Human Anatomy Notes PDF

Part 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology 56 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology Anatomy Nomenclature: a system of names /terms/rules in a particular field of arts or sciences Anatomical Language Clea...

Part 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology 56 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology Anatomy Nomenclature: a system of names /terms/rules in a particular field of arts or sciences Anatomical Language Clear communication and consistency Using anatomical directions, regions, and landmarks 57  Human Anatomy Human anatomical sciences are currently taught under the subheadings: Gross anatomy (structures that can be seen with the naked eye, including shape, size, function, and location) Embryology (prenatal development’s structures and organization from conception until birth) Neuroanatomy (relationship, organization, and function of the nervous system) Histology (microscopic study of tissues and their structures). 58 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Human Anatomy Systems This class will focus on: Integumentary system Skeletal system There are so many systems! Muscular system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Nervous system Respiratory system Digestive system Lymphatic/immune system Urinary system Reproductive systems 59 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Gross Human Anatomy Directional terms Regional terms – names of specific body areas Axial region – the main axis of the body (skull, vertebral column, ribcage) Appendicular region – the limbs 60 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  The Anatomical Position Akin to having a 3D compass N,S,E,W… plus up/down Directions, movements, and relationships What are the key features of the anatomical position? stand upright, face forward, legs parallel, arms at either side, palms face forward. 61 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Orientation & Directional Terms Superior (cranial) Inferior (caudal) Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal) Medial vs Lateral 62 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Orientation & Directional Terms Proximal vs Distal (Appendicular region) Superficial (external) vs Deep (internal, “profound”) 63 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Regional Terms Cervical = Neck Axillary = Armpit Cleido = Clavicle Pectoral = Chest Brachial = Arm Costal = Ribs Carpal = Wrist Tarsal = Ankle Gluteal = Butt Plantar = Sole of foot 64 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology Anterior view Posterior view  Planes of the body Frontal / Coronal Plane (Mid) Sagittal Plane Transverse Plane 65 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Frontal / Coronal Plane Direction: Vertical Divides the body: Anterior vs Posterior Movements: Side to side movements Eg: Jumping jacks 66 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Sagittal or MIDsagittal Plane Direction: Vertical Divides the body: Left & right Mid-sagittal plane: if divided down the middle Movements: Front & back movements Eg: Swinging arms back & forth when walking 67 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology  Transverse Plane Direction: Horizontal Divides the body: Superior & inferior Movements: Rotational/turning movements Eg: turning your head to look behind you 68 3. The Human Body: Orientations & Terminology