MSK Medical Terminology 2024 PDF

RDGY 309 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DR JARED NII OBLITEY FWACS CONSULTANT RADIOLOGIST KEY COMPONENTS Muscles Bones Joints Connective tissues Muscles Contractile fibres that help produce movement Make up bulk of body Help with prop...

RDGY 309 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DR JARED NII OBLITEY FWACS CONSULTANT RADIOLOGIST KEY COMPONENTS Muscles Bones Joints Connective tissues Muscles Contractile fibres that help produce movement Make up bulk of body Help with propulsion of food through intestines and blood in the blood vessels Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscles Also called striated or Voluntary muscles Cardiac Muscles Found only in the heart. Produce rhythmic movements  Smooth Muscles Also called involuntary muscles. Found principally in the visceral organs, walls of arteries and respiratory passages Key Terms Appendage: Body part attached to a main structure Articulation/Joint : Place of union between two bones Cancellous: Spongy or porous structure found at ends of long bones Cruciate Ligament: Ligaments that cross each other in the knee Haematopoiesis: Production and development of Red Blood Cells Motions Adduction: Move closer to midline Abduction: Move away from midline Flexion: Decrease the angle of a joint Extension: Increase the angle of a joint Rotation: Move a body around its own axis.  Supination: Turns the palm up. Inversion: Moves the sole of the foot inward. Eversion: Move sole outward Dorsiflexion: Elevate foot Plantar flexion: Lowers foot (points the toes) Combining Forms Carpo – carpals Clavic/o, clavicul/o – clavicle Cost/o – Rib Ischi/o – ischium Rachi/o – spine / vertebral column Radi/o – Radius Vertebr/o, Spondyl/o -vertebra Combining Forms for Joints Aponeur/o – Aponeurosis Arthr/o - Joint Burs/o – Bursa (cavity) Chondr/o – Cartilage Disc/o - Intervetebral disc  Ten/o, tend/o, tendino - Tendon Menisc/o – meniscus, crescent Synovi/o - Synovian Membrane Common combining forms Ankyl/o – Crooked, bent, stiff Kinesi/o – movement, motion Kyph/o – hump Lamin/o – lamino, thin Lord/o – bent forward  Myel/o, myelon/o – bone marrow My/o, myos/o – muscle Petr/o – stone Scoli/o - crooked, curved Prefixes Inter- – between Supra- – above Syn-, sym- -together, joined suffixes -asthenia – weakness - clasis, -clast, -clasia - break -desis surgical fixation, fusion -physis growth Schisis – split/ fissure Pathology Terms Ankylosis – Abnormal joint fusion, stiffness Arthrochondritis – inflammation of joint cartilages Chondromalacia – softening of cartilage Carpoptosis – Drooping wrist  Cranioschisis – (congenital) fissure of the skull Myasthenia – muscle weakness Osteocarcinoma - cancerous tumour of bone Osteofibroma – tumour of bone and fibrous tissue.  Osteopetrosis – abnormal collection of stonelike bones (Marble Bones) Rachischisis – (congenital) fissure of the vertebral column , spina bifida Synoviocarcinoma – malignant tumour of synovial membrane  Bunion – Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe Carpal tunnel syndrome: Painful disorder caused by the compression of a nerve Colles fracture – a type of distal radial fracture in which the distal fragment is displaced backwards Exostosis – abnormal benign growth  Gout – excessive amount of uric acid in blood causes deposition of sodium urate crystals (tophi) in joints, especially the great toe Muscular dystrophy – disease characterized by weakness and muscle degeneration Pathology Bone disorders Eg. Infections Joint disorders Muscle disorders Oncology  Thank you  MSK PART 2 FRACTURES Greenstick Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuted Greenstick Fracture There is cortical Breech on only one side of bone Usually the convex side Other side intact Usually mid - diaphyseal Distal Ulnar Greenstick fracture Fractures Torus fractures or Buckle fractures Torus (Latin for Protuberance). Incomplete fractures of a long bone that is characterized by bulging of the cortex. Results from trabecular compression due to an axial loading force along the long axis of the bone. They are usually seen in children. Frequently involving the distal radial metaphysis. Torus Fracture Image Courtesy: Radiopaedia.org Surgical Terms Aponeurorrhaphy – Suture of an aponeurosis Arthroclasia – (Surgical) breaking of a (stiff) joint Arthrodesis – Surgical fixation of a joint Arthroplasty – Surgical repair of a joint Arthrotomy – Incision of a joint Bursectomy – Excision of a bursa Bursotomy – Incision of a bursa Costectomy – Excision of a rib  Laminectomy – Excision of a lamina (often to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured disc Myorrhaphy – Suture of a muscle Ostectomy – Excision of a bone Osteoclasis – (Surgical) breaking of a bone Osteotome – Instrument used to cut into bone Rachiotomy – Incision into the vertebral column Tenotomy – Incision of a tendon Procedures Arthrogram – X – ray film of a joint Arthroscopy – Visual examination inside a joint Arthrocenthesis Electromyogram (EMG)- Record of intrinsic activity in a skeletal muscle.  Thank you