MWD Unit-1.pdf

Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 B.Tech. (Artificial Intelligence & Data Science) SEM. 1 1SAKN01 Multimedia and Web Designing [L-3, T-0, C-3] Unit I Introduction and Multimedia Data Represe...

Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 B.Tech. (Artificial Intelligence & Data Science) SEM. 1 1SAKN01 Multimedia and Web Designing [L-3, T-0, C-3] Unit I Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations: Introduction to Multimedia, Components of Multimedia, Multimedia: Past and Present Early History of Multimedia, Hypermedia, Multimedia in the New Millennium, Multimedia Software Tools, Multimedia in the Future. Question Set Define Multimedia? Explain characteristics of multimedia; also explain various applications of Multimedia. Explain components of multimedia and how they are used in diverse ways? What is Multimedia and Hypermedia? Explain the most commonly used hypermedia application? [or explain www] Explain in brief about the evolution of multimedia Explain HTML and XML? Explain in brief about XML and list down XML file components? What are the different categories of multimedia software tools? What is graphics and image editing? What are the software tools available for graphics and image editing? List and explain software tools available for music sequencing, video editing and animation? “Thesedays most of us carry a fully functional multimedia studio around in our smartphones” Author, Austin Kleon PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 1 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 1 Define Multimedia? Explain characteristics of multimedia; also explain various applications of Multimedia. OR Using your own words, describe what is “multimedia”? Is multimedia simply a collection of different types of media? Answer: Multimedia: The word multimedia comes from the Latin words multus which means numerous and media which means middle or center. Multimedia therefore means multiple intermediaries or multiple means.  Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed, or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance.  Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is a combination of following elements/Components.  Text (e.g. books, letters, newspapers)  Images and graphics (e.g. photographs, charts, maps, logos, sketches)  Sound (e.g. radio, gramophone records and audio cassettes)  Video and animation (e.g. TV, video cassettes and motion pictures) PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 2 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 Characteristics of Multimedia Presentations 1. Multiple media 2. Non-linearity 3. Scope of Interactivity 4. Integrity 5. Digital Representation 1. MULTIPLE MEDIA: o Multiple Media may be described as transmission media using more than one type of transmission path (e.g., optical fiber, radio, and copper wire) to deliver information. o In addition to text, pictures are also started being used to communicate ideas. o Pictures are sub-divided into two types.  A real-world picture captured by a camera is called images.  A hand-drawn picture like sketches, diagrams and portraits called graphics. o Text, images and graphics are together referred to as static elements, because they do not change overtime. With further improve in technology, time varying elements like sound and movies were used. Movies are again divided into two classes. They are  Motion Pictures  Animation 2. NON-LINEARITY: In a multimedia presentation the user can instantly navigate to different parts of the presentation and display the frames in any way, without appreciable delay, due to which it is called a non-linear presentation. o Non-Linearity is the capability of jumping or navigating from within a presentation with one point without appreciable delay. o Traditionally, TV shows and motion pictures are considered linear presentation because the user or viewer has to watch the information being prescribed. The user cannot modify the content. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 3 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 o Note that the difference between linear and non-linear is blurring as time goes by. 3. SCOPE OF INTERACTIVITY: o The term rich media is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Interactive media works with the user's participation. The media still has the same purpose but the user's input adds the interaction and brings interesting features to the system for a better enjoyment. o Using computers and educational computer software in a learning environment helps children increase communication skills and their attitudes about learning. Interactive media is helpful in these four development dimensions in which young children learn: o social and emotional, o language development, o cognitive and general knowledge, and o Approaches toward learning. o Interactive media makes technology more intuitive to use. Interactive products such as smartphones, iPad's/iPod's, interactive whiteboards and websites are all easy to use. The easy usage of these products encourages consumers to experiment with their products rather than reading instruction manuals. 4. INTEGRITY: An important characteristic of a multimedia presentation is integrity. This means that although there may be several media types present and playing simultaneously, they need to be integrated or be part of a single entity which is the presentation. o It should not be able to separate out the various media and control them independently; rather they should be controlled from within the frame work of the presentation. Moreover, the presentation should decide how the individual elements can be controlled. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 4 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 5. DIGITAL REPRESENTATION:  Digital multimedia is represented by a discrete set of values defined at specific instances of the input domain (time/space or both). For example, Digital sound – finite series of instantaneous pulses which are measured at distinct interval of time  Digital representations has other advantages, software based programs can be used to edit the digitized media in various ways to appearances and compress the file sizes to increase the performance efficiency. Fig: Digital Representation ===================================================== ===================================================== 2 Explain components of multimedia and how they are used in diverse ways? OR Identify three novel multimedia applications. Discuss why you think these are novel and their potential impact. OR Explain various applications of multimedia and its importance in various fields. Answer: Multimedia has found extensive applications in various and varied fields. The following are some of the main areas where this technology is applied:  Home entertainment  Educational purposes  Industrial training  Information kiosk  Corporate presentations  Business  Tourism and Travel industry PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 5 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25  E – Shopping  Health care  Science & Technology  Architecture & Interior Designing  Home Entertainment: o Application of Multimedia technology related to home entertainment includes computer based games for kids, interactive encyclopedia‗s, storytelling, cartoons etc., o Computer games are one of the best applications of Multimedia because of the high amount of interactivity involved. o Alexa Device which is in trend is a best application of multimedia built on AI and IoT technology.  Educational purposes: o These applications include learning packages and simulation of lab experiments [especially those which cannot be easily performed]. o The multisensory perceptions of such study material are expected to provide a good grasp of the subject matter and interactivity elements to provide for better retention.  Industrial Training: o These applications involve Computer Aided Instruction [CAI] and Computer Based Training [CBT] for employee both technical and marketing. Successful organizations are required to maintain a high level of staff training and development.  Information kiosk: o These are devices where information is accessed through a touch screen and viewed on a monitor. Examples may include multi-lingual product catalogues for placing orders or for dispensing important information. o Kiosks can also be used to capture statistical data for an in- depth marketing research to be carried out on customer trends.  Corporate presentations: o Corporate presentations are emphasizing the salient features and activities of a company, its products, business partners like suppliers and retailers can be built by incorporate multimedia elements along with textual descriptions. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 6 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25  Business: o Items like glass utensils are difficult to stock; industrial equipment can be displayed through perspectives buyers by company sales people through multimedia presentations.  Tourism and Travel industries: o Travel companies can market packaged tools by showing prospective customers, glimpses of the places they would like to visit, details on lodging, special attractions. o A multimedia system implementing intelligent travel agent software will enable the user to their travel need and budget.  E-shopping: o Like the travel industry, customized presentations for consumer and industrial products can be created and distributed to prospective customers. o Customers can compare different products in relation to their quality, price, and appearances without leaving their homes and offices.  Health Care o Multimedia is increasingly used by doctors to get trained by simply watching a surgery being done on a virtual platform. Simulation technology is used to develop human anatomy and study how it gets affected by different illnesses and then accordingly develop medicines and other remedial measures. o Furthermore, the other applications of multimedia in medicine allow patients to consult a doctor online to get medical intervention and treatment for their sickness. o Screens, Reports Simulation and displays helps doctors more precisely to diagnose the disease and also in OT for surgeries.  Science and technology o Multimedia had a wide application in the field of science and technology. It is capable of transferring audio, sending message and formatted multimedia documents. o At the same time, it also helps in live interaction through audio messages and it is only possible with the hypermedia. It reduces the time and cost can be arranged at any moment even in emergencies. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 7 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25  Architecture & Interior Designing o Gone are the days when architects and interior designers used to plan everything manually which were completely inaccurate and unprofessional. o Now due to multimedia there are various software like AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp, 3Ds Max which can be used to create 2d plans, plan rendering, and realistic walk-through of a project easily. o Multimedia has increased productivity of this sector enormously by improving quality and accuracy to the architects and interior design professionals. ===================================================== ===================================================== 3 What is Multimedia and Hypermedia? Explain the most commonly used hypermedia application? OR Differentiate Between Multimedia and Hypermedia? OR What is World Wide Web? Answer: Hypermedia, again first introduced by Ted Nelson, went beyond text- only. It includes a wide array of media, such as graphics, images, and especially the continuous media sound and video, and links them together. The World Wide Web (WWW or simply Web) is the best example of a hypermedia application, which is also the largest. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 8 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25  World Wide Web The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet. Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. o Hyperlinks & Webpages & Websites Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactively where users contribute content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non- governmental organizational purposes. o Client Server Architectures WWW is another example of client/server computing. Each time a link is followed, the client is requesting a document (or graphic or sound file) from a server (also called a Web server) that's part of the World Wide Web that "serves" up the document. The server uses a protocol called HTTP or Hyper Text Transport Protocol. The standard for creating hypertext documents for the WWW is Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML. HTML essentially codes plain text documents so they can be viewed on the Web. o Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs: A Uniform Resource Locator or URL is the address of a document found on the WWW. Browser interprets the information in the URL in order to connect to the proper Internet server and to retrieve your desired document. Each time a click on a hyperlink in a WWW document instructs browser to find the URL that's embedded within the hyperlink. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 9 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 Multimedia Hypermedia In Multimedia, User experience is Whereas in hypermedia, the user is more passive. more actively involved. Multimedia is both Linear & Non Hypermedia is both Linear & Non Linear Linear It is an application oriented Hypermedia is an enhancement of technology that uses and integrates hypertext which allows the non- sound, animation, and digitized video sequential access of text with more traditional types of data documents, using a multimedia such as text. environment. When someone turns on a computer, In contrast, surfing the World Wide puts a CD (compact disc) in its CD Web, following links from one site drive, and listens to her favorite music to another, looking for all types of while she works on a paper, she is information, is called experiencing experiencing multimedia. hypermedia. It's utilized for cross referencing as It mostly relies on interactivity and well as inter-connectivity between interaction. components. Multimedia necessitates its own distribution mechanism, which is To improve capability, it gives referred to as a multimedia delivery clickable connections. system. ===================================================== ===================================================== 4 What is HTML? Explain in brief about HTML? Answer: In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web to CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) as a means for organizing and sharing their work and experimental results. With approval from CERN, he started developing a hypertext server, browser, and editor on a NeXTStep workstation. His team invented the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for this purpose, too.  It is recognized that documents need to have formats that are human-readable and that identify structure and elements. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 10 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie developed the Generalized Markup Language (GML) for IBM.  In 1986, the ISO released a final version of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), mostly based on the earlier GML.  HTML is a language for publishing hypermedia on the Web. It is defined using SGML and derives elements that describe generic document structure and formatting.  Since it uses ASCII, it is portable to all different (even binary- incompatible) computer hardware, which allows for global exchange of information. The current version of HTML is 4.01, and a newer version is HTML 5.  HTML uses tags to describe document elements. The tags are in the format to define the start point of a document element and to define the end of the element.  Some elements have only inline parameters and do not require ending tags. HTML divides the document into a HEAD and a BODY part as follows:......  The HEAD describes document definitions, which are parsed before any document rendering is done. These include page title, resource links, and meta-information the author decides to specify.  The BODY part describes the document structure and content. Common structure elements are paragraphs, tables, forms, links, item lists, and buttons. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 11 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 A very simple HTML page is as follows: ===================================================== ===================================================== 5 What is XML? Explain in brief about XML? OR Explain in brief about XML and list down XML file components? Answer: There was also a need for a markup language for the Web that has modularity of data, structure, and view. Extensible Markup Language (XML) lets you define and store data in a shareable manner. XML supports information exchange between computer systems such as websites, databases, and third-party applications.  That is, we would like a user or an application to be able to define the tags (structure) allowed in a document and their relationship to each other, in one place, then define data using these tags in another place (the XML file), and finally, define in yet another document how to render the tags. PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 12 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25  Suppose we wanted to have stock information retrieved from a database according to a user query. Using XML, we would use a global Document Type Definition (DTD)  We have already defined for stock data. Your server-side script will abide by the DTD rules to generate an XML document according to the query, using data from your database. Finally, we will send users your XML Style Sheet (XSL), depending on the type of device they use to display the information, so that our document looks best both on a computer with a 27-inch LED display and on a small-screen cellphone. The original XML version was XML 1.0, approved by the W3C in February 1998, and is currently in its fifth edition as of 2008. The original version is still recommended. The second version XML 1.1 was introduced in 2004 and is currently in its second edition as of 2006.  XML documents are composed of elements, delimited by a start tag (of the form ) and an end tag (of the form ). Elements can contain either other elements or free text.  Every XML document has one and only one root element, which contains all the other elements.  XML syntax looks like HTML syntax, although it is much stricter.  All tags are lowercase, and a tag that has only inline data has to terminate itself, for example,.  XML also uses namespaces, so that multiple DTDs declaring different elements but with similar tag names can have their elements distinguished. DTDs can be imported from URIs as well.  All XML documents start with.  is a special tag used for importing DTDs. Since it is a DTD definition, it does not adhere to XML rules.  xmlns defines a unique XML namespace for the document elements. In this case, the namespace is the XHTML specifications website. The following XML sample is provided to illustrate the anatomy of an XML document PRMIT&R Prof. Anup. G. Kadu Page 13 Unit 1: Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations B.Tech:2024-25 XML file Components Details components It identifies the document as XML. Note the mandatory XML version The XML number (1.0) and the description of the encoding (UTF-8) used by declaration the document. It identifies the DTD (tag vocabulary) used by the XML document and the tag name for the root element ("car"). This vocabulary is The document stored in an external file with the.dtd extension (automotive.dtd), type declaration though it can also be in-lined in the document. The document type declaration is optional and tends to be gradually replaced by another equivalent but more powerful mechanism, called XSD schemas The root An XML has one and only one root element (called "car" here). element An element is identified by a start tag and an end tag. If the element Elements has no sub-elements, the syntax can optionally be abbreviated to just one tag, as for the "wheel" element. Notice the trailing '/' in this case. The start tag can contain attributes, which are (name, value) pairs qualifying the element. Attribute names are unique within the tag Attributes scope. Attribute values appear within quotes. "body" is the value of the attribute called "name" of the "part" element. Characters XML elements can also contain free text. XML use entities to escape reserved characters or specify characters Entities not supported by the document code page. The "<" entity is use here to escape the "