Instrumentation In Medical Laboratories PDF

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WellMadeStatueOfLiberty9199

Uploaded by WellMadeStatueOfLiberty9199

School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale

Dr. Abu A. Rahamani

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medical instrumentation laboratory equipment medical laboratories healthcare

Summary

This document is a presentation on instrumentation in medical laboratories. It provides an overview of the different types of equipment, selection criteria, maintenance strategies, and important considerations. This presentation was created by Dr. Abu A. Rahamani.

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INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES BY DR. ABU A. RAHAMANI 1 ‘WHERE YOUR TALENTS AND THE NEEDS OF THE WORLD CROSS, THERE LIES YOUR VOCATION’ ARISTOTLE 2 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES OBJECTIV...

INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES BY DR. ABU A. RAHAMANI 1 ‘WHERE YOUR TALENTS AND THE NEEDS OF THE WORLD CROSS, THERE LIES YOUR VOCATION’ ARISTOTLE 2 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES OBJECTIVE The aim of this course is to assess the equipment used in biomedical laboratories and how they are properly handled. After completion of the course, students should be able to; 1. Classify biomedical instruments according to their functions 2. Comment on the principle under which these instruments function 3. Choose and operate an appropriate instrument for a named laboratory investigation 4. Motivate the selection of an instrument over another 5. Care and maintain biomedical instruments INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 3 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES BASIC DEFINITION Laboratory instrumentation is a collection of laboratory test equipment or the use of one or more instruments in carrying out laboratory tests. The use of UV spectrophotometry (to measure light intensity) and gas chromatography. Instrument: Devices that can be used to make a measurement and give quantitative (or sometimes qualitative) results Biomedical Instruments: Devices that can be used to make measurements of biological or medical quantities and give quantitative (or sometimes qualitative) results. Instruments may be as simple as direct reading hand-held thermometers or as complex as multi-variable process analyzers INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 4 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Laboratory equipment, refers to the various tools used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipment is generally used to either perform an experiment or to take measurements and gather data. Larger or more sophisticated equipment is generally called a scientific instrument. Both laboratory equipment and scientific instruments are increasingly being designed and shared using open hardware principles. The classical equipment includes tools such as Bunsen burners and microscopes as well as specialty equipment such as operant conditioning chambers, spectrophotometers, and calorimeters. INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 5 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES LIST OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS Microscope Chromatographic Instruments ELISA readers Incubators Spectrophotometers Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) machines Autoclave Flame photometers Microtomes Water Bath Colorimeters Tissue processing Machines Ovens Atomic absorption Weighing balance spectrophotometers Vacuum pumps Nephelometers Anaerobic jars Centrifuges Electrophoresis packs Refrigerators Ph meters Coulter counters Flow cytometers 6 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES SELECTION CRITERIA OF LABORATORY INSTRUMENT Many factors need to be considered when selecting, and subsequently utilizing laboratory equipment; Initial Selection Assessment Budgeting Installation & Training Laboratory Evaluation Documentation Maintenance & Servicing Trouble-shooting INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 7 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Instrument Selection Laboratory instruments have become increasingly complex. Selecting the correct system for your needs requires a detailed programme of assessment and evaluation. INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 8 Selecting and Acquiring Equipment Equipment Facility needs requirements ✓ performance characteristics ✓ cost ✓ reagents INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL 9 LABORATORIES Selecting and Acquiring Equipment ✓ easy to use ✓ language ✓ warranty ✓ safety ✓will it fit? INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL 10 LABORATORIES INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Instrument Selection Analytical instruments; Blood Cell Counters Multi-chemistry analysers Stat – single assay instruments Spectrophotometers Flow Cytometers Molecular biology equipment INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 11 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Instrument Selection Equally important to correctly select; Automatic pipettes pH meters Thermometers Water baths Centrifuges Incubators Fridges & Freezers, etc INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 12 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Initial Selection Assessment Wide variety of instruments available on the market that perform similar functions Range in cost, complexity & function. Extremely important to select the CORRECT instrument for your needs; INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 13 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Selection considerations; -Throughput (sample capacity) -Range of applications -Versatility; able to use different sources of reagents or spares -Sample volume -Sample preparation -QC and calibration requirements -Level of technical skill required Determine if the laboratory can provide all the necessary physical requirements, such as electricity, water, and space. There must be adequate room to move the equipment into the laboratory; consider door openings and elevator access. INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 14 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Selection considerations (cont’d); Power and other service requirements Environmental requirements: Temp & humidity Adequate space available, remember ventilation Running costs; reagents, spares, maintenance & service, power consumption. Reliability & reputation INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 15 INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES Selection considerations (cont’d); What level & quality of support/ backup is available for; Training Technical advice Service & Preventative Maintenance Rapid call out Reliable supply of reagents & spares INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 16 Budgeting Very important to consider TOTAL costs when budgeting for a new instrument; Instrument: Outright purchase vs Rental Delivery & installation Running costs; Service contract & emergency call-out Reagents, consumables & spares Controls & calibrators Services – electricity, water, gases Staffing requirements Backup system – purchase & running costs? INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 17 Acquiring Equipment purchase, lease, rent, donations central acquisition bulk procurement ▪conditions of contract INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL 18 LABORATORIES CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 19 Definition Medical equipment maintenance is a set of activities conducted to keep a medical device in good working condition and consists of inspection, preventive maintenance, and corrective maintenance (breakdown or reactive maintenance). INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 20 IMPORTANCE Medical equipment maintenance, when well planned, managed and implemented, allows for all the equipment in a healthcare institution to be reliable safe and available for use when it is needed for diagnostic procedures, therapy, treatments, and the monitoring of patients. It also has the ability to prolong the useful life of the equipment and minimize the cost of ownership. INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 21 Preventive Maintenance routine cleaning adjustment, replacement of equipment parts INSTRUMENTATION IN 22 MEDICAL LABORATORIES Implementing a Maintenance Program Assign responsibility Develop written policies and procedures Maintain records Train staff INSTRUMENTATION IN 23 MEDICAL LABORATORIES Develop a Maintenance Plan For each piece of equipment establish routine maintenance plan to include: frequency of all maintenance tasks function checks routine replacement of parts INSTRUMENTATION IN 24 MEDICAL LABORATORIES Create an Equipment Inventory Log Record: ▪ instrument type, model number, serial number ▪ location in laboratory ▪ date purchased ▪ manufacturer and vendor contact information ▪ warranty, note expiration date ▪ spare parts INSTRUMENTATION IN 25 MEDICAL LABORATORIES INSTRUMENTATION IN MEDICAL LABORATORIES 26

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