  A student is doing pull-ups. g A tractor is cutting the grass. 6 Work in pairs. Cover the notes in the table and look at the aces o the dierent people. 4 1.1 Work in pairs. Look at the table and watch the video again. Student A: Choose one person in the video but don’t tell Student B. Listen to Student B’s questions and give the Student A: Complete the notes in answers rom the video. column 1. Student B: Ask the two questions rom the video: When do Student B: Complete the notes in you come to the park? How oten do you come? Listen to column 2. Student A’s answer. Which person rom the video is Student A? 7 Change roles and repeat the activity activity.. 19 Unit 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 5 Which words can ollow ollo w the verb in CAPITAL  letters? Cross out the incorrect word. 1 Choose the correct options to complete the text about a 1 DO exercise, housework, relaxing, yoga man called Nazroo. 2 GO asleep, clubbing, jogging, home 3 PLAY PLAY gol, swimming, games, tennis 4 FEEL tired, happy happy,, ache, sick 6 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Write fve sentences using verbs rom Exercises 4 and 5, but miss out the verb. We often yoga when we wake up. Then work with another pair. Take Take turns to read your sentences and guess the missing word. Every day, Nazroo 1 works / is working with elephants. In this photo, 2 he takes / he’s taking his avourite i CAn elephant, Rajan, or a swim. 3 They swim / They’re describe daily routines Sometimesinthey swimming the sea 4 likearound the Andaman / are liking to relax thisIsland. way ater talk about freetime activities 5 a hard day. Rajan doesn’t seem / isn’t seeming worried about being under the water. I suppose 6 it feels / it is Real lfe feeling good ater a long, hot day at work. 7 Choose the correct option to complete the conversation between two riends. 2 Write the expression in brackets in the correct place in A: 1 How do / Do you eel? the sentence. In three sentences, there is more than one B: Not very 2 well / ill. ill. I’ve got a 3 pain / sore correct position. throat. 1 I play computer and video games. (rarely) A: 4 Do you feel / Have you got a temperature? 2 We’re studying Spanish. (at the moment) B: I don’t know. know. I eel a bit hot. 3 My amily does sport. (every weekend) A: 5 Try / You need drinking some honey and 4 All my riends are working. (these days) lemon in hot ho t water. B: Good idea. 3 ❯❯ MB Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2 so they are 6 true or you. A: But youryou should d octor. doctor. / it’s a good idea also see  i CAn 8 ❯❯ MB Look at the pictures and answer the use the present simple and present continuous questions. use adverbs and expressions of frequency 1 2 3 Vocabulary 4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B. Then complete the sentences with the expressions. A fall take work watch get up B long hours asleep a break late TV 1 What medical problems do the people have? 1 I can’t because o all the 2 What advice can you give them? e.g. You noise outside my bedroom. should go to bed. 2 At work, we always at 11 i CAn and have a coee. 3 We all these days talk about medical problems and illness because there is a lot to do. give advice 4 Sometimes I and I miss my bus to school. 5 How much do you in the evenings? 20 Unit 2 Competitions Athletes at Cozumel, Mexico, compete or a place in the Ironman championship. 1 Look at the photo. What sport is it? Do you like this kind FEATURES o sport? 22 Crazy competitions 2 9 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Answer Making rules or new the questions. competitions 1 How many races are there in the Ironman Ironman competition? competition? 24 Winning and losing 2 How many kilometres kilometres do the competitors competitors swim and cycle? 3 How many people compete? Is in competition sport? important 3 Look at these words rom the same amily. Which word is: 1 a verb? 26 Bolivian wrestlers 2 an adjective? Women competing in a 3 a noun (thing)? national sport 4 a noun (person)? 30 Mongolian horse competitor competitive competition compete racing A video about horse racing 4 Complete the questions with the words rom Exercise 3. Then at a Mongolian estival ask and answer the questions with a partner. 1 In sport, are you normally a or a spectator? 2 Do you ever in sports? 3 What types o do you like? 4 Are you a person? Why? / Why not? RULES FOR A COMPETITI COMPETITION ON OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT OLYMPIC OLYMPIC SPORTS INTERESTS 21 my lie AN ADVERT OR NOTICE reading crazy competitions  vocabulary sport  grammar verbs or or rules  speaking rules or a competition  2a Crazy competitions! Reading Vocabulary sport 1 Look at the title o the article and the two 5 Look at the highlighted words in the article. photos. Why do you think the competitions Use the words to complete the sentences below be low.. are ‘crazy’? 1 Runners at the Olympic Games get a gold gold medal 2 Read the article. Which competition is a race when they win a. between dierent teams? Which is a match 2 In ootball, there are eleven on each between two teams? side. 3 At the beginning o thethe championship championship there there are are 3 Read the article again and match the sentences 24. In the fnal, there can only be two. (1–6) with the competitions (A–B). One 4 A rugby lasts eighty minutes. sentence is true or both competitions. 5 How many did you score? 1 Competitors start and end at the same 6 The ball didn’t cross the , so it wasn’t a goal. place. A 7 The received a gold medal. 2 The rules rules are are the same as another real sport. 6 Work in pairs. Answer these questions. 3 The competition is once a year. 4 You use a type o transport. 1 How many dierent kinds o race can you think o? 5 It’s or teams. 2 How many players are there in your your avourite avourite team team 6 There is a time limit. sports? 3 What are are the names o the sports sports teams in your 4 Which o the two sports would you like town or city? to play or watch? Do you have any crazy 4 In what games do you score score goals goals and in what competitions in your country? games do you score points? 10 CRAZY A The Idiotarod  The Idiotarod is an annual annual race in twenty twenty dierent dierent US cities. Each team must COMPETITIONS! have fve people and a shopping cart. One person usually rides in the cart and our people pull it. Teams Teams can decorate the shopping cart but they can’t change There are lots of competitions the wheels. All the teams have to start and fnish at the same place but they don’t in the USA and some of them have to run on the same roads. The members o each team must cross the fnish are a bit crazy! crazy! line together and they mustn’t fnish without the cart! B The Mud Bowl Championship Mud Bowl ootball is similar to normal American ootball, so players can pick up the ball and run with it. There are also two teams, but the match is shorter. The winner is the team team with the most goals at the end o sixty minutes. The really big diere dierence nce is that the players have to play in a feld with hal a metre o mud! 22  Unit 2 Competitions Grammar verbs or rules 9 Complete the description o another competition with these verbs. Use each verb once only. only. VERBS FOR RULES must have to don’t have to can’t can Each team must have fve people and a shopping cart. They can’t change the wheels. All the teams have to start and fnish at the same place. They don’t have to run on the same roads. They mustn’t fnish without the cart! Players can pick up the ball and run with it. For urther inormation and practice, see page 158. 7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Complete the explanations explanations (a–d) with the verbs in bold in the grammar box. a We use or when the rules say it’s obligatory. b W e use use rules. when it’s allo allowed wed in in the the c We use when something is not obligatory but is allowed by the rules. d We use or wh