Grade 6 Social Studies Curriculum Workbook PDF

[[Chapter 1: Introduction to Society and Government........ 3]](#d58p0pscpne3)\ [[Chapter 2: Democracy and its Rights and Responsibilities........25]](#l540qpjv75vp)\ [[Chapter 3: Ancient Athenian Democracy.........36]](#at7oyxwak0bx)\ [[Chapter 4: The Roman Republic........57]](#oro5vhx6o0tl)\ [[Ch...

[[Chapter 1: Introduction to Society and Government........ 3]](#d58p0pscpne3)\ [[Chapter 2: Democracy and its Rights and Responsibilities........25]](#l540qpjv75vp)\ [[Chapter 3: Ancient Athenian Democracy.........36]](#at7oyxwak0bx)\ [[Chapter 4: The Roman Republic........57]](#oro5vhx6o0tl)\ [[Chapter 5: The Haudenosaunee Confederacy........79]](#ne5gfp7qcv74) Mr. Street []{#d58p0pscpne3.anchor}[[Chapter 1:]](#lmz1b0a73k6x) An Introduction to Society and Democracy "Oh, 'tanstaafl.' Means 'There ain't no such thing as a free lunch.'\......Was reminding her that anything free costs twice as much in the long run or turns out worthless." Individual Values.......... 4 [Principles.......... 8](#dg1qbousnubl) [Banding Together for a Society........12](#98l7chjryx2t) [The Need for Government........16](#9oti3417m2k9) [The Constitution........20](#h8freyjyfjv0) [[What Are Values?]](#d58p0pscpne3) =============================================== **Objective:** - - - #### Why We Study Values: Understanding our own values and the values of others is a fundamental part of living in a society. **Values (important beliefs that guide our choices)** shape how we interact with others, make decisions, and contribute to our community. By exploring our own values and those of others, we can build stronger relationships, understand different perspectives, and navigate disagreements in a respectful way. **Vocabulary:** - - - - - #### Foundational Knowledge: Everyone has things they think are important. These things are called values. They guide our choices and help us decide what is right and wrong. For example, some people value honesty. This means they believe in telling the truth, even when it\'s difficult. #### Looking Deeper: Values are more than just preferences. They are deeply held beliefs that shape our character and influence our behavior. They can be based on things like our upbringing, cultural background, or personal experiences. For example, a person who grew up in a family that valued hard work might develop a strong work ethic. **Ethics (moral principles that guide behavior)** are closely linked to values. Our values influence the ethical choices we make in different situations. **Thinking Like a Historian:** Societies throughout history have developed different sets of values. These values can be reflected in things like laws, religious texts, and stories. Studying the values of different societies can help us understand their way of life and the choices they made. **Fast Facts:** - - - Exploring Values: ====================================== **Basic Questions:** 1. 2. 3. -- -- -- -- -- -- **Matching:** Match the value on the left with its definition on the right. - - - a\) Telling the truth\ b) Treating everyone equally\ c) Providing assistance to those in need **Fill-in-the-blank:** Values are our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** beliefs that guide our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. They help us decide what is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. **Thinking Deeper:** 1. 2. 3. Principles - Your Rules for Living ================================== #### **Objective:** - - - #### Why We Study Principles: Values are important, but they are broad ideas. **Principles (personal rules that guide our behavior based on our values)** are more specific. They translate our values into concrete rules for how we live our lives. Understanding our own principles and those of others helps us make choices, build relationships, and navigate complex situations. **Vocabulary:** - - - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** We learned that values are important beliefs that guide our choices. **Principles** are like rules we make for ourselves based on those values. They help us decide how to act in different situations. For example, someone who values honesty might have a principle of always telling the truth, even when it\'s difficult. #### It\'s All Connected! Principles are more specific than values. They take our general beliefs and translate them into actionable rules for everyday life. For example, someone who values fairness might have a principle of treating everyone with respect, even if they disagree with them. Our values are the foundation for our principles. Think of it like building a house. Values are the foundation, and principles are the bricks that make up the walls. Without a strong foundation, the walls can\'t stand. Without clear principles, it\'s hard to live by our values. **Fast Facts:** - - - Exploring Principles: ========================================== **Basic Questions** 1. 2. 3. -- -- -- -- -- -- **Matching:** Match the value on the left with a principle someone might have based on that value on the right. - - - **Fill-in-the-blank:** Our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are like the foundation of a house. Our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are like the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** that build the walls. Without a strong **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** can\'t stand strong. **Thinking Deeper:** 1. 2. 3. **Understanding Societies, Values, and Principles** --------------------------------------------------- ### **Objective:** - - - ### **Why We Study Societies:** Humans are social creatures who naturally form groups with others who share similar interests and experiences. Understanding how societies function helps us appreciate the diversity of human cultures and navigate the complexities of living in a world with many different societies. ### **Vocabulary:** - - - - - ### **Foundational Knowledge:** People with similar values and principles often find themselves drawn together. Over time, these shared values and practices can lead to the formation of a society. However, different groups may have similar values but express them in unique ways. Understanding these differences is important for cooperation and peace in a multicultural world. ### **Keirsey Temperament Theory and Societal Principles:** The Keirsey Temperament Theory divides personalities into four temperaments. Each temperament will influence how groups express their principles: 1. 2. 3. 4. ### **Thinking More Deeply:** - - ### **Benefits and Challenges of Societies:** - - ### **Fast Facts:** - - - **Exploring Societies and Principles** -------------------------------------- **1. Define Key Terms\ **Match the word on the left with its definition on the right: Principles A large group of people who live together and share a common culture. ------------ -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Society The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular society. Culture Important beliefs that guide our choices. Values Personal rules that guide our behavior based on our values. **2. Reflect on Shared Values\ **Think about a group you belong to (e.g., sports team, school club). What shared values or principles bring this group together? **3. Apply Temperaments to Principles\ **Match each principle to the temperament most likely to prioritize it: Idealist Follow the rules, no exceptions.\" ---------- -- --------------------------------------------- Guardian \"Think outside the box.\" (Artisan) Rational \"Promote open communication and support.\" Artisan \"Develop long-term strategies.\" **4. Society Simulation Activity\ **Work in groups, each representing a different temperament. Discuss how your "society" would approach the value of **\"community safety.\"** Present your principles to the class. **5. Fill-in-the-Blank\ **Complete the sentences:\ People with similar \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ often come together to form a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which has a way of life called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. **7. Thinking Deeper** - ### **Conclusion:** By exploring the concept of societies, culture, values, and principles, we gain a deeper understanding of how people come together to form communities and navigate the complexities of the world. Different temperaments influence societal principles, and recognizing these differences can help us build a more cooperative and peaceful world. The Need for Government ======================= #### Objective: - - - - **Why We Study Government:** [Understanding how governments function is essential for active citizenship in a democracy.] Governments play a crucial role in maintaining order, providing essential services, and protecting the rights of citizens. By studying government, we gain the knowledge and skills needed to participate effectively in our society. **Vocabulary:** - - - - - - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** [As societies grow larger and more complex, it becomes difficult to maintain order and ensure everyone follows the same rules.] This is where governments come in. A **government** is the group of people who make and enforce laws. Laws are rules created by the government that everyone in a society must follow. **Thinking More Deeply:** Governments fulfill several key functions that are essential for a well-functioning society. Here are some of the most important: - - - - - **What Happens Without Government?** If a government fails to fulfill its basic functions, it can lead to a state of **anarchy**. Anarchy is the absence of government and law. In an anarchic society, there is no order, and people are free to act without consequences. This can lead to chaos, violence, and a breakdown of social order. **Fast Facts:** - - - - - Exploring Government ==================== **Basic Questions:** 1. 2. 3. -- -- -- -- -- -- **Matching:** Match the word on the left with its definition on the right - - **Fill-in-the-blank:** As societies grow larger, it becomes difficult to follow the rules. This is why we need \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Governments make \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that everyone must follow. Laws help to keep things \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ branch of government helps make sure the laws are used fairly. **Thinking Deeper:** 1. 2. 3. The Foundation of a Democracy - The Constitution ================================================ **Objective:** - - - **Why We Study Constitutions:** The constitution is the cornerstone of a democracy. It establishes the framework for a government and protects the rights of its citizens. By understanding how constitutions function, we gain a deeper appreciation for the principles of democracy and the importance of checks and balances. **Vocabulary:** - - - - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** We learned that governments are created by societies to maintain order and provide essential services. A **constitution** is the supreme law of a land. It sets out the framework for how a government should function and what powers it has. **Thinking More Deeply:** [The constitution is often based on the values and principles of the society that creates it]. It reflects what the people believe is important and how they want to be governed. For example, a society that values individual liberty might have a constitution that guarantees more rights and freedoms to its individual citizens, whereas a society that values the collective whole might require its citizens to do more for the government. The constitution entrenches these values into the way the government runs. **Checks and Balances:** An important concept within most constitutions is **checks and balances**. This is a system that divides power among different branches of government. The idea is to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities, and they can also check the power of the other branches to ensure another branch doesn't take over the government. **Why Constitutions are Important :** - - - - **Fast Facts:** - - - - Exploring Constitutions: ======================== **Basic Questions:** 1. 2. 3. -- -- **Matching:** Match the word on the left with its definition on the right. - - **Fill-in-the-blank:** The **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is the supreme law of a land. It tells the government how to work and protects our **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**. Checks and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is a system that keeps any one branch of government from being too powerful. **Thinking Deeper:** 1. 2. 3. [[Chapter 2:]](#lmz1b0a73k6x) Democracy the Rights and Responsibilities Within the character of the citizen, lies the welfare of the nation. [[Why Study Democracy?\...\.....26]](#sfyaj3n03lqr) [[Societies have structure........27]](#d7d9vqc8tygi) [[Understanding Democracy........29]](#ggjcwialxffl) [[Citizenship and Responsibility........31]](#58ikif4dqzdh) [[Freedom and Democracy........33]](#p9mwe2ua8kn3) [[Why We Study Government and Citizenship]](#l540qpjv75vp) ====================================================================== Understanding **how governments function** is essential for active citizenship in a democracy. By studying government, we gain the knowledge and skills needed to: - - - **Citizenship** is more than just a status. It\'s about belonging to a society and having the rights and responsibilities that come with it. By studying citizenship, we learn about: - - - [**[The Structure of Society]**](#l540qpjv75vp) =========================================================== **Objective:** - - **Vocabulary:** - - - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** - - - - - - **Fast Facts :** - - - Exploring Society's Structure: =================================================== - - -- -- - [**[Understanding Democracy]**](#l540qpjv75vp) ========================================================== **Objective:** - - **Vocabulary** (Introduce vocabulary from Handout 1 + New Vocabulary) - - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** - - - - - - **Fast Facts:** - - Exploring Democracy: ==================== - - -- -- - Match the word on the left with its definition on the right. - - - a\) A political system where the government is accountable to the citizens. - b\) The right to act, speak, or think as you choose. [[Citizenship and Responsibility]](#l540qpjv75vp) ============================================================= **Objective:** - - **Vocabulary** - - **Foundational Knowledge:** [Being a citizen means belonging to a society and having certain rights and responsibilities.] Canadian citizenship can be obtained at birth or through a process called naturalization. **Rights of Citizens (Ensure Equality Under the Law):** - - - - - **Responsibilities of Citizens:** - - **Fast Facts:** - - - Exploring Citizenship and Responsibility: ========================================= - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- Match the word on the left with its definition on the right. - - - a\) Something you are guaranteed by law. - b\) Something you are expected to do. [**[Freedom and Democracy]**](#l540qpjv75vp) ======================================================== **Objective:** - - **Vocabulary** (Introduce vocabulary from all previous handouts) - - - - **Foundational Knowledge:** - - - - - - - - - **The Importance of Civic Participation:** Civic participation is how citizens get involved in their communities and government.It is important because it allows citizens to have a say in the decisions that affect them. Many of the ways we participate in democracy are either rights or responsibilities. **Rights** are the things you get to do in a democracy, such as voting or expressing yourself freely. These rights allow you to participate in government and shape your community. **Responsibilities** are like the things you need to do to keep democracy strong. This could be things like voting in elections, following the laws, or paying taxes. Fulfilling your responsibilities helps to create a safe and fair society where everyone\'s rights are protected. **Let\'s see some examples:** - - - **Why is this important?** Think about it this way: If everyone only cared about their rights and didn\'t fulfill their responsibilities, what would happen? Voting wouldn\'t be effective, laws wouldn\'t be followed, and there wouldn\'t be enough money to provide important services. **Fast Facts:** - - - Exploring Freedom and Democracy: ===================================================== - - - - - [[Chapter 3:]](#lmz1b0a73k6x) Ancient Athens [[Introducing Ancient Athenian Democracy........37]](#bi4370rw5b1q) [[Values and Principles in Ancient Athenian Democracy........39]](#x8vdj4xi1quc) [[Social Classes\...\....45]](#mdaepc85u3fe) [[Ancient Athenian Government Structure........49]](#acrce1q5d9h6) [[The Athenian Constitution........53]](#hrfk6881zpf3) [[Ancient Athenian Democracy: An Introduction]](#at7oyxwak0bx) ========================================================================== **Objective:** - #### Where did Democracy come from? Democracy (a system of government where citizens control the decision making power) originated in ancient Athens around 500 BCE as a response to authoritarian rule (when power is concentrated in one person or a small group). The mountainous terrain (land) of Greece made it difficult to create a central government, which encouraged locally created government systems. This separation led to the development of independent city-states, such as Athens and Sparta, each with its own government, laws, and army. The citizens of Athens wanted a system where more people could participate in decision-making. #### Direct and Indirect Democracy Ancient Athens practiced a direct democracy (a form of democracy where people vote directly on a decision). In this system, adult male citizens were actively involved in making decisions for their society. This involvement included discussing various issues, debating potential decisions, and voting by raising their hands. Unlike representative democracies (where people elect officials to make decisions on their behalf), Athenian democracy required direct participation from its citizens, ensuring that each individual\'s voice could be heard in the governmental process. #### Limits of Participation Despite its innovative approach, Athenian democracy had significant limitations. Participation was restricted to male citizens who had completed military service, excluding women, slaves, and foreigners (known as metics). This exclusion was based on the belief that only certain individuals were qualified to make important decisions for the society. Today, we recognize the practice of slavery and excluding women as unfair and undemocratic, but it was a common societal norm (standard) at the time. These limitations meant that a large portion of the population had no political power or influence, highlighting a significant flaw in the otherwise progressive system of direct democracy. #### Athenian Social Classes: 1. 2. 3. #### Fast Facts - - - Exploring the Introduction to Ancient Athenian Democracy ============================================================================= 1. - - 2. - - [[Values and Principles of Ancient Athenian Democracy]](#at7oyxwak0bx) ================================================================================== #### Objective - #### I understand the core values and principles of Ancient Athenian democracy. - #### I can explain the ways these values and principles were practiced. - #### I know why the democracy of ancient Athens declined in this early democratic system. Ancient Athenian democracy is one of the earliest known systems of government where citizens had a direct role in decision-making. This handout will explore the core values and principles that shaped Athenian democracy and contributed to its development as well as its decline. #### Vocabulary - - - #### Values - - - - - - - - - #### Principles - - - - - - **Values and principles that led to the downfall of Ancient Athenian Democracy** - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Fast Facts - - - - #### Conclusion The values of freedom, equality, and participation were central to Ancient Athenian democracy. However, shifts towards imperialism, economic inequality, and external conflicts, along with the rise of demagogues, corruption, and a loss of civic virtue, contributed to its decline. Understanding these values and principles helps us appreciate the complexities of maintaining a democratic system. Exploring Values and Principles of Ancient Athenian Democracy ============================================================= - - - - - #### Decline of Athenian Democracy - - **6. Loss of Civic Virtue** - [[Social Classes in Ancient Athens]](#at7oyxwak0bx) =============================================================== **Objective:** I understand the different social classes in ancient Athens and their roles in society. #### Social Classes in Ancient Athens Ancient Athens had a well-defined social structure with three main classes. Each class had its own rights and responsibilities, which shaped the daily life and governance of Athenian society. 1. - - - - - - 2. - - - - - - 3. - - - - - - #### Key Features of Athenian Social Classes The social structure in Athens was rigid, with clear distinctions between the rights and duties of each class. This organization influenced how the society functioned and how democracy was practiced. - - - #### Fast Facts - - - - Exploring Social Classes in Ancient Athens =============================================================== 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - 4. - - - - - - - - - - [[Structure of Athenian Democratic Government]](#at7oyxwak0bx) ========================================================================== **Objective:** Understand the structure and functions of the government in ancient Athens. #### Athenian Government Structure Ancient Athens had a complex government divided into three main branches to ensure a balanced system of governance (the way a country is managed at the highest level). This structure is similar to many modern democracies. 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - #### Key Features of Athenian Democracy Athenian democracy had several notable features that have influenced modern democratic systems: - - - - - #### Fast Facts - - - Exploring the Structure of Athenian Democracy ============================================= 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - 4. - - 5. - - - - - - [[The Constitution of Ancient Athenian Democracy]](#at7oyxwak0bx) ============================================================================= #### Introduction Ancient Athens is often considered the birthplace of democracy. However, this democratic system evolved over time through various reforms and legal changes. Two significant stages in this evolution were the Draconian Constitution and the reforms of Cleisthenes and Solon. This handout will explore these stages and their contributions to Athenian democracy. #### The Draconian Constitution - - - - - #### Impact and Significance - - #### The Reforms of Solon - - - - - #### Impact and Significance - - #### The Reforms of Cleisthenes - - - - - #### Impact and Significance - - #### Athenian Democracy - - - - #### Conclusion The evolution of the Athenian Constitution from Draco's harsh laws to the democratic reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes highlights the development of democratic principles and practices. These reforms set the stage for a more inclusive and participatory government, influencing future democratic systems. While flawed, this first democracy had more people able to participate in government than ever before. ### **Exploring The Constitution of Ancient Athenian Democracy** #### Questions on the Draconian Constitution 1. 2. 3. #### Questions on the Reforms of Solon 4. 5. 6. #### Questions on the Reforms of Cleisthenes 7. 8. 9. #### Questions on Athenian Democracy 10. 11. 12. [[Chapter 4:]](#lmz1b0a73k6x) The Roman Republic **"A great civilization is not conquered from without until it has destroyed itself from within."** **Ariel Durant** [[Core Values of the Roman Republic]](#28apq8ie0l93)........58 [[Principles of Roman Democracy]](#i8bbglb6lr57)........61 [[Roman Social Structure]](#sdyycgootkt0)........65 [[Government Structure of the Roman Republic]](#f886s01qrjhz)........70 [[The Roman Republic's Unwritten Constitution]](#i4p2rue0gadp)........74 [[Core Values of the Roman Republic]](#oro5vhx6o0tl) ================================================================ **Objective:** - - The Roman Republic was built on a foundation of core values that guided the behavior of its citizens and the functioning of its government. These values were integral to maintaining order, ensuring civic participation, and promoting the common good. #### Key Roman Values **1. Civic Duty:** Citizens were expected to participate in public life, including voting, holding public office, and serving in the military. This sense of duty was crucial for the Republic\'s functioning. **2. Honor (Dignitas):** Personal honor was highly valued. Citizens sought to achieve and maintain their dignity through virtuous actions, public service, and loyalty to the Republic. **3. Public Service:** Serving the community and contributing to the public good was considered a noble pursuit. Many citizens aspired to hold public office and work for the benefit of society. **4. Rule of Law:** The importance of law and order was paramount. Laws were created to maintain justice and fairness, and everyone was expected to adhere to them. #### Why These Values Matter These values were more than just ideals; they shaped the everyday lives of Romans and the operation of their government. Civic duty ensured that citizens were actively involved in governance, honor motivated individuals to act virtuously, public service promoted the welfare of the community, and the rule of law maintained social order. #### Fast Facts - - - -  Exploring Roman Values ====================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **Activity: Matching Values to Actions** Match the following actions to the Roman value they best represent: 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - - 4. - - - - [[Principles of Roman Democracy]](#oro5vhx6o0tl) ============================================================ **Objective:** - - #### Introduction to Democratic Principles In the Roman Republic, the principle of representative democracy was central to its governance. Unlike the direct democracy of ancient Athens, where citizens participate directly in decision-making, the Roman Republic relied on elected representatives to make decisions on behalf of the citizens. #### Key Principles of Roman Democracy **Representative Democracy:** In the Roman Republic, citizens elected representatives (magistrates) to make decisions and create laws on their behalf. This system allowed for a more manageable and organized government, especially for a large population spread across various provinces (areas controlled by the Republic). **Separation of Powers:** The Roman Republic\'s government was divided into three branches to prevent any one group or individual from gaining too much power: - - - **Checks and Balances:** Each branch of government had specific powers and responsibilities, ensuring that no single branch could dominate the others. This system of checks and balances helped maintain a fair and balanced government. **Election of Representatives:** Citizens of the Roman Republic, specifically male patricians (wealthy landowners) and plebeians (common people), could vote for their representatives. However, only male patricians could hold higher offices. #### Fast Facts - - - - Exploring Democratic Principles =============================== 1. 2. 3. 4. Match the following principles to their correct descriptions: 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - - 4. - - - - **Reflection Questions:** - - - - - [[Social Structure of the Roman Republic]](#oro5vhx6o0tl) ===================================================================== **Objective:** - - #### Introduction to Social Structure The Roman Republic had a complex social structure that played a crucial role in its governance and society. This structure was divided primarily into citizens and non-citizens, with further distinctions within these categories. #### Key Features of Roman Social Structure **Citizens and Non-Citizens:** - - - - **Patricians and Plebeians:** - - **Rights and Responsibilities:** - - **Representation in Government:** - - **Patriarchy in the Roman Republic:** - - - **Impact on Governance:** - - #### Fast Facts - - - - - - Exploring Roman Social Structure ================================ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Classify the following characteristics as belonging to Patricians, Plebeians, or Non-Citizens: 1. - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - 4. - - - **Reflection Questions:** - - - - - [[Government Structure of the Roman Republic]](#oro5vhx6o0tl) ========================================================================= **Objective:** - - #### Introduction to Roman Government The Roman Republic had a complex and organized system of government that laid the foundation for modern democratic systems. Its structure included three main branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. #### Key Features of the Roman Republic\'s Government **Executive Branch:** - - **Legislative Branch:** - - **Judicial Branch:** - **Challenges and Endurance:** - #### Fast Facts - - - - Exploring the Government Structure ================================== 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **Matching Branches to Roles** Match each role with the appropriate branch of government in the Roman Republic: 1. - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - 4. - - - **Reflection Questions:** - - - - [[The Constitution of the Roman Republic]](#oro5vhx6o0tl) ===================================================================== **Objective:** - - The Roman Republic operated under a complex constitution that evolved over time. It was not a single written document but a set of customs, traditions, and laws that guided the political and social structures of the Republic. The constitution provided a framework for governance, ensuring checks and balances among different branches of government and protecting the rights of Roman citizens. #### Key Features of the Roman Constitution **Unwritten Nature:** - - **Separation of Powers:** - - **Checks and Balances:** - - **Citizen Participation:** - - #### Structure of Government Based on the Constitution **Executive Branch:** - **Legislative Branch:** - - **Judicial Branch:** - #### Fast Facts - - - - Exploring the Roman Constitution ===================================================== 1. 2. 3. 4. **Activity: Matching Roles to Branches** Match each role with the appropriate branch of government in the Roman Republic: 1. - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - 4. - - - **Reflection Questions** 1. 2. 3. [[Chapter 5:]](#lmz1b0a73k6x) Haudenosaunee Confederacy **In our every deliberation (decision) we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations.** Values of the Haudenosaunee........80 Haudenosaunee Principles........83 Haudenosaunee Society........87 Government in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy........93 The Great Law of Peace........98 Values of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy ======================================= **Objective:** - - The Haudenosaunee Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois Confederacy, is a group of First Nations in eastern North America. Their society was guided by the Great Law of Peace, which emphasized several key values that helped maintain harmony and order. #### Key Values **Collective Rights:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy placed a strong emphasis on collective rights, ensuring that the well-being of the entire community was prioritized over individual interests. This collective mindset fostered a sense of unity and cooperation among the people. **Respect for Gender:** In Haudenosaunee society, men and women had distinct roles that were equally valued. Women, particularly Clan Mothers, played a crucial role in decision-making and governance. This respect for gender roles ensured a balanced and inclusive approach to leadership. **Peace and Harmony:** The Great Law of Peace served as the foundation for maintaining peace and harmony within the Confederacy. Disputes were resolved through discussion and consensus, reflecting the society\'s commitment to peaceful coexistence. #### The Three Sisters Analogy The Haudenosaunee people often used the analogy of the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash) to represent their society. Just as these plants grow best when they are planted together, providing support and benefits to each other, Haudenosaunee society thrived on the interdependence of its members. Each person had a role that contributed to the well-being of the community, creating a balanced and self-sustaining society. #### Fast Facts - - - - Exploring Haudenosaunee Values ============================== 1. 2. 3. **Activity: Three Sisters Analogy** Write a short paragraph explaining how the Three Sisters analogy helps us understand the values and structure of Haudenosaunee society. #### Reflection Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. Principles of Haudenosaunee Society =================================== **Objective:** - - The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is built on a set of principles that promote unity, peace within the group, and cooperation. These principles are enshrined in the Great Law of Peace, which serves as the foundation for their governance and societal values. #### Key Principles **1. The Great Law of Peace:** The Great Law of Peace is the guiding document of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. It establishes the framework for governance, decision-making, and societal roles. It emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with others and resolving conflicts through peaceful means. **2. Consensus Decision-Making:** One of the core principles of Haudenosaunee governance is [decision-making by consensus]. This means that decisions are made after thorough discussion and agreement by all members of the council. This approach ensures that all voices are heard and that the community works together harmoniously. **3. Role of Chiefs and Clan Mothers:** The Chiefs (leaders) and Clan Mothers (female leaders) play crucial roles in the governance of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Clan Mothers have the authority to select and remove Chiefs. This balance of power ensures that leadership is accountable and representative. **4. Respect for Individual Roles:** In Haudenosaunee society, every individual has a role that contributes to the well-being of the community. This principle is reflected in the analogy of the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash), where each plant supports the others\' growth. Similarly, each person's role is valued and respected, creating a strong, interdependent community. **5. Collective Rights and Responsibilities:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy places a strong emphasis on collective rights and responsibilities. This means that the needs and well-being of the community are prioritized over individual desires. Members of the society work together to ensure the prosperity and harmony of the entire group. #### Fast Facts - - - - - Exploring the Principles of Haudenosaunee Society ================================================= 1. 2. 3. #### Reflection Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -- -- Society in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy ======================================== **Objective:** - - - The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is a sophisticated and organized society. Its structure is based on strong principles of cooperation, respect, and collective responsibility, guided by the Great Law of Peace. This document outlines the societal roles, interactions, and values that define the Haudenosaunee way of life. #### Structure of Haudenosaunee Society **1. Clan System:** Haudenosaunee society is organized into clans, which are groups of families that share a common ancestor. Each clan is led by a Clan Mother, who has significant authority and responsibility within the clan. The Clan Mother selects the Chief, who represents the clan in the Grand Council. The clan system is matrilineal (traced through the mother\'s line), meaning that clan membership is inherited from the mother. - **2. Matriarchy:** The Haudenosaunee society is a [matriarchy (a system where women hold primary power)], with Clan Mothers holding significant authority. They select and advise Chiefs, ensuring that leaders are accountable and decisions reflect the community\'s needs. **3. Roles of Individuals:** Each person in Haudenosaunee society has a role that contributes to the community\'s well-being. The analogy of the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash) illustrates this interdependence: just as each plant supports the others' growth, each individual's role is essential to the community. - - - - **4. Decision-Making Process:** Decisions in Haudenosaunee society are made through consensus (general agreement). This process involves extensive discussion and agreement among all members of the council. The aim is to reach decisions that everyone supports, reflecting the collective will of the people. #### Principles Guiding Society **1. Collective Responsibility:** The welfare of the community is prioritized over individual desires. Members work together to ensure the community\'s prosperity and harmony. **2. Respect for Gender:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy recognizes the importance of both male and female roles. Clan Mothers have the authority to select and remove Chiefs, highlighting the respect for women\'s roles in society. **3. Consensus and Representation:** Decision-making by consensus ensures that all voices are heard and respected. Chiefs represent their clans, but decisions are made collectively, reflecting the democratic principles of equality and participation. #### Fast Facts - - - - - - - - Worksheet: Society in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy ======================================================================== 1. 2. 3. 4. **Activity: The Three Sisters Analogy** Write a short paragraph explaining how the analogy of the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash) illustrates the principle of interdependence in Haudenosaunee society. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ #### Reflection Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Government in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy =========================================== **Objective:** - - - The Haudenosaunee Confederacy has a sophisticated and unique system of government. This system emphasizes representation, consensus, and respect for gender roles. Guided by the Great Law of Peace, the Haudenosaunee Confederacy provides a model of democracy that has influenced other political systems, including the United States and Canada. #### Structure of Haudenosaunee Government **1. The Great Law of Peace:** The Great Law of Peace is the foundational agreement that guides the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. It outlines the manner in which the government conducts its business, establishes the roles within society, decision-making practices, collective rights, and respect for gender. This agreement ensures that all members of the Confederacy have a voice and that decisions are made for the benefit of the whole community. **2. Chiefs and Clan Mothers:** The Chiefs are the leaders selected to represent each clan in the Grand Council. They are chosen by the Clan Mothers, who are the ultimate authority within the clan. The selection process ensures that Chiefs are wise, just, and respected by their people. Clan Mothers have the power to remove Chiefs if they fail to act in the community\'s best interest. (There is no record of [any] Haudenosaunee chief [ever] defying his Clan Mother to the point he would be removed from office!) - - **3. Consensus Decision-Making:** The Haudenosaunee government operates through The Grand Council which makes decisions by consensus (general agreement). This process involves extensive discussion until everyone agrees on a decision, ensuring that all voices are heard and respected. **Here\'s how decisions get made:** 1. 2. 3. a. b. c. **Remember:** This process takes time and patience. But by working together and listening to each other, the Haudenosaunee Grand Council makes decisions that benefit everyone in the Confederacy. **4. Democratic Principles:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy includes key democratic principles such as: - - - #### Fast Facts - - - - - Exploring the Government in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy ============================================================================== 1. 2. 3. Write a IVF/CER paragraph comparing the democratic principles of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy to those of the ancient Athenians or the Roman Republic. Consider aspects such as representation, decision-making processes, and accountability. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ #### Reflection Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. The Constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy ================================================= **Objective:** - - - #### The Great Law of Peace: Constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy **Introduction to the Great Law of Peace:** The Great Law of Peace is the constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. This agreement provides the framework for governance, societal roles, decision-making processes, and the protection of collective rights. It emphasizes respect for gender, equality, and consensus-based decision-making, ensuring that all members of society have a voice in the government. The [Haudenosaunee believe it was given to them by the creator.] **Key Elements of the Great Law of Peace:** **1. Roles within Society:** The Great Law of Peace establishes specific roles for individuals within the Haudenosaunee society. Chiefs, selected by Clan Mothers, are responsible for representing their clans in the Grand Council. Clan Mothers, who hold significant authority, select and advise Chiefs, ensuring they act in the community\'s best interest. This matrilineal (inherited through the mother\'s line) structure ensures that women play a crucial role in governance and societal stability. **2. Decision-Making Practices:** Decision-making within the Haudenosaunee Confederacy is based on consensus. This means that all decisions are discussed extensively until everyone agrees. This process ensures that all voices are heard and that decisions reflect the collective will of the community. The Grand Council, composed of Chiefs from each clan, meets to discuss and make decisions on issues affecting the entire Confederacy. **3. Collective Rights:** The Great Law of Peace emphasizes the protection of collective rights, ensuring that the needs and interests of the community are prioritized over individual desires. This principle promotes unity, cooperation, and mutual respect among the Haudenosaunee people. **4. Respect for Gender:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy recognizes the importance of gender equality. Women, particularly Clan Mothers, play a vital role in governance and decision-making. This respect for gender ensures that both men and women contribute to the stability and prosperity of the society. **5. Democratic Principles:** The Haudenosaunee Confederacy embodies key democratic principles, including: - - - #### The Impact of the Great Law of Peace on Society The Great Law of Peace has shaped Haudenosaunee society for centuries, providing a stable and just framework for governance. By emphasizing consensus, equality, and collective rights, the Great Law of Peace has ensured that the Haudenosaunee people live in harmony and cooperation. This constitution has also influenced modern democratic principles and practices, highlighting the enduring legacy of the Haudenosaunee governance system. #### Fast Facts - - - - - Exploring The Constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy =========================================================== 1. 2. 3. #### #### Reflection Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.