Viscerocranium NO 2 PDF

Viscerocranium Dr. S. Lafcı  CRANIUM The skull is the most complex bony structure composed of many bones which are closely fitted together Except for the mandible and the ossicles of the middle ear the bones of the adult skull are joined by rigid sutures The skull...

Viscerocranium Dr. S. Lafcı  CRANIUM The skull is the most complex bony structure composed of many bones which are closely fitted together Except for the mandible and the ossicles of the middle ear the bones of the adult skull are joined by rigid sutures The skull bones divides into 2 groups: 1.Neurocranium 2.Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)  CRANIUM Neurocranium Viscerocranium (splanchnocranium) Viscerocranium (facial skeleton) maxilla zygomatic palatine inferior nasal concha paired lacrimal nasal mandible vomer unpaired  The calvaria of newborn infant is large compared with the face, because of the small size of jaws and the almost complete absence of paranasal sinuses. in adults facial bones enlarge: the maxillar growth occurs at the age of 6-12 for the vertical elongation of the face.  Maxilla Consists upper jaw. 2 maxillae are united in the median plane by intermaxillary suture in the internal side of the mouth, palatine process of maxilla joined with horizontal plate of palatine bone. They form hard palate.  Each adult maxilla consist of Body containing a large maxillary sinus Processes a zygomatic process that articulates with the zygomatic bone a frontal process that articulates with the frontal and nasal bones a palatine process with other side to form hard palate. an alveolar process bears the upper teeth.  Processes (1) zygomatic process that articulates with the zygomatic bone (2) frontal process that articulates 2 with the frontal and nasal bones 1 (3) alveolar process bears the upper 3 teeth.  Processes (4) a palatine process joints with 4 other side to form hard palate.  Maxillla also articulates with Vomer Lacrimal Sphenoid Palatine bones Inferior nasal conchae  Maxilla has nasal surface that contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity ✓Nasal face has maxillar hiatus (opening of maxillar sinus) Nasal surface  has orbital surface forms most of the floor of the orbit nasal  anterior surface is covered by facial muscles. has infraorbital foramen ✓is located on the inferomedially, 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital nasal margin. ✓it contains the infraorbital vessels and nerve  Maxilla has infratemporal surface forms of the anterior wall of the in the infratemporal fossa. ✓Tuber maxilla ✓Foramina alveolaria Tuber maxilla  infraorbital margin Orbital surface  Palatine bone Palatine process of maxilla 16  incissive fossa canine fossa Alveolar juga 17  Nasal notche 18 Nasal notche Piriform aperture  Right part of the alveolar processes and the left one unite to form the superior alveolar arch 22  inferior aspect of palatine process of maxilla superior aspect of palatine process of maxilla nasal spine 23 incissive foramen 24  Palatine Bone 2 plates Horizontal plate Perpendicular plate 3 processes Pyramidal process Sphenoidal process Orbital process 25 Cutted-horizontal plate  Perpendicular plate join with the medial plate of pterygoid process 27  Superior aspect/ transverse section of nasal cavity 28  Palatine Bone Horizontal plate Nasal surface (superior surface) Nasal crest Post. nasal spine Palatine surface (inferior surface) Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramina 29  horizontal plate 30 Horizontal inferior side of palatum durum plate palatine surface Post. nasal spine superior side of palatum durum Nasal surface Nasal crest 31  Palatine Bone Perpendicular plate ❑ Nasal surface Ethmoidal crest Conchal crest ❑ Maxillary surface Forms the medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa 32 Perpendicular plate Nasal surface 33  Palatine Bone Perpendicular plate Sphenopalatine notch Articulates posteriorly Sphenopalatine with medial plate of foramen pterygoid process Between Sphenoidal process pterygopalatine fossa - middle nasal meatus Orbital process Pyramidal process 34 35 36  Coronal section of posterior part of nasal cavity 37  Lacrimal Bone Medial wall of orbit Ant. border - maxilla Post. lacrimal crest Post. border - ethmoid Lacrimal groove Sup. border - frontal Fossa for lacrimal sac Inf. border - maxilla Lacrimal hamulus Medial surface of the lacrimal bone lies towards into the nasal cavity 38  Right orbita * 39  Posterior lacrimal crest Anterior lacrimal crest 40  Between anterior and posterior lacrimal crest there is lacrimal sac 41  Nasal Bone Bony parts of nose consists of Nasal bones are uniqe bone Nasal bone of the external nose Frontal process of maxillae Other parts of nose are mobile cartilaginous Nasal part of frontal bone structures. Root of nose Between nasale bones and nasal part of frontal bone.  internasal suture Nasal part of frontal bone 43  Vomer is thin flat bone Ant. border forms posteroinferior of Perp. plate nasal septum Septal cartilage articulates with perpendicular plate of Post. border * ethmoid and septal cartilage 44  Vomer Vomerine groove Nasopalatine nerve Ala of vomer Ant. border Perp. plate of eth. Septal cartilage Post. border Choana 45  Dorsal view lateral view Choanal aspect 46 47 48 Bony portion of nasal septum 49 Zygomatic Bone 50  Zygomatic Bone Surfaces: Foramens: Lateral surface Zygomaticofacial foramen Temporal surface Zygomaticotemporal Orbital surface foramen Processes: Zygomaticoorbital Frontal process foramen Temporal process Zygomatic arch 51 Lateral/external aspect Medial/temporal aspect 52 53 54 55 56 57  Inferior Nasal Concha Superior –middle nasal conchas are the part of perpendicular lamina of ethmoid bone. inferior nasal concha is the separate bone 58 59  Inferior Nasal Concha Medial surface Nasal cavity Lateral surface part of inf. nasal meatus Sup. border Articulates with conchal crest of maxilla 60 61  Mandible forms the lower jaw is the largest, strongest movable bone of viscerocranium Consists of 2 parts: Body Ramus 62 63  Mandible Right and left body Body is the horizontal --- are fused anterirly part of mandible at the symp. menti Alveolar part Base of mandible Dental alveoli Interalveolar septa Interradicular septa Alveolar yokes (juga) 64 Base of mandible 65  ramus of mandible 66 67  Mandible Mandibular symphysis Digastric fossa Mental protuberance Mylohyoid line Mental tubercle Sublingual fossa Mental foramen Submandibular fossa Oblique line Mental spine - 4 68 69 70  Mandible Ramus of mandible Mandibular notch Retromolar triangle Masseteric tuberosity Angle of mandible Pterygoid tuberosity Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Condylar process Lingula Head of mandible Mylohyoid groove Neck of mandible Mandibular canal Pterygoid fovea 71 72 73 74 75 76 77  Hyoid Bone Between mandible – larynx has no junction any bone Body Greater horn Lesser horn 78 79 80 Thank you for your attention