Skull Anatomy PDF

Anatomy of the skull  Skull Cranium viscerale Cranium cerebrale  Viscerocranium Nasal bone Maxilla Mandible Zygomatic bone Palatine bone Hyoid bone Vomer Inferior nasal concha Superior and middle nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone! ...

Anatomy of the skull  Skull Cranium viscerale Cranium cerebrale  Viscerocranium Nasal bone Maxilla Mandible Zygomatic bone Palatine bone Hyoid bone Vomer Inferior nasal concha Superior and middle nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone!  Maxilla Body (corpus maxillae) Maxillary sinus Maxillary hiatus Processes Frontal (processus frontalis) Zygomatic (processus zygomaticus) Palatine (processus palatinus) Alveolar (processus alveolaris)  Body of maxilla Anterior surface Infraorbital margin Infraorbital foramen Canine fossa Infratemporal surface Tuberosity Alveolar foramina Nasal surface Conchal crest Lacrimal groove Maxillary hiatus Orbital surface Infraorbital groove  Processes of maxilla Frontal process Lacrimal notch Ethmoidal crest Anterior lacrimal crest Zygomatic process Palatine process Nasal crest Alveolar process Alveolar arch Alveoli, Interalveolar septa and juga  Mandible Body Alveolar process Alveolar arch (alveoli, septa, juga) Mental spine Digastric fossa Mylohyoid line and groove Mandibular foramen  mandibular canal  mental foramen Rami Condylar process- head, neck, pterygoid fossa Mandibular notch Coronoid process Mandibular angle Masseteric tuberosity (on the outer surface) Pterygoid tuberosity (on the inner surface)  Palatine bone Perpendicular plate surfaces – maxillary, nasal Crests – conchal, ethmoidal Orbital process Sphenoid process Sphenopalatine notch Horizontal plate Surfaces- nasal, palatine Nasal crest Posterior nasal spine Creates the hard palate (with the palatine process of maxilla) Pyramidal process Greater palatine groove  Zygomatic bone Processes Frontal Temporal Surfaces Lateral Orbital Temporal Foramina Zygomaticofacial Zygomaticoorbital Zygomaticotemporal  Neurocranium Calvaria Cranial base  Calvaria Frontal bone Parietal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Occipital bone External lamina Internal lamina  Frontal bone Squamous part External surface- tuber, supraorbital foramen and margin Cerebral surface- crest, foramen cecum, groove for the superior sagittal sinus Temporal surface Orbital parts Cerebral surface- digital impressions Orbital surface – lacrimal gland fossa, trochlear fossa Nasal part Glabella, nasal spine Zygomatic process Frontal sinus  Sphenoid bone Body Sphenoid sinus Superior wall-sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa, chiasmatic groove Anterior wall- aperture of the sphenoid sinus Greater wings Surfaces - cerebral, orbital, maxillary, temporal Margins – zygomatic, frontal,parietal, squamous Lesser wings Are seperated from greater wings by the superior orbital fissure Inferior to the lesser wings lies optic canal Pterygoid process Medial plate Lateral plate  Foramina of the greater wing : rotundum, ovale, spinosum  Temporal bone Squamous part Surfaces - temporal, cerebral Margins - parietal, sphenoid Zygomaric process Mandibullar fossa Tympanic part Petrous part Anterior surface- trigeminal impression, arcuate eminence, tegmen tympani, hiatus and grooves of greater and lesser petrosal nerve canals Posterior surface – internal acoustic meatus, subarcuate fossa Inferior surface- external carotid foramen, jugular fossa, fossula petrosa Styloid process Mastoid process  Facial nerve canal opens into the stylomastoid foramen. Foramen lacerum is located between the pyramid and the sphenoid bone. Jagular foramen is located between the pyramid and the occipital bone.  Occipital bone Squamous part Cerebral surface-groove for the superior sagittal sinus, groove for the transverse sinus,cruciform eminence,internal occipital crest External surface- nuchal lines, external occipital crest, external occipital protuberance. Margins- lambdoid,mastoid. Lateral parts Condyles -connect to Atlas Condylar canal Hypoglossal nerve canal Groove for the sigmoid sinus Basilar part Pharyngeal tubercle Clivus is created by the connection Foramen magnum of sphenoid and occipital bones!  Parietal bone Surfaces External-tubercle, temporal lines Internal – arterial sulci Margins Frontal Sagittal Squamous Occipital Angles Frontal Sphenoid Occipital Mastoid  Ethmoid bone Horizontal plate Cribriform plate (lamina cribrosa) Perpendicular plate crista galli Ethmoidal labyrinth Anterior cells-open into the superior nasal meatus. Middle cells-open into the superior/middle nasal meatus. Posterior cells-open into the superior nasal meatus. The biggest cell is ethmoid bulla.  Anterior cranial fossa Anterior fossa is formed by orbital parts of the frontal bone and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.  Middle cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa is Foramen rotundum connects the pretigopalatine fossa to formed by the: Greater wings of sphenoid the middle cranial fossa. Superior orbital fissure connects middle cranial fossa to bone  Posterior cranial fossa Is formed by the: Posterior cranial fossa is connected to the Posterior surface of vertebral canal through the foramen magnum pyramid Parts of the occipital bone  Orbit Superior wall orbital part of frontal bone lesser wing of sphenoid bone Lateral wall greater wing of sphenoid bone Orbital surface of zygomatic bone Inferior wall Orbital surface of zygomatic bone Orbital surface of maxilla Orbital process of palatine bone Medial wall Lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoid bone body of the sphenoid bone Connections Middle cranial fossa - optic canal, superior orbital fissure pterygopalatine fossa - inferior orbital fissure Inferior nasal meatus - nasolacrimal duct  Nasal cavity Inferior wall Hard palate- horizontal plate of palatine bone, palatine process of maxilla Superior wall Nasal bone, nasal part of the frontal bone. Lamina cribrosa of ethmoid bone. Lateral wall ethmoidal labyrinth, lacrimal bone Perpendicular plate of palatine bone Medial plate of pterygoid process Body and the frontal process of maxilla Medial wall septum - vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone. Anrerior wall Dorsum of the nose  Nasal meatus Superior meatus Middle/posterior cells of ethmoid bone Sphenoid sinus Middle meatus Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Anterior/middle cells of ethmoid bone Inferior meatus Nasolacrimal canal  Pterygopalatine fossa Borders Anterior border-body of maxilla Posterior border-pterygoid process Medial border-pyramidal process of palatine bone Superior border-greater wings and body of the sphenoid bone connections Orbita-inferior orbital fissure Nasal cavity-sphenopalatine foramen Middle cranial fossa- foramen rotundum GOOD LUCK! 