NCM 112 INTRO TO KIDNEY AND URINARY FUNCTION 2023.pdf

ASSESMENT OF KIDNEY AND URINARY FUNCTION PREPARED BY MRS. CARMELA ASURO, RN MAN  OVERVIEW OF URINARY SYSTEM Consist of 2 kidneys, 2 ureter, 1 urinary bladder and 1 urethra. After kidney filter the blood, they return most of the water and other soluter to the blood stream. The remaining wate...

ASSESMENT OF KIDNEY AND URINARY FUNCTION PREPARED BY MRS. CARMELA ASURO, RN MAN  OVERVIEW OF URINARY SYSTEM Consist of 2 kidneys, 2 ureter, 1 urinary bladder and 1 urethra. After kidney filter the blood, they return most of the water and other soluter to the blood stream. The remaining water (urine), passes through the ureters and is stored in the urinary bladder  FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY ✓Urine formation ✓Excretion of waste product ✓Regulations of electrolytes ✓Regulations of acid –base balance ✓Control of water balance ✓Control of blood pressure ✓Renal clearance ✓Regulations of re blood cell production ✓Synthesis of vitamin D to active form ✓Secretions of prostaglandin ✓Regulations of calcium and phophorous balance  STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY  Each kidney is enclosed in a renal capsule, which is surrounded by adipose tissue.  Internally, the kidneys consist of a renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, renal columns, major and minor calyces, and a renal pelvis.  Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and leaves through the renal vein. NEPHRON The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron About a million in each kidney Consist of 2 part: renal corpuscle, and renal tubule Renal corpuscle = glomerular (bowman’s capsule) glomerulus Renal tube Proximal convoluted tubules Nephron loop (descending & ascending) Distal convoluted tubules  FUNCTION OF NEPHRON Nephrons perform three basic tasks: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Together, the podocytes and glomerular endothelium form a leaky filtration membrane that permits the passage of water and solutes from the blood into the capsular space. Blood cells and most plasma proteins remain in the blood because they are too large to pass through the filtration membrane. The pressure that causes filtration is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.  FUNCTION OF NEPHRON Epithelial cells all along the renal tubules and collecting ducts carry out tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Tubular reabsorption retains substances needed by the body, including water, glucose, amino acids, and ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) , chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+). Tubular secretion discharges chemicals not needed by the body into the urine. Included are excess ions, nitrogenous wastes, hormones, and certain drugs. The kidneys help maintain blood pH by secreting H+. Tubular secretion also helps maintain proper levels of K+ in the blood https://www.khanacademy.or g/science/high-school- biology/hs-human-body- systems/hs-the-digestive- and-excretory- systems/v/how-do-our- kidneys-work Substances Filtered, Reabsorbed, and Excreted in Urine per Day Physical Characteristics of Normal Urine  FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY  Regulation of ions in blood  Sodium-Na+, potassium-K+, calcium-Ca2+, Cl-, phosphate HPO42-  Regulation of blood volume  adjust the volume of blood or eliminating it in the urine  Regulation of blood pH  Regulate by excrete a variable amount of H+ in the urine, conserve bicarbonate HCO3-  Production of hormones  Calcitrole- calcium homeostasis  Erythropoietin- production of RBC  Excretion of waste  Ammonia and urea- amino acid  Creatinine- creatinine phosphate  Drugs ect FOLLOW THIS LINK AND LEARN MORE ABOUT THE KIDNEY: https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=561694184&rlz=1C1SQJL_enUS840US840&h l=en&sxsrf=AB5stBiQ5NTS1mg50GCLeJ2JjLTyiL1K8w:1693511615568&q=Khan+Academ y+kidney+function+and+anatomy&uds=H4sIAAAAAAAA_- NK4uLxzkjMU3BMTkxJza0UUkvMSyzJz61UyE9TKMlIVcjOTMlLrVRIzEtRyCwpVkgrzUsuycz PM2As0kDWB1MHkwdrgBoFAPKBBsNkAAAA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGi5Oy1oeBAxVBxD gGHUwKDAsQxKsJegQICxAB&ictx=0&biw=1098&bih=511&dpr=1.75#fpstate=ive&vld=c id:df2dab31,vid:ctGkLYuUCvU  URETERS The ureters transport urine from the renal pelves of the right and left kidneys to the urinary bladder 10 to 12 in long diameter from 1-10 mm The urinary bladder is posterior to the pubic symphysis the shape of urinary bladder depends on how much urine is contain. when empty, it look like a deflated balloon Capacity ~700-800 ml Smaller in female because, uterus occupies the space superior to the urinary bladder Toward the base of urinary bladder, the ureter drains into the urinary bladder via the ureteral opening and expels urine into the urethra (Micturation) Micturation – involves both voluntary and involutary muscles.  URETHRA The terminal portion of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body. In both male and female, the urethra is the passageway for discharging urine from the body. The male urethra also serves as the duct through which semen is ejaculated. PREPARE FOR A QUIZ!!