Music 10 Q1 - Contemporary Music PDF

First Quarter MUSIC 10 Contemporary Music RECALL rather than telling a specific story or following Musical Periods traditional musical structures Medieval (1150-1400)...

First Quarter MUSIC 10 Contemporary Music RECALL rather than telling a specific story or following Musical Periods traditional musical structures Medieval (1150-1400) Composers were inspired by art and nature and Most known type of music was the Gregorian used unique scales, harmonies, and orchestral chant timbres to evoke emotions and images Music was largely related to the Church Transports you to a different emotional Renaissance (1400-1600) landscape, like a musical daydream, creating a Vocal music remained the most important part sensory experience through sound The music was still calm, not portraying any extremes in dynamics, rhythm, and tone Notable impressionist composers Baroque (1600-1750) Claude Debussy Known for complex pieces and intricate Achille Claude Debussy b. August 22, 1862 (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, harmonies France) Dynamics of music grew – music would d. March 25, 1918 (Paris, France) gradually get louder or softer by design Displayed musical talent from Classical (1750-1820) a young age and began piano Lighter instrumentation lessons at the age of seven More evident texture, making it less One of the most influential complicated and leading composers of the Romantic (1820-1900) 20th century Took classical music and added overwhelming The principal exponent of the impressionist amounts of intensity and expression movement and the inspiration for other Composers gradually let go of heavily impressionist composers structured pieces and gravitated towards drama ★ Clair de Lune (Moonlight) and emotion ★ Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (Prélude à Contemporary (1900-) l'après-midi d'un faune) Elements of Music ★ La Mer Rhythm – the placements of sounds in time ★ Pelléas et Mélisande Dynamics – aspects relating to the loudness or softness Maurice Ravel Melody – linear/horizontal presentation of pitch Joseph Maurice Ravel (highness or lowness of sound) b. March 7, 1875 (Ciboure, France) d. December 28, 1937 (Paris, France) Harmony – verticalization of pitch; art of combining pitches into chords (several notes played Entered the Paris simultaneously as a block) Conservatory at 14 Tone color – quality of sound Was musically nurtured by a Texture – describes how layers of sound within a piece prominent French composer of music interact Gabriel Faure Form – how the various parts of a piece are organized His works have intricate melodies and extended chordal components that demand considerable technical virtuosity from the performer Music of the 20th Century / ★ Pavane for a Dead Princess Contemporary Music ★ String Quartet ★ Sonatine for Piano Exaggeration of different music elements ★ Rhapsodie Espagnole The elements became more complicated and ★ Bolero extraordinary Expressionism Impressionism Expressionism Impressionism Being in roughly 1900 One of the earliest forms that paved way to the First originated in the visual arts and was later modern era applied to music and other arts in the early A French movement in visual art in the late 19th 20th century and early 20th centuries Conveying intense and raw emotions, often Characterized by composers’ efforts to convey using dissonance, abrupt changes in dynamics, feelings, moods, and sensory experiences and unconventional melodies to create a sense of unease or tension First Quarter MUSIC 10 Contemporary Music Less concerned with following traditional rules avant-garde use of a technique, of harmony and structure and more focused on Sprechstimme, a vocal style that expressing the composer’s inner turmoil and combines elements of both speaking complex feelings and singing Its goal is to stir deep emotions and provoke Igor Stravinsky thought through musical intensity and Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky Игорь Фёдорович unpredictability Стравинский Significant historical events b. June 17, 1882 (Lomonosov, Saint Petersburg, World War I took place firmly in the center of Russia) the expressionist era d. April 6, 1971 (New York, New York, United States) Many protests were taking place with civil rights for people of color and women at the Known for his forefront of national debates in the United groundbreaking various States musical styles, including Russian nationalism, A young democracy was struggling to take hold neoclassicism, and serialism in Germany and Austria Studied composition with renowned composer The artificial prosperity that eventually led to Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov the collapse of American markets and Gained international fame with the premiere of preceded the Great Depression his ballet The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du Musicians and artists used chaotic, dissonant, Printemps) in Paris in 1913 and distorted artistic tools to express the angst ○ Its avant-garde music and of generations choreography caused a riot in the Features of expressionism in music audience but also marked a turning A high degree of dissonance (the quality of point in the development of modern sounds that seems unstable) classical music Extreme contrasts of dynamics (from ★ Petrushka / Petrouchka pianissimo to fortissimo, very soft to very loud) ○ One of Stravinsky’s most famous ballets Constant changing of textures ○ Petrushka is set in St. Petersburg “Distorted” melodies and harmonies during the Shrovetide Fair. The story Angular melodies with wide leaps revolves around the tragic fate of three puppets: Petrushka, the Ballerina, and Notable expressionist composers the Moor. Petrushka, the main Arnold Schoenberg character, is a mischievous and Arnold Schönberg rebellious puppet who falls in love with b. September 13, 1874 (Leopoldstadt, Vienna, the Ballerina, but she rejects his Austria) advances. The puppeteer, who controls d. July 13, 1951 (Los Angeles, California, United States) them, is eventually pushed to his limits Born in a working-class suburb by their antics, leading to a dramatic Was a highly influential Austrian and surreal climax. composer, conductor, and music theorist known for his significant Electronic Music contributions to 20th century music His music was extremely complex, creating heavy demands on the listener Technology has been a game-changer in music. Experienced triskaidekaphobia (fear of the number 13). He believed it brought bad luck. Electronic music His compositions often reflect his emotional Any composition recorded or played using all and personal turmoil electronic musical instruments and make use of His work laid the groundwork for many the electronic technology subsequent composers who explored new Electronic Instruments and Devices musical languages Electronic organs ★ Verklärte Nacht (Transfigured Night) ○ Telharmonium/dynamophone ★ Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11 ○ Hammond organ ★ Violin Concerto Electric guitar ★ Skandalkonzert Synthesizer ★ Pierrot Lunaire Thermin ○ Known for its innovative and First Quarter MUSIC 10 Contemporary Music Notable personalities in electronic music placed a score on the stand, set a Edgar Varese stopwatch, closed the lid, and sat Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse quietly for 33 seconds. He briefly b. December 22, 1883 (Paris, France) opens and re-shut the lid, and reset the d. November 6, 1965 (New York, New York, United States) stopwatch and sat for two minutes and Innovative French-born 40 seconds, occasionally turning the composer score’s pages. He repeated the process The Father of Electronic for one minute and 20 seconds. Finally Music he stood, bowed to polite applause Spent his life and career from the remaining audience and mostly in the US walked off stage. Pioneered and created new sounds that ○ “They missed the point. There’s no bordered between music and noise such thing as silence. What they His musical pieces are characterized by: thought was silence, because they ○ Emphasis on timber or rhythm didn’t know how to listen, was full of ○ Organized sound accidental sounds. You could hear the ★ Poeme Electronique wind stirring outside during the first Karlheinz Stockhausen movement. During the second, Karlheinz Stockhausen raindrops began patterning the roof, b. August 22, 1928 (Mödrath, Kerpen, Germany) and during the third, the people d. December 5, 2007 (ürten, Germany) themselves made all kinds of A central figure in the realm interesting sounds as they talked or of electronic music walked out.” ★ Gruppen (1957) ★ Hymnen (1965) ★ Kontakte (1960) ★ Licht (Light) ★ Studie II Chance Music Chance music Aleatoric music A style which the piece always sounds differently at every performance because of its random techniques of production, including the use of string modulators or natural elements that become part of the music Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and man-made Notable personality in chance music John Cage John Milton Cage Jr. b. September 5, 1912 (Los Angeles, California, United States) d. August 12, 1992 (New York, United States) Known as one of the 20th century composers with the broadest array of sounds in his works Became one of the most original composers in the history of western music Chance music was born with his manipulation of musical instruments to attain new sounds ★ 4 Minutes and 33 Seconds (4’33”) ○ He seats himself at the piano and