Week 14 - Digestive System I (Anatomy) PDF

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I Zaitunnatakhin Zamli  Hadith Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: O people, Allah is Good and He therefore, accepts only that which is good. And Allah commanded the believers as He commanded the Mes...

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I Zaitunnatakhin Zamli  Hadith Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: O people, Allah is Good and He therefore, accepts only that which is good. And Allah commanded the believers as He commanded the Messengers by saying: "O Messengers, eat of the good things, and do good deeds; verily I am aware of what you do" (Al-Mukminun: 51). And He said: ‘O those who believe, eat of the good things that We gave you" (Al-Baqarah:172). He then made a mention of a person who travels widely, his hair dishevelled and covered with dust. He lifts his hand towards the sky (and thus makes the supplication): "O Lord, O Lord," whereas his diet is unlawful, his drink is unlawful, and his clothes are unlawful and his nourishment is unlawful. How can then his supplication be accepted? (Riwayat Muslim). Reference: Chapter 18 : Acceptance of Sadaqa by Honest Work and Its Growth. 3 Learning outcomes The student should be able to:  Describe the structures, location and functions of various organs of the digestive tract.  Describe the histology of selected organs of the digestive system. 4 INTRODUCTION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Organ that involves in ingestion and digestion of food, absorption of nutrient, and elimination of waste. Location ~ mostly in the abdominopelvic cavity ANATOMICALLY Digestive track or alimentary canal : - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine Accessory digestive organs: - teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas # Reading assignment: List the names of digestive organs in each region. Mouth / Oral Cavity 8 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Mouth STRUCTURE Cheeks - buccinator muscle Lips - orbicularis oris muscle Palate - hard and soft palate Tongue - skeletal muscle Oropharynx √ vestibule ~ a space between cheeks, lips and teeth √ oral cavity proper ~ a space bounded by hard and soft palate, teeth and gum, anterior 2/3 tongue, mucous membrane on mandible, and palatoglossal arch. Openings ~ oral fissure (anteriorly) and fauces (posteriorly)  Hard palate Soft palate Fauces Uvula Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch Palatine tonsil Tongue Lingual frenulum Gingiva Vestibule Labial frenulum Openings of submandibular ducts Oral cavity, anterior view  Hard palate Soft palate Nasal cavity Palatoglossal Pharyngeal tonsil arch Opening of parotid duct Upper lip Nasopharynx Cheek Uvula Palatine tonsil Lower lip Fauces Gingiva Palatopharyngeal arch Vestibule Oropharynx Lingual tonsil Body of tongue Epiglottis Hyoid bone Root of Laryngopharynx tongue Oral cavity, sagittal section 11 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Palate STRUCTURE Palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity Parts: - Hard palate – consists of palatine processes of the maxilla and the palatine bones; √ palatine ruggae - Soft palate – consists of skeletal muscle and glandular tissues; √ uvula Associated structures: - Palatoglossal arch - Palatopharyngeal arch - Palatine tonsils Pharynx 14 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Pharynx Esophagus 16 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Esophagus STRUCTURE Muscular tube, ~ 25 cm √ sphincters - upper and lower esophageal sphincters Location - in mediastinum, posterior to trachea - Origin – C6, End – T7 Associated structures: - Trachea - Thyroid glands - Pericardium - Major artery and vein Stomach 19 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Stomach STRUCTURE Muscular sac, J-shaped, dilated alimentary canal Location ~ quadrant ?, region ? Parts: - Cardiac – superior opening - Fundus – dome-shaped on the left of cardiac orifice - Body – large central portion - Pylorus - Antrum - Pyloric canal - Pyloric sphincter - Lesser and greater curvatures, gastric rugae (internally)  Esophagus Fundus Anterior surface Cardia Longitudinal muscle layer Left gastroepiploic Circular vessels muscle layer Lesser curvature Body Pylorlic (medial surface) sphincter Oblique muscle layer overlying mucosa Duodenum Rugae Greater curvature (lateral surface) Pyloric canal Pylorus Pyloric antrum 21 DIGESTIVE TRACT - Stomach STRUCTURE..cont. Associated structures: - Anteriorly o abdominal wall o left lung o diaphragm o left lobe of liver. - Posteriorly o diaphragm o spleen o left adrenal gland o pancreas o transverse colon Intestine Large and Small Intestines 23 DIGESTIVE TRACT – Small Intestine STRUCTURE Coiled, thin-wall tube, longest tube of alimentary canal Origins – pyloric sphincter; Ends – ileocecal junction Location - quadrant ?, region ? Parts: - Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum 24 DIGESTIVE TRACT – Small Intestine DUODENUM C-shaped, around the head of pancreas Origins – pyloric sphincter Ends – duodenojejunal flexture Mostly in R upper quadrant and retroperitoneal √ 4 parts  Common bile Pancreatic Lobules duct duct Tail of pancreas A Body of pancreas Accessory pancreatic duct Head of pancreas D Duodenal papilla Duodenum B C 26 DIGESTIVE TRACT – Small Intestine JEJUNUM 2/5 total length of small intestine (i.e. post- duodenal small intestine) Holds by mesentery proper, intraperitoneum. Coiled, runs from upper left to lower right quadrants, in umbilical regions 27 DIGESTIVE TRACT – Small Intestine ILEUM 3/5 total length of small intestine (i.e. post- duodenal small intestine) Holds by mesentery proper, intraperitoneum Mostly in R lower quadrant At ileocecal junction, √ ileocecal sphincter / valve  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN JEJUNUM AND ILEUM JEJUNUM ILEUM REGION Umbilical (mostly) Hypogastric or L upper quadrant or R lower quadrant WALL -Thick, >> muscular - Thin, > circular folds on internal - > vascular -