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## Reproduction in Plants ### Syllabus * Types of Asexual reproduction: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative propagation, tissue culture (basic process along with a suitable example of each) * Sexual reproduction in Plants * Structure of a typical flower (4...

## Reproduction in Plants ### Syllabus * Types of Asexual reproduction: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative propagation, tissue culture (basic process along with a suitable example of each) * Sexual reproduction in Plants * Structure of a typical flower (4 whorls and their structure and function). * Review of parts * Pollination: self and cross. * Agents of pollination three characteristics pollinated by insects. * Agents of pod (with examples). Characteristics of flowers of each kind. * Fertilization process in brief by flow chart. * Mention of artificial pollination. ### Reproduction All living organisms produce individuals of their own kind for the survival of their species. This is called reproduction. Reproduction means producing young ones of the same kind. ### Modes of Reproduction in Plants They are broadly grouped into two types: * Asexual reproduction * sexual reproduction In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved, and there is no formation or fusion of the male and female sex cells (gametes). In sexual reproduction, two parents are involved, and there is formation and fusion of the male and female gametes. ### Asexual Reproduction in Plants Lower organisms like bacteria and plants like algae, fungi reproduce asexually by fission, fragmentation, or by the formation of spores. In some higher plants, the vegetative parts of the plant like the root, stem, or leaves also help in producing new plants. This is called **vegetative propagation**. 1. **Binary fission**: Lower organisms like bacteria, reproduce asexually by the method of binary fission (binary fission means splitting). In this method, the nucleus of the parent cell splits or divides equally, and the cell splits as well, forming two small identical cells called the **daughter cells** (Fig. 2.1). 2. **Budding**: This method is seen in yeast. Here, the parent cell produces a small outgrowth called bud. The bud grows bigger and then gets detached forming a new daughter cell. The parent cell also continues to live and grow (Fig. 2.2).