History Exam U12 PDF

History Exam Long answer possibility 1.​ Renaissance (i think) 2.​ Reformation (i think) 3.​ Absolutism (louis or peter) Make sure you know sub parts (military economics personalities) 4.​ Scientific revolution and enlightenment thinkers (know half a dozen of the Big name) 5.​...

History Exam Long answer possibility 1.​ Renaissance (i think) 2.​ Reformation (i think) 3.​ Absolutism (louis or peter) Make sure you know sub parts (military economics personalities) 4.​ Scientific revolution and enlightenment thinkers (know half a dozen of the Big name) 5.​ 3 enlightened despotism (know what they did and how it reflects the enlightenment) 6.​ French revolution and napoleonic era 1789-18157-> 7 french 3 -> Napoleon 7.​ Industrial Revolution -> pros, cons, responses, resistance 8.​ Nationalism 9.​ WW1 WW2 & Cold War On paper Try to recall where he zeroed in during unit tests -> long questions and definitions Very close mirror to unit tests 70 marks total Exam format -​ 2 hours (can stay 15 mins) -​ Part A is multi triple chose -​ 30 questions 30 marks -> slightly easier -​ People on multiple choice -> same people -​ broader questions -> reformation absolutism, despotism -​ multiple chose publications and famous quotes -​ art styles and isms​ -​ part B definitions -​ 18 def in a word bank chose 5 -​ big topics -​ impactful -​ Part C -​ Long answers 9 but chose 3 of them -​ 8 out of 9 of them are word for word from unit tests -​ except for nine Long answer big 6 reminders Significance Evidence POVS Turning points Cause & consequence Change & continuity ACTIVE RECALL Late Middle Ages and Renniancess -​ The church is at the top of everything under that is the king, then nobles, then MErchants farmers/craftsmen and peasants at the very bottom. -​ The church offers salvation ‘light’ in time of war, and illness -​ Everyone was isolate bc of illness and war church was a gather point there was wasn't knew idea because of isolation. -​ Everyone was very suspicious -> witches charms potions -​ No medicine at the time everything was done naturally through prayers potions etc -​ No knowledge of health -​ Printing press came out and the bible was able to be recreated quicker -​ MArtin Luther did not like that you had to pay to go to church he believed that in order to go to heaven you had to believe in god and follow his word. -​ He started to bring this to churches and they did not like this -​ Martin pointed out that some times priests would spread false information -​ To this Lutheranism came about and so did different interpretations of the bible. -​ Everything is god's will -> if you die, if you're poor -​ John calvin (calvinism) you determine your salvation -​ Everything was a treaty to give unofficial allowance for religions and each state determined one religion to represent them. Before there was a lot of violence between English reformation: -​ Henry 8th married Cathorine of aragon but they are unable to have a son -​ england is very catholic (henry) and Spain is protestant (catherine) -​ Henry is scared that he will not have an heir, so he tries to convince the pope to allow him to remarry but the pope says no. Instead he calls the supreme court and declares himself the head of church and state. This was called the act of supremacy. Him and Catherine have one daughter, her name is mary. During this time Herney liked ann of Balin. Henry comes up with his own religion (Englandism) He grants himself a divorce. -​ Henry also passes the acc of succession which allows a female to rulew the throne. Henery ends up having a son, but they locked him away to make sure nothing bad happened to him so he had a bad immune system. Therefore he ends up dying. -​ Mary takes the throne and is known as bloody mary she was against the english reformation and tries to undo everything her father did and restore catholicism. Due to this she had harsh religious policies causing the name bloody mary. -​ Jesuits were also trying to restore catholicism. Book burning and threats were said. Damage to indigenous communities -​ Elithabeth I is next to the throne. She is seen as weak because she’s a women. -​ Elithabeth is Protestant and she wanted England to be Protestant. Age of religious Wars:  -​ Catholics wanted to unit, protestants wanted the right to exist -​ Crown wanted their nation to be unified -​ Both religions were supposed to meet but instead the catholics ambushed the protestants -​ Henry IV creates the edicts of nantes which allows for religious freedom -​ Ann Boleyn's daughter elizabeth that’s the throne. -​ she finished converting england back to catholicism -​ She called up her nobility to help her out. This did are her weak, but strengthened her because she manipulated them. -​ At the time Spain wanted the throne, so they used most of their money to create the Spanish armada. England instead, had lots of tinier ships. So they ended u taking down the Spanish armada. -​ Treaty of westphalia -> Calvinism and lutheranism are internal religions (protestant and catholic) Absolutism -​ Charles is on the throne with a lot of debt due to queen elizabeth. Elizabeth was very close with parliament but Charles did not want their help. Parliament doesn’t like being told what to do, they want to be asked. He needed the parliament to raise money. Oliver Crumwell leads those who support parliament. Urban areas supported parliament rural areas supported king. -​ legeslation gets passed kings needs parliament support to raise an army, freedom of religion. -​ Louis XIV comes to throne and at the time everyone believed that the sun was the centre of the universe. Louis was very egotistical and therefor called himself the sun king. He also believed that he was a representative of god. He decided that he would replace his nobility with with middle class civiallsns. He was very superstitious and didn’t trust the nobles. The nobles had enough money and they did not necessarily need Louis. The middle class civilians were more than happy to step up as they needed the money making them more loyal to Louis. They worshiped him and treated him with an immense amount of respect, bowing to him and kissing his feet. lead the group that supports parliament. -​ Mercantilism: putting colonies overseas, to support the mother country. Independence economy is important to create a power country. They converted indigenous peoples, during this. Created by John Baptist. -​ Refocus indicts of knots and and pushes catholicism -​ becomes head of military, doesn’t let nobles run anything -​ grows military as well Feudal System: structure of society,the pope and king were at the top, then nobles, then, knights than workers (farmers) then peasants Renaissance: Rebirth, after the Middle Ages. New ideas, new inventions focus on humanism and ou place in gods plan. Thomas More: humanist. He refused King Henry VIII as head of church and was beheaded. Against Martin Luther. Printing Press: important as it leads to the spread of ideas. Bibles were able to be printed faster literacy Martin Luther: published 95 thesis against the church.salvation is achieved through faith. Everyone should read the bible for themselves. Protestant. Act of Supremacy Henry VI: act of supremacy established king as supreme head of the Church of England, ending authority of the catholic pope. Marked English reformation. He wanted to become head of church because his wife could not give him a male heir so he became head of the church to grant himself a divorce as previously the pope said no. Edict of Nantes: Granting religious tolerance in France. Concluded French religious wars. Treaty of Westphalia: rights of both catholic and protestants. Concluded 30 years war Mercantilism: Creating colonies overseas to benefit the mother country. Maximizing export, and minimizing imports. Copernicus: proposed a heliocentric model of the Solar system (planets revolve around the sun) Deism: supreme being created the universe then left it to operate on It’s own through natural law. Hobbes: social contract Baroque: decorated and elaborate. Movement and drama. Whites sing a rap event Seven Years War: global conflict, between Britain and France and other European powers, and indigenous allies. North American land claims. Salons: gathering to discuss art literature politics etc. 15th-19th century. Women would invite well known philosophers. To share ideas. Educate women. Voltaire: freedom of speech and religion. Rousseau: social contract 3"' Estate: vast majority heavy taxes Edmund Burke: revolutions -> father of conservatism September Massacres: series of executions of prisoners in Paris. Part of the French Revolution. driven by fear and paranoia. revolutionist are freaking out. Hunting down people who were anti-revolutionary. Jacobins take control. Reign of Terror: people who opposed the French Revolution were executed. Girondists and jacobins. Scorched-Earth Policy Romanticism: nature, emotion Bastille Robespierre Great Fear Directory Napoleonic Code: laws that set to modernize and unify France. Rights of man. Women were not included. Progress still in affect today. Hundred Days: Napoleons return to Paris Thomas Malthus: overpopulation Hundred Years War: Armed conflict between England and France over the French throne. French long bow. French won. Jon of Arc: god spoke to her. She unified France, led them to victory. Handed over to English and english stopped fighting. Machiavelli: renaissance political philosopher seize power. Humanism: renaissance movement, being a good citizen. Peace of Augsburg: legal rights to both lutefisk and Catholics Catholic Reformation: 16th 17th century. To restore Catholicism S.t Bartholomew's Day Massacre: catholic mobs killed protestants. Convinced people to convert to catholicism. Glorious Revolution: overthrowing king James II and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England. Established parliament as the ruling power of England. Absolute monarch to constitutional monarchy. Created a power balance between parliament and the crown. Newton: laws of motion and gravity Descartes: cartisent plane Mannerism: distortion, complex, flattening renaissance. War of Spanish Succession: After King Charles II died, the Spanish throne was empty. English and Dutch didn’t want France to rule, because they feared France would become too powerful. Neoclassicism: heroism, sacrifice details story Adam Smith: father of modern economics Tennis Court Oath: French Revolution. Representatives from the 3rd estate swore to remain united until France had a constitution. Lead to the topping of King Louis XVi Civil Constitution of the Clergy: gave the French government control over the Catholic Church. 1790 Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen: 1789 French Revolution. Enlighten ideals. End of feudal system. Committee of Public Safety Continental System Congress System: series of meeting between European powers to resolve conflicts 1815. Utilitarianism: Black Death: killed many. 1300. Castiglione: humanist. Book of courtier Erasmus: humanist John Calvin: developed Calvinism. god chose who would be saved. Protestant reformation. Spanish Armada: 1588 Spanish King Philip II to invade England. Wanted to overthrow Queen Elizabeth. It was defeated. Elizzy I had lots of tiny strong ships and King Philp used all apps Ian econies money to build the armada. 30 Years War: 1618 started due to religious freedoms. English Civil War: cause: religion and the kings use of power. Parliamentary victory. Decline in feudalism. Trail and eduction of Charles I. Leadership of Oliver Cromwell. Set stage for glorious revolution Galileo: astronomer -> solar system Bacon: scientific method Locke: laid groundwork for enlightenment -> liberalism War of Austrian Succession: Fredrick II of Prussia and defeate Austrians Rococo: curves, Montesquieu: French enlightment thinkers. Enlightened Despotism: combined absolute monarchy with enlightenment ideals. They were absolute monarchs who used their power to improve the live of their citizens. Fredrick II (the great) PRussia, Peter I, Catherine II, Maria Thresa. Robert Owen Saint-Simon John Stuart Mil Restoration 3Emperors League Opium Wars: Chinese peasants were addicted to opium and heroin. British would sell. Trading with China. Lots of people, lots of customers. US and Britain wins. Realpolitik Cavour Crimean War: wants access to warm water port. Russia's port is freezing. Through the Middle East. They were fighting with ottomans. Allies against Russia. Russia lost. Ended with treaty of Paris limit russias power. Mass Politics Realism: real life, honest work, working class detail natural colours. Rejects fantasies. Imperialism: expansion of European powers. Driven by economic powers. Access to raw materials. Extending political and military power over territories. Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy 1882-1915 Black Hand Gallipoli Brusilov Offensive Russian Revolution: political and social change. Russia struggled economically, after WW1. Government corruption. Fascism: extreme nationalism, militarism Symbolism Nuremburg Laws Appeasement Miracle at Dunkirk: France WW2, evacuation of allied soldiers from the bleachers of Dunkirk. Battle of Stalingrad Operation Overlord Nuremburg Trials Cold War: tension between the United States and Soviet union. Political, economic, propaganda. Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Fall of Berline wall. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Military alliance between countries in Europe and North America. Established in 1949. Protect freedom and security of its members. Korean War Vietnam War European Union War on Terror: military campaign led by United States after September 11 2001 terrorist attacks. Global Warming Carlsbad Decrees Poor Laws Nationalism: devotion and loyalty to ones nation Bismarck Austro-Prussian War: Ottovan von Bismarck. Dreyfus Affair: Social Darwinism: people become powerful in society because they are naturally better. Improve the human race. Nature decides. Scramble for Africa: Britain and France. European colonization. Dived up Africa without the knowledge of the indigenous peoples living there. Triple Entente: Russia, France, Great Britain 1904. Allied powers in WW1. Germany was threatened Schlieffen Plan: German military strategy for fight WW1 against Russia and France. Battle of the Somme: WW1 British and French against Germany. one of the largest and bloodies battles in ww1. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5 Year Plans: Joesph Stalin, Soviet Union. industrial development, rapidly transforming the country into industrial powers. Forced labor. March on Rome: rise of Benito Mussolini’s fascist party to power. Fascist supporters, Black shirts marched on Rome. Enabling Act: German Cabinet the power to make laws without the approval of the reichstag to the president. Part of Adolf Hitlers plan. Munich Agreement Battle of Britain: WW2 air campaign. Zazi Germany first major defeat. Rape of Nanking: Japanese army forces brutally murdered hundreds of thousands of people the city of Nanjing. Women and geeks were assaulted. Final Solution: Nazi- plan for the systematic genocide. During WW2. Final solution to the Jewish question” 6 million Jews died. plan too exterminate the Jewish population. Jews were deported to concentration camps. Mass spotting, gas-chambers, forced labour, starvation, experiments. United Nations: international organization that works to maintain international peace and security. 1945 after WW2 Truman Doctrine Cuban Missile Crisis: 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. This Crisis brought the world close to nuclear war. Soviet Union Secretly placed a misleading in Cuba which word reach most US cities. John F Kennedy demanded the mile to be removed but the soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev refused. Us and SU reached an agreement where soviet would dismantle their missiles in Cuba in evangelist for the US not invading Cuba again. Achievement for Kennedy. Decolonization: Process of dismantling colonialism. Israel Financial Crisis: Feminism: gender equality Metternich Factory Act Revolutions of 1848 Danish War Franco-Prussian War: conflict between france and the North German Confederation, led by Prussia. Resulted in the unification of Germany and the end of France’s dominance in continental Europe. Impressionism: light, thoughts, dream-like. Communist Manifesto: workers should support the overthrow of the capitalist system. Capitalism will bring about its own destruction. Writen by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels. Russo-Japanese War: Reinsurance Treaty Battle of Verdun Batle of Tannenburg Treaty of Versailles: peace agreement signed that ended WW1. Sucked for Germany. Gulags Expressionism Night of the Long Knives Nazi-Soviet: tweety signed between nazi-Germany and Soviet Union. Agree to not attack each other. Eventually Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Allowed Germany to invade Poland without Soviet intervention. Pact Operation Barbarossa Battle of Midway Manhattan Project: top secret WW2 effort to develop the first atomic bomb. US, UK and canada. Intro to new nuclear weapons. Initial the nuclear arm race between US and SU. Advancement in science and tech. Warsaw Pact Berlin Blockade: Soviet Union blocked all land rail and water access to Berlin (which was controlled by western allies). In response to the blockade the western allies Chinese Revolution German Reunification Soviet-Afghan War Information Age Jacobins: ultra ANTIrevolutionary Girondin: ultra revolutionary Napoleon: chose the military at a young age. Military strength. Win a lot of wars, but also failed a lot. Came back stronger. Concordat: Napoleon gets to pick the pope that’s in France pays the clergy so French gets to pick who’s head of church. Battle of Nile: Egypt -> fighting Britain and failed. Battle of trafalgar; napo winds Continental system: Napoleons and his allies with Russia to cut Russia off. Russia withdrew starting napoleons Russian campaign. Russian Campaign: Russia burned everything so Napoleon's army would die. Russia is very cold. Birth of Austria-Hungary: Marxism: Karl Marx. Imperialism: establishing and enforcing the rule of a nation on an outside country. Extending a nation's power by obtaining land.