Potassium, Ammonium, Rubidium & Caesium - Chemistry Notes PDF

potassium Principal/Primary/Major intracellular cation aka Kalium, Potash Deficiency state: Hypokalemia Due to severe burns, diarrhea, etc. S/Sx: Muscle weakness & muscle paralysis Toxicity: Hyperkalemia - Cardiac arrest Pharmacologic action: Diuretic, Muscl...

potassium Principal/Primary/Major intracellular cation aka Kalium, Potash Deficiency state: Hypokalemia Due to severe burns, diarrhea, etc. S/Sx: Muscle weakness & muscle paralysis Toxicity: Hyperkalemia - Cardiac arrest Pharmacologic action: Diuretic, Muscle contraction Maintains resting membrane potential K in glass = makes glass brown and light-resistant  potassium carbonate K2CO3 aka Carbonate of Potash, Pearl Ash, Salt of tartar, salt of wormwood Saponifying agent potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 aka Sorensen’s Potassium Phosphate Cathartic  potassium chloride Kalium Durules Electroyte replenisher for Hypokalemic states (Slow IV drip) Source of K Important Note: Never give by Rapid IV Push/IV bolus Final drug in LETHAL injection Component of Ringer’s Solution Triple Chloride Solution Na, K, Ca Component of Darrow’s Solution NaCl, KCl, Na Lactate, WFI Used in fluid therapy for K deficit  potassium CITRATE Systemic and urinary alkalizer (Acalka) Osmotic diuretic Expectorant Diaphoretic  potassium Hydroxide aka Caustic Potash, Potash lye Strong base; very corrosive Used in manufacture of soft soaps Use in titrimetry Koettsdorfer Number/Sapnofication value potassium BROMIDE Depressant Oldest anti-seizure agent  Potassium iodide Iodide of Choice Stable in air Can cause allergic reaction (Iodism) Antidote: NSS (NaCl) Uses: Expectorant Prevention of goiter Hyperthyroidism Anti-fungal: KISS (1g/mL) DOC for Sportotrichosis Gardener’s Thorn Sporotrix schenkii Uses: Component of Alkaloidal Reagents: Wagner’s Reagent Mayer’s Reagent (Most sensitive) Valser’s Reagent Dragendorff Reagent  sulfrurated potash aka Liver of Sulfur, Hepar of Sulfur, Potassa sulfurata Necessity for the production of White Lotion Sulfurated Potash + ZnSO4 = ZnS (White sulfide Anti-Psoriasis Potassium chlorate KCIO3 Oxidising agent Component of gargle and mouthwash  POtassium nitrate aka Saltpeter, Salitre, Salt prunelle Uses: Meat preservatives Manufacture of explosive (Gunpowder) Tooth-Desensitizing agent Sensodyne (5% KNO3) POtassium SODIUM TARTRATE aka Rochelle Salt, Sal Seignette Uses: Saline Laxative Sequestering Agent - Fehling’s Reagent Test for Tratrate FENTON test (+) Result = Deep Violet or Blue coloration  POtassium biTARTRATE KHC4HO6 aka Cream of Tartar, Argol, Acid Potassium Tartrate, Creamor Saline laxative/ Cathartic The only insoluble salt of K; Official ID Test  ammonium ion aka Hypothetical or Pseudo alkali metal Preparation: Haber Process Pharmacologic action: Diuretic Buffer Expectorant Anti-cariogenic  ammonium salts Ammoniated Mercury HgNH2CI; "White Precipitate"; Topical Anti-Infective Ammonium Iodide Source of 12 Anti-fungal Expectorant Ammonium Acetate Spirit of Minderesus styptic  ammonium carbonate aka Sal Volatile, Preston’s Salt, Hart’s Horn Uses: Expectorant (NH4); Antacid (CO3) Respiratory Stimulant: "Smelling Salts" Leavening agent hence aka "Baker's Ammonia" ammonium Chloride NH4CI aka Muriate of Ammonia, Sal Ammoniac, Muriate of Hart’s Horn By-product of NaHCO3 production (Solvay Process) Uses: Osmotic Diuretic Systemic and Urinary Acidifier - DOC or Antidote for Amphetamine Toxicity (“ION TRAPPING”)  16° AMMONIA Aqueous NH3: Mild Alkalizer Household NH3: 10% NH3 aka 16° (degrees Baume) NH3  RUBIDIUM & CAESIUM Caesium & Rubidium : Very similar in behaviour to K+ Caesium Catalyst in polymerisation of resin forming material 1st element discovered by the use of spectroscope in 1860 Caesium Spectral Line: BLUE Rubidium (Rb) 2nd element discovered by the use of spectroscope in 1861 Rubidium Spectral Line: RED