NCM 116 Gastrointestinal Concept Lecture Notes PDF

NCM 116 LECTURE ESOPHAGUS Secretes mucus, passageway and GASTROINTESTINAL CONCEPT facilitates movement of food...

NCM 116 LECTURE ESOPHAGUS Secretes mucus, passageway and GASTROINTESTINAL CONCEPT facilitates movement of food STOMACH Temporary storage Break down food by churning & churning to turn it into CHYME consistency (heavy cream) Parts: Lower Esophageal or Cardioesopha- geal sphincter Fundus Body Pylorus Pyloric Sphincter On the gastric lining: - Gastric Pits - Gastric Glands - Intestinal Cells - Parietal cells - produces and secretes gastric juice HCL acid (pH1) and Intrinsic Factors (Vit. B12 binding protein) - Mucous Neck Cells - production of sticky mucus and clings to DIGESTIVE SYSTEM mucosa as protection from HCL A. GASTRINTESTINAL TRACT and digestive enzymes. (“ALIMENTARY CANAL”) - Chief cells - production of B. ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS protein digesting enzymes (Pepsin) A. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Mouth SMALL INTESTINE Pharynx Chemical digestion Esophagus Absorption of nutrients, vitamins, Stomach electrolytes Small Intestines Parts: Large Intestines Duodenum Anus Pancreatic Duct - Pancreas - secretes B. ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS pancreatic enzymes Teeth - Trypsin - breakdown Salivary Glands protein Pancreas - Amylase - starch Liver - Lipase - fats Gallbladder - Alkaline in pH because of high concentration of GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT bicarbonate, alkaline pH MOUTH help neutralize acid Ingestion and mastication Ampulla of Vater Common Bile Duct PHARYNX o Gallbladder - stores and Passageway for air, food, fluids secretes bile - Emulsify fats EPIGLOTTIS - Absorbs fats and fat- Flap the open and closes to prevent food soluble Vits (ADEK) or fluids enter the trachea  o Liver - Produces Bile Brown color – results from the - Yellow to green fluid breakdown of bile by the intestinal containing bile salts, bacteria. bile pigments Fecal odor is chemically formed by the (Bilirubin), cholesterol intestinal bacteria. Jejunum Ileum ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS o Ileocecal valve 1. TEETH SALIVARY GLANDS 2 TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS Secretes 1.5L of saliva a day to 1. PERISTALSIS lubricate and facilitate swallowing. propels contents toward the colon Contains mucus, water, enzyme, ptyalin or salivary amylase to break down 2. SEGMENTATION starches. produces mixing waves that move - Parotid contents back and forth in churning - Submandibular motion - Sublingual LARGE INTESTINE 2. PANCREAS Water and Na Ion absorption temporary LIVER / GALLBLADDER storage of fecal matter; Elimination. Metabolism of CHON, CHO, and FATS Parts: Secretes bile Ileocecal Valve Detoxifies various substances (drug Cecum and hormones) Appendix Vitamin metabolism – stores vit. A, B, Colon K, and B12 - Ascending - Transverse - Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anal canal, internal and external sphincter COMPONENTS OF LARGE INTESTINE: Bacteria, assist in completing the breakdown of the waste materials (undigested / unabsorbed proteins and bile salts) 2 TYPES OF COLONIC SECRETIONS: 1. Bicarbonate solution – to neutralize. 2. Mucus – protects the colonic mucosa. PERISTALSIS: Slow and weak – move the colonic components. Intermittent and strong propel contents for considerable distance. WASTE PRODUCT OF DIGESTION FECES consist of: Undigested food Inorganic materials Water Bacteria