NCM 116 Care of Clients with Acute and Chronic Problems in Nutrition, Gastrointestinal, Metabolism, Endocrine Functions Notes PDF

Care of The Clients with Acute and Chronic Problems in Nutrition, Gastro- internal, Metabolism, Endocrine Functions By: Lourdes Ivaliz C. Iledan, RN, MN  Course Outline I. NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERNS/RESPONSES TO ALTERED NUTRITION P...

Care of The Clients with Acute and Chronic Problems in Nutrition, Gastro- internal, Metabolism, Endocrine Functions By: Lourdes Ivaliz C. Iledan, RN, MN  Course Outline I. NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERNS/RESPONSES TO ALTERED NUTRITION PA RT 1. D I S T U R B A NC ES I N I NG E ST I O N A. G A S T R O E S O P H A G E A L R E F L U X D I S E A S E ( G E R D ) ❑ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ❑ ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (TO INCLUDE LABORATORY & DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS) ❑ TREATMENTS ❑ NURSING DIAGNOSIS B. H I ATA L H E R N I A ❑ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ❑ ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (TO INCLUDE LABORATORY & DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS) ❑ TREATMENTS ❑ NURSING DIAGNOSIS C. A C H A L A S I A ❑ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ❑ ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (TO INCLUDE LABORATORY & DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS) ❑ TREATMENTS ❑ NURSING DIAGNOSIS By: Lourdes Ivaliz C. Iledan, RN, MN D. N C P O F I M M E D I AT E P R O B L E M : A C U T E PA I N  NCM 116 By: Lourdes Ivaliz C. Iledan, RN, MN What are the 6 main parts of the GI system? What are the accessory organs of the GI system? How does a GI system work? 6 MAIN PARTS OF THE GI SYSTEM : 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach ALIMENTA RY 4. Small Intestine CA NAL 5. Large Intestine ( hollow tube lined 6. Rectum w/ mucous membrane ) ACCESSORY ORG AN S: 1. Sal ivary gl ands 2. Li ve r 3. Pancre as 4. Gal lbl adde r  2. 1. 3. 6. THE GI TRACT 4. FUNCTIONS: 5. 7. 1. Digest food 8. 10. 2. Absorb nutrients 9. 3. Propel the contents 11. through the lumen 4. Eliminate the waste products What is the difference between Ingestion & Digestion?  INGESTION DIGESTION Taking food through the mouth Breaking up complex molecules into the body is called ingestion. of food into simple and small molecules is called digestion. This is a physical process. It involves many chemical reactions. Enzymes are not required. Enzymes are required. The process takes a few minutes Digestion takes 4-5 hours to to complete. complete.  NCM 116 By: Lourdes Ivaliz C. Iledan, RN, MN  common disorder marked by backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus that causes troublesome symptoms and/or mucosal injury to the esophagus.  P R E D I S P O S I N G FA C TO R S : 1. Obesity P R E C I P I TAT I N G FA C TO R S : 2. Hiatal Hernia (bulging of the top stomach up above 1. Smoking the diaphragm) 2. Eating large meals or eating late at night 3. Pregnancy 3. Fatty or fried foods 4. H. Pylori infection 4. Alcohol, & Caffeinated drinks 5. Aged person 5. Medications that can cause GI upset such as aspirin 6. COPD A. I m p a i r e d L o w e r E s o p h a g e a l S p h i n c te r ( L E S ) – L o w P r e s s u r e s o r F r e q u e n t Tr a n s ie nt L E S R e l ax a t i o n B. I n c r e a s e A b d o m i n a l P r e s su r e  HYPERSECRETION OF ACID Impaired Peristalsis or Abnormal Saliva Production Decreased Acid Clearance Delayed Gastric Emptying or Duodenogastric Reflux Of Bile Salts & Pancreatic Enzymes  Hallmark Signs & Symptoms: 1. Epigastric burning, worse after eating 2. Heartburn 3. Burping (Eructation) or Flatulence 4. Sour taste in mouth, often worse in the morning 5. Nausea 6. Bloating 7. Cough due to reflux high in the esophagus 8. Sore throat 9. Hoarseness or change in voice ❑ Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring ph 50 y/o) 5. Smoking Size of the hiatus n o t f i x e d , n a r r o w s with increased intra-abdominal pressure Tear of Phreno-esophageal Ligament Hallmark S/Sx: SLIDING HERNIA 1. Heartburn Reduced LES Pressure 2. Dysphagia 3. Eructation 4. Chest Pain Reduced Esophageal Acid Clearance ROLLING HERNIA: 1. Chest pain Transient LES Relaxation Episodes 2. Shortness of breath after eating particularly at Night-time 3. Feeling of fullness after eating ❑ Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring ph