The Reformation Midterm Exam Answers PDF

**[The Reformation]** **[Multiple Choice]** 1. Which German priest started the Reformation? a. John Calvin b. Henry VIII c. Pope Paul III d. Martin Luther 2\. Luther\'s criticism of the Catholic Church was called what? a. Criticism of the Catholic Church b. 95 Theses c. 101 Problem...

**[The Reformation]** **[Multiple Choice]** 1. Which German priest started the Reformation? a. John Calvin b. Henry VIII c. Pope Paul III d. Martin Luther 2\. Luther\'s criticism of the Catholic Church was called what? a. Criticism of the Catholic Church b. 95 Theses c. 101 Problems with Catholics d. Chicken Soup for the Catholic Soul 3\. Which of the following is not a cause of the Reformation? a. Monarchs and states gained power. b. Renaissance ideas c. Political climate in Europe d. Technological innovations 4\. Which of the following best helped Martin Luther\'s ideas reach other parts of Europe? a. The Bible b. The printing press c. Church Hierarchy d. The Diet of Worms 5\. In his attempt to reform the Catholic Church, what did Martin Luther do? a. Bought a certificate of indulgence to be pardoned. b. Helped Pope Leo X rebuild St. Peter\'s Basilica in Rome. c. Prepared a list of 95 arguments against indulgences. d. Decided to become a lawyer. 6\. Martin Luther\'s main complaint was against what? a. Inquisitions b. Indulgences c. The Bible d. Ice Cream 7\. Fill in the blank. Luther believed that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was how people would end up in heaven. a. Faith b. Indulgences c. Good deeds d. Going to church 8\. What historical invention allowed Reformers like Martin Luther to reach a large audience and challenge the Church? a. Train b. Plane c. Internet d. Printing press 9\. What is excommunication? a. You are kicked out of the church, typically barred from participating in religious ceremonies. a. You are put on trial, tortured, and given a choice to convert or die. b. You can pay money to have your sins forgiven: ticket to heaven. c. You are brought up on criminal charges, accusing you of going against approved teachings/beliefs. 10\. Which one of these was a political effect of the reformation? a. Protestant churches flourished and new denominations developed. b. The Roman Catholic Church itself became more unified c. Individual monarchs and states gained power. d. King Henry VIII breaks ties with the Catholic Church and starts the Church of England. **[Primary Source Excerpt:]** \*\"95. And yet the pope does not intend to grant, nor does he have the power to grant, full forgiveness of any punishment, except for those reserved to himself. 96. Therefore, those who preach that a soul released from purgatory is automatically released from all punishment are in error. 97. Therefore, it is wrong to say that a full or partial indulgence can be granted in advance for future sins. 98. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has a share in the forgiveness of sins and in the participation of the fruits of Christ's passion. 99. It is impossible for anyone to grant an indulgence to another person.\" **Questions** 1. What are Luther\'s main criticisms of the Catholic Church in these theses? 2 points **Answer:Luther criticized the Church\'s practice of selling indulgences, its teaching on purgatory, and its claim to grant forgiveness of sins.** 2. How do Luther\'s ideas challenge the authority of the Catholic Church? 2 points **Answer:Luther\'s theses challenge the authority of the Pope and the Church\'s teachings, asserting that individuals can have a direct relationship with God through faith alone.** 3. What might have been the consequences of Luther\'s criticisms? 2 points **Answer: Luther\'s criticisms led to a religious schism and the formation of the Protestant Reformation.** 4. How did the printing press contribute to the spread of Luther\'s ideas? 2 points **Answer: The printing press allowed for the rapid dissemination of Luther\'s writings, making his ideas accessible to a wider audience.** 5. How might these theses have influenced the development of modern European society? 2 points **Answer: Luther\'s criticisms of the Catholic Church helped to undermine its authority and led to a more secular and individualistic society.** [Google Form](https://forms.gle/wUjopx25DceC5YUp6) **[Renaissance ]** 1. What does the word \"Renaissance\" mean? a. Rebirth b. Stagnation c. Traditional d. A Latin term for art 2. Which of the following is associated with Humanism? a. the ideas of the middle ages b. the ideas of Greece & Rome c. the ideas of ancient China d. the ideas of ancient India 3. Where did the Renaissance begin? a. Italy b. France c. England d. Germany 4. Which of the following is **NOT** a reason why the Renaissance began in Italy? a. Wealthy Italian patrons supported the arts b. Cultural diffusion encouraged curiosity and spread Arab and African ideas c. The Black Plague did not hit Italy as a result of the Alps d. Renewed interest in the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome 5. What provided the major economic support for the Renaissance? Select all that apply a. wealthy patrons b. church officials c. government grants d. kings competing for prestige 6. There was a person that could dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. What do we call the person? a. Noble man b. Peasant man c. Renaissance man d. Superman 7. Which of these statements describes a change brought about by the Renaissance? a. Society was dominated by the church. b. Society began to value individualism. c. Society was focused on warfare. d. Society was dominated by lords. 8. Which family ran Italy during the renaissance? a. The Medici family b. The Auditore family c. The Da vinci family d. The Elizabeth family 9\. A major reason the Renaissance began in Italy, was the \_\_\_\_\_ there became wealthy. a. city-states b. artists c. Church d. flying buttresses 10\. \"I have made a lot of money in business. I will hire an artist to paint my wife\'s portrait.\" a. I\'m an artist b. I\'m a priest c. I\'m a patron d. I\'m a lord [Google Form](https://forms.gle/xyCm1oYjYFu3mTiV7) **[Japanese Isolation]** 1. What event in 1637 led to the ruthless persecution of Christians in Japan? a. Introduction of firearms b. Battle of Sekigahara c. Uprising of 30,000 peasants d. Arrival of Dutch traders 2\. What policy, implemented in 1639, sealed Japan\'s borders and restricted foreign trade? a. Firearms Regulation Policy b. Open Door Policy c. Closed Country Policy d. Trade Expansion Policy 3\. How long did Japan remain closed to Europeans during its isolation period? a. 50 years b. 100 years c. 200 years d. 300 years 4\. What policy did Tokugawa Ieyasu implement to tame the daimyo and ensure a centralized government in Japan? a. Closed Country Policy b. Alternate Attendance Policy c. Christian Conversion Policy d. Firearms Regulation Policy 5\. What major step did Tokugawa Ieyasu take toward restoring centralized government in Japan? a. Embracing European ideas b. Eliminating the daimyo system c. Instituting a closed country policy d. Enforcing the rule of law over the rule of the sword 6\. What was the major economic impact of the introduction of firearms in Japan? a. Increase in agricultural production b. Rise of the merchant class c. Decline of samurai influence d. Expansion of artisan communities 7\. What type of poetry became popular in Tokugawa Japan? a. Sonnets b. Haiku c. Epic poems d. Limericks 8\. Who was the brutal and ambitious leader who defeated rivals and seized the imperial capital Kyoto in 1568? a. Tokugawa Ieyasu b. Oda Nobunaga c. Toyotomi Hideyoshi d. Francis Xavier 9\. What major step did Tokugawa Ieyasu take toward restoring centralized government in Japan? a. Embracing European ideas b. Eliminating the daimyo system c. Instituting a closed country policy d. Enforcing the rule of law over the rule of the sword 10\. What policy, implemented in 1639, sealed Japan\'s borders and restricted foreign trade? a. Firearms Regulation Policy b. Open Door Policy c. Closed Country Policy d. Trade Expansion Policy [Google Form](https://forms.gle/gPrrkmqtV8mp5ehK6) **[Spanish Conquest of Mexico]** 1. Why did the conquistadors come to the Americas? a. To spread diseases b. To explore new lands, search for gold and spread the Catholic religion c. To search for gold d. None of the above a. Fernando de Magallanes b. Francisco Pizarro c. Hernán Cortés a. Calicuchima b. Huayna Capac c. Montezuma a. They were true friends b. They kidnapped and killed him c. They exchanged ideas d. They made him rich a. Better weapons and armors b. Animals for war that didn\'t exist in America c. Alliances with the enemies of the empires d. Epidemics e. All of the above a. ally b. circumnavigator c. conquistador d. Entrepreneur a. Cruise ships b. Canoe c. Caravels d. Vessels [**Google Form**](https://forms.gle/8tq2S7yoCUz6WeB27) **[Atlantic Slave Trade]** 1. How many Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic against their will? a. 2 million b. 6 million c. 4 million d. 15-20 million 2\. What were the conditions like below deck for the enslaved people during the Middle Passage? a. Highly ventilated and spacious b. cramped, crowded, and filthy c. Clean and sanitary d. Separate compartments for each individual 3\. What happened to enslaved people who refused to eat their meal? a. They were force fed b. They were given a different meal c. They were left alone d. They were given a lighter punishment 4\. What were the new crops grown in the colonies that demanded slave labor? a. sugar cane, cotton, tobacco b. sugar, cotton, wheat c. cotton, wheat, corn 5\. The greatest numbers of African slaves were brought to a. North America b. Caribbean c. Europe d. The Mediterranean Region 6\. North American colonies received about \_\_\_\_\_\_ of African slaves. a. 5% b. 50% c. 33% d. 20% 7\. Which former slave wrote a bestselling book detailing the horrific experiences of slaves? a. Thomas Peters b. Nzinga Mbemba c. Sunni Ali d. Olaudah Equiano 8. Image Some slaves decided to jump overboard and drowned instead of remaining on the slave ship. a. True b. False 9.  How did the Atlantic Slave Trade effect Africa\'s future? a. Africa\'s economy collapsed b. Africa\'s villages ceased to exist c. Africa\'s population increased d. Africans would be seen as equals to Europeans 10. Image The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas was called the -? a. Middle Passage b. Triangular Trade c. Atlantic Slave Trade d. The Bermuda Triangle 11\. How many Africans did not make the trip across the Atlantic? a. about 20% b. about 30% c. about 40% 12\. Enslaved Africans experienced horrific conditions during which part of their journey? a. Arrival in the Americas b. Capture in Africa c. Middle Passage d. Life in the colonies 13\. Which European country was one of the first to engage in the Atlantic Slave Trade? a. Germany b. Portugal c. Italy d. Sweden 14\. What was one major effect of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African societies? a. Industrialization b. Economic prosperity c. Population loss d. Political stability 15.  Given the extreme conditions on plantations, what was the life expectancy of a slave? a. lower than average b. average c. higher than average 16\. When did the Atlantic Slave Trade begin? a. 1400s b. 1500s c. 1600s d. 1700s 17\. How did the African kings view the Africans they sold? a. criminals, debtors, prisoners of war b. fellow Africans c. cannibals 18\. The triangular trade involved which three regions? a. Europe, Asia, and Africa b. Europe, Africa, and the Americas c. Africa, the Americas, and Australia d. Europe, North America, and South America 19\. Which of the following was a form of resistance to slavery? a. running away b. taking care of the children c. serving in the fields d. helping out the plantation owners 20\. What was the main purpose of enslaving Africans in the Americas? a. Industrial labor b. Military service c. Agricultural labor d. Domestic service [Google Form](https://forms.gle/oXubmrVhnkJLd1hf8) **[The Columbian Exchange]** 1. Image What came from the New World? (select all that apply) a. Maize (Corn) b. Potatoes c. Tomatoes d. Turkeys e. Cocoa (Chocolate) 2\. What animal, introduced by the Europeans, changed life for the Native American Indians? a. pigs b. chickens c. horses d. cows 3.Which of the following describes the Columbian Exchange? a. The exchange of people, plants, animals, diseases and ideas from Old World to New World and from New World to Old World b. The sending of people, plants, animals, diseases and ideas from the Old World to New World only c. The sending of people, plants, animals, diseases and ideas from the New World to Old World only d. The sending of people, plants, animals, diseases and ideas from South America to North America only 4. a. Llamas are from the\... b. New World c. Old World 5\. Due to the Columbian Exchange, agricultural production increased in both the New and Old World. a. True b. False 6\. Smallpox, influenza, and measles were Old World diseases introduced to the Native Americans. a. True b. False 7\. What two people groups were most negatively affected by the Columbian Exchange? a. Natives Americans and Africans b. Africans and Europeans c. Asians and Europeans d. Asians and Native Americans 8\. Exploration led to an exchange of a. People b. Animals c. Religion d. Plants 9\. The Columbian Exchange changed the lives of people in a. China b. Europe c. Australia d. America 10\. Europeans turned to African slaves after American Indians died off from diseases like smallpox, measles, and malaria. a. True b. False 11\. What animal changed life for American Indians? a. pigs b. chickens c. horses d. cows 12. Image Where are potatoes originally from? a. Old World b. New World 13.  Where is this food originally from? a. Old World b. New World c. Both 14\. Who was the Columbian Exchange named after? a. Ferdinand Magellan b. Amerigo Vespucci c. Leif Erikson d. Christopher Columbus 15\. What was not a negative impact of the Columbian Exchange on the environment? a. Loss of biodiversity b. Increased pollution c. Deforestation d. European nations became wealthy. **[The Scientific Revolution]** 1. What does heliocentric mean? A. The earth is at the center of the universe B. The sun is at the center of the universe C. The earth rotates D. The earth has gravity 2\. What is the scientific method? A. a procedure for scientists to follow when coming up with new scientific theories B. a period in the late 1500s in Europe when European thinkers created the scientific method C. the period in Europe from 1600-1800 that emphasized science and reason over religious tradition D. the belief that religion and science can coexist 3\. Seventeenth-century scholars faced serious challenges to their scientific theories because their ideas A. were based on the Bible B. relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures C. were not supported by scientific investigations D. contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs 8\. Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate? A. The existence of natural laws was rejected B. Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe C. New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy D. The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings 4\. Thinkers of the Scientific Revolution promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on A. emotions and feelings B. the experiences of past civilizations C. the teachings of the church D. experimentation and observation 5\. The geocentric theory A. proposed the Moon was the center of the universe B. proposed the Sun was the center of the universe C. proposed the Earth was the center of the universe D. proposed the Sun was not a star 6\. \_\_\_\_\_ was the first to turn the telescope to the sky and examine the moon's surface A. Galileo B. Copernicus C. Kepler D. Newton 7\. What was the accepted view of the Universe before Copernicus introduced his theory? A. Earth was the center of the universe, Sun spun around Earth B. Earth and Sun revolved around Moon C. Earth and Sun revolved around each other D. Sun was the center of the universe, Earth spun around Sun 8\. Who created the heliocentric theory? A. Copernicus B. Galileo C. Ptolemy D. Kepler 9\. Who created the geocentric theory? A. Galileo\'s Cat B. Ptolemy C. Copernicus D. Galileo 10\. Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued A. That heaven did not exist B. That Earth revolves around the sun C. Against the law of gravity D. That the sun revolved around the Earth 11\. The Scientific Revolution challenged many medieval ideas about science. All of the following were astronomers during the Scientific Revolution except \_\_. A. Nicolaus Copernicus B. Ptolemy C. Galileo Galilei D. Johannes Kepler [**Google Form**](https://forms.gle/7y3xsuUMxBnxa5Hn9) **[Enlightenment Thinkers]** 1. Who believed that people had \"natural rights?\" A. Locke B. Voltaire C. Rousseau D. joint-stock companies 2\. Who believed the common good was greater than the individual? A. Locke B. Voltaire C. Rousseau 3.who defended freedom of speech and religion? A. Locke B. Voltaire C. Rousseau 4. Image Who believed in a social contract between the people and the government in which people gave up some freedom in order to have their rights protected? A. Voltaire B. Montesquieu C. Rousseau D. Hobbes 5.  Who believed the government should protect a person\'s three natural rights: life, liberty, and property? A. Rousseau B. Beccaria C. Wollstonecraft D. Locke 6\. Who believed in a separation of powers as a way to provide checks and balances? A. Montesquieu B. Rousseau C. Hobbes D. Voltaire 7. Image Thomas Hobbes believed that all humans are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. pure and innocent B. selfish and wicked 8\. Who believed in a social contract between the people and the government in which people gave up some freedom in order to have their rights protected? A. Voltaire B. Montesquieu C. Rousseau D. Hobbes 9\. Why did Thomas Hobbes believe that people needed to be governed by a ruler with absolute power? A. because the ruler will share the power with the people B. because there would be \"war\...of every man against every man\" C. because legislators could \"not make good laws\...or any other\" D. because monarchs could not enforce laws themselves 10.  This image is most closely related to which thinker? A. Voltaire B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Montesquieu [**Google Form**](https://forms.gle/JggKFzPHiUUM61Dr8)