MSQ tests for state exam Family Medicine - Турсунбаева Айжан.docx

**Department of Internal disease and family medicine** **MSQ test for state exam, 10 th semester of Family Medicine** **Teacher name: Tursunbaeva Aizhan** 1. **Question:** What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus? - A. Bacterial infection - B. Viral infection - C. Auto...

**Department of Internal disease and family medicine** **MSQ test for state exam, 10 th semester of Family Medicine** **Teacher name: Tursunbaeva Aizhan** 1. **Question:** What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus? - A. Bacterial infection - B. Viral infection - C. Autoimmune response - D. Genetic mutation - **Answer:** C. Autoimmune response 2. **Question:** Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells? - A. Insulin - B. Glucagon - C. Cortisol - D. Thyroid hormone - **Answer:** A. Insulin 3. **Question:** Type 2 diabetes is often associated with: - A. Obesity - B. Low carbohydrate intake - C. High physical activity - D. Young age - **Answer:** A. Obesity 4. **Question:** What is the fasting blood sugar level indicative of diabetes? - A. 80 mg/dL - B. 100 mg/dL - C. 126 mg/dL - D. 150 mg/dL - **Answer:** C. 126 mg/dL 5. **Question:** Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes mellitus? - A. Excessive thirst - B. Excessive sleep - C. Low blood pressure - D. Decreased appetite - **Answer:** A. Excessive thirst 6. **Question:** What is the purpose of HbA1c testing in diabetes management? - A. Measure daily blood sugar fluctuations - B. Assess long-term blood sugar control - C. Detect insulin resistance - D. Evaluate kidney function - **Answer:** B. Assess long-term blood sugar control 7. **Question:** In diabetes management, what does the term \"hyperglycemia\" refer to? - A. Low blood sugar levels - B. Normal blood sugar levels - C. High blood sugar levels - D. Absence of blood sugar - **Answer:** C. High blood sugar levels 8. **Question:** Which type of diabetes is insulin-dependent and often diagnosed in childhood? - A. Type 1 diabetes - B. Type 2 diabetes - C. Gestational diabetes - D. Pre-diabetes - **Answer:** A. Type 1 diabetes 9. **Question:** What role does glucagon play in diabetes management? - A. Increases blood sugar levels - B. Decreases blood sugar levels - C. Converts glucose to energy - D. Stores glucose in the liver - **Answer:** A. Increases blood sugar levels 10. **Question:** Long-term complications of diabetes may affect which organs? - A. Heart and kidneys - B. Lungs and liver - C. Stomach and intestines - D. Skin and eyes - **Answer:** A. Heart and kidneys 11. **Question:** True or False: Gestational diabetes occurs only during pregnancy. - A. True - B. False - **Answer:** A. True 12. **Question:** Which lifestyle factor is crucial for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes? - A. Sedentary behavior - B. High sugar intake - C. Regular physical activity - D. Irregular sleep patterns - **Answer:** C. Regular physical activity 13. **Question:** What is the purpose of insulin therapy in diabetes management? - A. Lower blood pressure - B. Decrease cholesterol levels - C. Lower blood sugar levels - D. Increase blood sugar levels - **Answer:** C. Lower blood sugar levels 14. **Question:** Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes affecting the eyes? - A. Glaucoma - B. Cataracts - C. Retinopathy - D. Macular degeneration - **Answer:** C. Retinopathy 15. **Question:** What is the recommended strategy for treating hypoglycemia? - A. Eat a high-sugar snack - B. Skip the next meal - C. Inject more insulin - D. Consume a complex carbohydrate - **Answer:** A. Eat a high-sugar snack 16. **Question:** Which of the following is a common symptom of hypoglycemia? - A. Fatigue - B. Excessive thirst - C. High blood sugar levels - D. Flushed skin - **Answer:** A. Fatigue 17. **Question:** What dietary component should individuals with diabetes monitor closely? - A. Protein intake - B. Fat intake - C. Carbohydrate intake - D. Vitamin intake - **Answer:** C. Carbohydrate intake 18. **Question:** How does exercise contribute to diabetes management? - A. Increases insulin resistance - B. Lowers blood sugar levels - C. Promotes weight gain - D. Raises blood pressure - **Answer:** B. Lowers blood sugar levels 19. **Question:** Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated or poorly managed diabetes? - A. Osteoporosis - B. Anemia - C. Diabetic ketoacidosis - D. Hypothyroidism - **Answer:** C. Diabetic ketoacidosis 20. **Question:** In addition to blood sugar control, diabetes management often involves monitoring: - A. Blood pressure - B. Respiratory rate - C. Urine color - D. Vision acuity - **Answer:** A. Blood pressure 21. Question: What is asthma? 22. Question: Which of the following is a common symptom of asthma? 23. Question: What triggers an asthma attack? 24. Question: True or False: Asthma is a reversible condition. 25. Question: What is the primary role of bronchodilators in asthma management? 26. Question: Which type of cells are involved in the inflammation of the airways in asthma? 27. Question: What is the purpose of a peak flow meter in asthma management? 28. Question: What term is used to describe the sudden and severe onset of asthma symptoms? 29. Question: Which of the following is a common long-term controller medication for asthma? 30. Question: What is the main goal of asthma management? 31. Question: Which of the following is a common environmental trigger for asthma? 32. Question: What is the role of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma treatment? 33. Question: How does a spacer device assist in the use of an inhaler for asthma medication? 34. Question: Which age group is most commonly affected by asthma? 35. Question: What is exercise-induced bronchoconstriction? 36. Question: Which of the following is a symptom of an asthma emergency that requires immediate medical attention? 37. Question: Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are associated with: 38. Question: What is the purpose of rescue inhalers in asthma management? 39. Question: How is allergic asthma different from non-allergic asthma? 40. Question: True or False: Asthma is a condition that can be outgrown. 41. Question: What is a myocardial infarction? A. A type of heart surgery B. An inflammation of the heart muscle C. Death of heart tissue due to lack of blood supply D. A congenital heart defect Answer: C. Death of heart tissue due to lack of blood supply 42. Question: What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction? A. High cholesterol levels B. Bacterial infection C. Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries) D. Genetic mutation Answer: C. Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries) 43. Question: What symptom is often referred to as the \"classic\" symptom of a heart attack? A. Shortness of breath B. Chest pain or discomfort C. Nausea and vomiting D. Headache Answer: B. Chest pain or discomfort 44. Question: True or False: Myocardial infarction is always associated with severe, crushing chest pain. A. True B. False Answer: B. False 45. Question: What role do blood clots play in the development of myocardial infarction? A. They cause the initial damage to the heart muscle B. They block blood flow to the heart muscle C. They trigger inflammation in the heart D. They have no role in myocardial infarction Answer: B. They block blood flow to the heart muscle 46. Question: Which enzyme is often measured in blood tests to diagnose myocardial infarction? A. Amylase B. Lipase C. Creatine kinase (CK) D. Urea Answer: C. Creatine kinase (CK) 47. Question: What is the common name for the medical procedure used to reopen blocked coronary arteries during a heart attack? A. Angioplasty B. Endoscopy C. Biopsy D. Electrocardiogram Answer: A. Angioplasty 48. Question: Which of the following is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction? A. Regular exercise B. Low blood pressure C. Smoking D. High dietary fiber intake Answer: C. Smoking 49. Question: What is the recommended action if someone is experiencing symptoms of a heart attack? A. Take an aspirin and rest B. Apply heat to the chest area C. Call emergency services immediately D. Ignore the symptoms and wait for them to pass Answer: C. Call emergency services immediately 50. Question: How does a myocardial infarction differ from angina? A. Myocardial infarction is less severe than angina B. Angina is a medical emergency, while myocardial infarction is not C. Myocardial infarction involves permanent damage to the heart muscle D. Angina is caused by a bacterial infection Answer: C. Myocardial infarction involves permanent damage to the heart muscle 51. Question: What is the purpose of nitroglycerin in the treatment of myocardial infarction? A. Reduce blood pressure B. Relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels C. Prevent blood clot formation D. Stimulate the heart Answer: B. Relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels 52. Question: How does age influence the risk of myocardial infarction? A. Risk decreases with age B. Risk is constant across all age groups C. Risk increases with age D. Age has no impact on the risk Answer: C. Risk increases with age 53. Question: Which of the following is a common symptom of myocardial infarction in women? A. Severe chest pain B. Profuse sweating C. Jaw pain D. Rapid breathing Answer: C. Jaw pain 54. Question: What is the purpose of beta-blockers in the treatment of myocardial infarction? A. Dilate blood vessels B. Increase heart rate C. Reduce blood pressure and workload on the heart D. Dissolve blood clots Answer: C. Reduce blood pressure and workload on the heart 55. Question: What is the significance of the \"golden hour\" in myocardial infarction? A. The optimal time to take medication B. The critical first hour after the onset of symptoms when prompt treatment is crucial C. The period during which the heart is most susceptible to damage D. The time frame for scheduling cardiac rehabilitation Answer: B. The critical first hour after the onset of symptoms when prompt treatment is crucial 56. Question: What lifestyle modification is often recommended for individuals at risk of myocardial infarction? A. Increase saturated fat intake B. Quit smoking C. Reduce physical activity D. Limit fruit and vegetable consumption Answer: B. Quit smoking 57. Question: Which imaging technique is commonly used to visualize the blood flow in coronary arteries? A. X-ray B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) C. Computed Tomography (CT) angiography D. Ultrasound Answer: C. Computed Tomography (CT) angiography 58. Question: What is the primary cause of death in the early stages of myocardial infarction? A. Heart failure B. Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) C. Respiratory failure D. Stroke Answer: B. Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) 59. Question: How can diabetes mellitus contribute to the risk of myocardial infarction? A. It lowers blood pressure B. It decreases cholesterol levels C. It promotes inflammation and atherosclerosis D. It has no impact on cardiovascular health Answer: C. It promotes inflammation and atherosclerosis 60. Question: True or False: Myocardial infarction is always associated with noticeable symptoms. A. True B. False Answer: B. False 61. Question: What is hypertension? A. Low blood pressure B. Normal blood pressure C. High blood pressure D. Irregular heart rate Answer: C. High blood pressure 62. Question: What is considered a normal blood pressure reading? A. 120/80 mmHg B. 140/90 mmHg C. 160/100 mmHg D. 180/120 mmHg Answer: A. 120/80 mmHg 63. Question: Hypertension is often referred to as the: A. Silent killer B. Quiet disorder C. Visible threat D. Loud disease Answer: A. Silent killer 64. Question: Which lifestyle factor is a significant contributor to the development of hypertension? A. Regular exercise B. Low-sodium diet C. Smoking D. Adequate sleep Answer: C. Smoking 65. Question: What organ is primarily affected by hypertension? A. Liver B. Kidneys C. Lungs D. Pancreas Answer: B. Kidneys 66. Question: True or False: Hypertension is a condition that only affects older adults. A. True B. False Answer: B. False 67. Question: Which blood pressure reading falls within the hypertensive range? A. 110/70 mmHg B. 130/80 mmHg C. 140/90 mmHg D. 120/80 mmHg Answer: C. 140/90 mmHg 68. Question: What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in hypertension? A. It regulates blood sugar levels B. It controls blood pressure by adjusting heart rate C. It helps maintain salt and water balance in the body D. It is not related to blood pressure regulation Answer: C. It helps maintain salt and water balance in the body 69. Question: What lifestyle modification is often recommended for managing hypertension? A. Increase caffeine intake B. Reduce sodium (salt) intake C. Limit fruit and vegetable consumption D. Engage in sedentary activities Answer: B. Reduce sodium (salt) intake 70. Question: What is the term for high blood pressure that is consistently elevated but not yet in the hypertensive range? A. Hypertension crisis B. Prehypertension C. Hypotension D. Hyperextension Answer: B. Prehypertension 71. Question: How does hypertension contribute to cardiovascular disease? A. It decreases the risk of heart attacks B. It promotes healthy blood vessel function C. It damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart disease D. It has no impact on cardiovascular health Answer: C. It damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart disease 72. Question: What is the main purpose of antihypertensive medications? A. Increase blood pressure B. Lower blood pressure C. Improve cholesterol levels D. Stimulate the release of aldosterone Answer: B. Lower blood pressure 73. Question: Which of the following conditions is often associated with secondary hypertension? A. Aging B. Obesity C. Kidney disease D. Lack of physical activity Answer: C. Kidney disease 74. Question: How does stress contribute to hypertension? A. It has no impact on blood pressure B. It promotes relaxation and lowers blood pressure C. It triggers the release of stress hormones, raising blood pressure D. It reduces sodium retention in the body Answer: C. It triggers the release of stress hormones, raising blood pressure 75. Question: What dietary component is often recommended to help lower blood pressure? A. Saturated fats B. Trans fats C. Omega-3 fatty acids D. Refined sugars Answer: C. Omega-3 fatty acids 76. Question: What is the term for a hypertensive emergency that requires immediate medical attention due to severe symptoms and potential organ damage? A. Prehypertension B. Hypertension crisis C. Hypotension D. Normotension Answer: B. Hypertension crisis 77. Question: Which of the following is a common symptom of hypertensive crisis? A. Headache B. Low heart rate C. Rapid weight loss D. Excessive thirst Answer: A. Headache 78. Question: What role does potassium play in managing hypertension? A. It raises blood pressure B. It has no impact on blood pressure C. It helps lower blood pressure D. It promotes sodium retention Answer: C. It helps lower blood pressure 79. Question: How does excess alcohol consumption relate to hypertension? A. It has no impact on blood pressure B. It lowers blood pressure C. It increases blood pressure D. It improves blood vessel flexibility Answer: C. It increases blood pressure 80. Question: What is the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring for individuals with hypertension? A. It helps increase blood pressure B. It provides information on cholesterol levels C. It allows for early detection of changes in blood pressure and adjustment of treatment D. It is unnecessary for managing hypertension Answer: C. It allows for early detection of changes in blood pressure and adjustment of treatment 81. Question: What is hypotension? A. Elevated blood pressure B. Normal blood pressure C. Low blood pressure D. Irregular heart rate Answer: C. Low blood pressure 82. Question: What is considered a systolic blood pressure reading indicative of hypotension? A. Below 90 mmHg B. 120 mmHg C. Above 140 mmHg D. 160 mmHg Answer: A. Below 90 mmHg 83. Question: True or False: Hypotension is always a cause for concern. A. True B. False Answer: B. False 84. Question: Which of the following is a common symptom of hypotension? A. Headache B. Dizziness or lightheadedness C. Hyperventilation D. Rapid heart rate Answer: B. Dizziness or lightheadedness 85. Question: Hypotension can be caused by: A. Dehydration B. Excessive salt intake C. Obesity D. Smoking Answer: A. Dehydration 86. Question: What is orthostatic hypotension? A. Hypotension caused by dehydration B. A sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing up C. Hypotension only observed during sleep D. Chronic low blood pressure Answer: B. A sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing up 87. Question: Which age group is more prone to experiencing orthostatic hypotension? A. Children B. Young adults C. Older adults D. Adolescents Answer: C. Older adults 88. Question: What is the purpose of blood pressure regulation mechanisms in the body? A. To increase blood pressure B. To decrease blood pressure C. To maintain blood pressure within a normal range D. To promote hypotension Answer: C. To maintain blood pressure within a normal range 89. Question: Hypotension can be a side effect of which type of medication? A. Antihypertensives B. Antibiotics C. Analgesics (pain relievers) D. Anticoagulants Answer: A. Antihypertensives 90. Question: What is the recommended treatment for mild cases of hypotension? A. High-sodium diet B. Increased caffeine intake C. Fluid and salt intake D. Bed rest Answer: C. Fluid and salt intake 91. Question: Which of the following conditions can lead to hypotension? A. Addison\'s disease B. Hyperthyroidism C. Cushing\'s syndrome D. Diabetes mellitus Answer: A. Addison\'s disease 92. Question: True or False: Hypotension is commonly associated with a rapid and strong pulse. A. True B. False Answer: B. False 93. Question: How can severe hypotension affect organ function? A. It has no impact on organ function B. It can lead to organ damage due to reduced blood flow C. It improves organ function D. It increases the risk of blood clot formation Answer: B. It can lead to organ damage due to reduced blood flow 94. Question: What is the term for a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure that requires immediate medical attention? A. Orthostatic hypotension B. Chronic hypotension C. Hypotensive crisis D. Acute hypotension Answer: C. Hypotensive crisis 95. Question: Which of the following is a potential cause of hypotensive crisis? A. Dehydration B. Excessive fluid intake C. Sedentary lifestyle D. Regular exercise Answer: A. Dehydration 96. Question: How does shock relate to hypotension? A. Shock and hypotension are unrelated B. Hypotension is a symptom of shock C. Hypotension prevents the development of shock D. Shock leads to hypertension Answer: B. Hypotension is a symptom of shock 97. Question: In which body position is orthostatic hypotension commonly observed? A. Sitting B. Lying down C. Standing up D. Prone (face down) Answer: C. Standing up 98. Question: How does hypotension affect blood flow to the brain? A. It increases blood flow to the brain B. It has no impact on blood flow to the brain C. It decreases blood flow to the brain D. It causes blood vessel dilation in the brain Answer: C. It decreases blood flow to the brain 99. Question: What is the primary goal of treatment for hypotensive crisis? A. Increase blood pressure rapidly B. Maintain the status quo C. Lower blood pressure further D. Administer pain medication Answer: A. Increase blood pressure rapidly 100. Question: Which of the following conditions is often associated with chronic hypotension? A. Hypothyroidism B. Hyperthyroidism C. Celiac disease D. Osteoarthritis Answer: A. Hypothyroidism