Optics Fundamentals PDF

Optics Fundamentals Question Answer How does vision work? Rays of light are focused on the retina to form an image. What is the theory of light? Light behave...

Optics Fundamentals Question Answer How does vision work? Rays of light are focused on the retina to form an image. What is the theory of light? Light behaves both as waves (e.g., ripples in water) and as particles (photons). In optics, light is best understood as waves. What determines the color of light? Wavelength determines the color of light; shorter wavelengths appear blue, while longer wavelengths appear red. What is the result of combining white pigments? Combining white pigments results in black. What is the electromagnetic spectrum? The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from short gamma rays to long radio waves. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is human vision Human vision is sensitive to only the visible light spectrum. sensitive to? What is the behavior of light in regard to its movement? Light travels in straight lines unless interrupted. What are the results of light interacting with surfaces? Interaction with surfaces results in reflection or refraction. Define reflection in the context of light. Reflection is the bouncing of light back into the same medium. What is regular reflection? Regular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces, such as mirrors. What is diffuse reflection? Diffuse reflection occurs on rough, matte surfaces. State the laws of reflection. The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Define refraction. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums. What is the velocity of light in a vacuum? The velocity of light in a vacuum is 300,000 km/s, which slows in denser media. What is the refractive index? The refractive index (n) is defined as the velocity in medium divided by the velocity of light in vacuum. What is Snell's Law? Snell's Law relates the refractive index of the first medium, angle of incidence, refractive index of the second medium, and angle of refraction. Provide examples of refractive indices for air, water, and diamond. Air: 1.00, Water: 1.33, Diamond: 2.417. What happens to light when it passes through parallel glass Light slows but does not deviate in parallel glass slabs. slabs? What occurs when light passes through glass at an angle? Refraction occurs, and the ray emerges parallel but is laterally displaced. What factors affect the power of a thick lens? The power factors include surface power, refractive index, and lens thickness. What is the geometric center in optics? The geometric center is typically 2 mm above the optical center. Define effective diameter in the context of lenses. Effective diameter is defined as twice the distance from the geometric center to the farthest lens edge. What processes are done for special lenses in fabrication? Grinding, fining, and polishing are done for special lenses, not blanks. What materials need to be brought for Tuesday's session? Bring 1 metal frame and 1 plastic frame along with tools: cardboard, pencil, PD rule, and bond paper. What do the letters and symbols represent in the equation: \(D_n They represent aspects related to lens formulas and calculations = \frac{\sin i}{n}\) and others? concerning light behavior with respect to various media.