New-L1-CPAR.docx

**Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School** **Senior High School** **S.Y. 2024-2025** **Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region** **Lesson 1** - *Historical Background of the Philippine Arts* [Introduction:] *Have you ever wondered how the Philippine art developed? Do you know that th...

**Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School** **Senior High School** **S.Y. 2024-2025** **Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region** **Lesson 1** - *Historical Background of the Philippine Arts* [Introduction:] *Have you ever wondered how the Philippine art developed? Do you know that there are significant differences in the art forms and art making based on the period the artworks were produced? The traditional art of the Philippines developed as different factors influence the art making in the country. The Philippine art has its unique characteristics based on its period of development.* **Ethnic Art** - The ethnic art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experience of the Filipinos. - The dances in the country during the pre-colonial times vary depending on the area where our ancestors thrive. In high lands, dance steps were imitations of the movement of certain animals like birds while the choreography of the Filipinos near the sea were mimics of the movement of fishes. - In visual Arts, pottery weaving, wood carving and metal crafting were dominant during the pre-colonial period making use of the available materials surrounding them. - In literature, Filipinos already form of folk speeches, song, and narratives. This folk literature verbalized their experiences. - For theater arts, tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their beliefs. - In music, our ancestors also have their indigenous musical instrument like the bamboo flutes and brass gongs **Islamic Art** -  Islamic art place emphasis on creating an art form that is built on the beauty and respect for the teachings of Islam. - Characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms and geometric designs. It is used in calligraphy, architecture painting, clothing and other forms of fine art. - Distinct art is commonly seen in homes, clothing and places of worship of Filipino Muslims. - Mosques in the Philippines have a common architectural feature that is similar with its Southeast Asian neighbors. - The Muslim houses usually contains framed calligraphy of Qur'an passages in its walls. These ornaments usually are made from Muslim dominated countries like Malaysia, Egypt and Saudi Arabia brought home by overseas Filipino workers as mementos of their pilgrims. - Clothing reflects the style and colors of their ethnic background. A design related to Islam that is used in the Philippines is the *batik *cloth design. This kind of design traces its influence from Indonesia. It contains abstract themes with geometric and floral design. However, human and animal depiction is a rare motif in batik. **Spanish Era** - Spanish who tend to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art form. - Religion, and secularization greatly influenced the Art in the Philippines under the Spanish regime. The friars were those the one supervising the practice of arts in the country with their agenda of propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of the colonizers. In the field of literature, the literary works could be classified into religious plays like the "komedya" became popular. - In choreography religious dances commonly performed to venerate patrons and saints proliferated. There were also secular dances performed in social functions like the *valse,* fandango, polka and minuet, among others. - In music, the Spaniards introduces the piano, and other Western instruments. Bands and Orchestra multiplied as the *zarzuelas*, and *operas* became prevalent. - In the visual arts, Spaniards introduced painting and sculpture which mostly depicted religious subject matters. - In architecture, stones and bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings like churches, houses and government offices. Western Spanish influence was evident in architecture, the exterior and interior of the buildings were embellished with wood carvings or metal works, with intricate decorative designs. **American Era** - The American brought about many changes in the politics, economy, education and culture of the Philippines. - In education, there are Filipinos who went abroad to study, some student's i9n the tutelage of the American educators, and some learned through observation and personal experiences. - Painting, sculpture, and architecture were the art styles that changed in the Philippines due to colonization by the Americans. Fabian de la Rosa was the first painter in the 20th century. He was noted for his portraits and landscapes as they appeared realistic. - Poetry, sarswela, the short story, and the novel were among the literary genres that flourished throughout the American Period. The three languages - Filipino, Spanish, and English - as well as the many dialects were used to write poetry. - The greatest contribution of Americans to Philippine literature is arguably the introduction of the English language and the English literary tradition to the Philippines. -  Introduced reforms like universal education, public health initiatives, and economic development. It expanded individual freedoms and democratic traditions. - The American colonization of the Philippines imposed a universal formal education system, which helped increase the number of Filipinos working in business, educational, and governmental sectors. This system was mostly taught in English, and often had Americans as teachers. **Japanese Era** - During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines from 1942-1945, Philippine painters captured scenes depicting both everyday life under Japanese rule as well as the horrors of war. - Some paintings showed Japanese soldiers mingling in Baguio City markets, while others portrayed the violent rape and murder of Filipino families by Japanese forces. - Additional works illustrated the starvation and suffering of Filipino prisoners of war in internment camps, as well as acts of defiance against the oppression by the Japanese occupation. - Overall, these paintings provided a glimpse into the experiences of Filipinos during this dark period of Philippine history under Japanese control. **Modern Era** - Some Filipino artists used western art styles and their works had an influence of C\'ezanne and Gauguin. They depicted their subjects in terms of the technical considerations of line, color, space, and mass. - Filipino modern artists: Victorio Edades, Cesar Legaspi, Vicente Manansala, Carlos \"Botong\" Francisco, Hernado Ocampo, and Romeo Tabuena - Different art styles such as the application of expressionism and abstract cubism were used in their constant search for national identity and in expressing Philippine \"realities\" in their artworks. They used bold colors such as black, purple and red to express their feelings. **Contemporary Era** - Contemporary Philippine art continues to evolve, blending traditional and modern influences in various forms such as painting, sculpture, performance art, and digital art. - Philippine art is vibrant, imaginative, and expressive. In its best form, it\'s a reflection of Filipino culture ー delicately balanced between simple beauty and complex ideas. - Artists work in and respond to a global environment that is culturally diverse, technologically advancing, and multifaceted. - Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering teachers, students, and general audiences a rich resource through which to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar. Prepared by: MARK C. ARGUELLES TIII