Musculoskeletal System, Joints, and Related Structures PDF

Terms related to Musculoskeletal System, Joints and related structures AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir  Organs of Skeletal System Bones of the skeleton Joints  Functions of Skeleta...

Terms related to Musculoskeletal System, Joints and related structures AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir  Organs of Skeletal System Bones of the skeleton Joints  Functions of Skeletal System Internal framework of body Supports body Protects internal organs Point of attachment for muscles Produces blood cells Stores minerals  Skeletal System Combining Forms ankyl/o stiff joint arthr/o joint carp/o wrist cervic/o neck myel/o bone marrow orth/o straight oste/o bone  Skeletal System Combining Forms chondr/o cartilage clavicul/o clavicle coccyg/o coccyx cortic/o outer portion cost/o rib crani/o skull  Skeletal System Combining Forms metacarp/o metacarpals patell/o patella ped/o foot pelv/o pelvis vertebr/o vertebra Bones of the axial skeleton Bones of the skull  Word Building with arthr/o –algia arthralgia joint pain puncture to withdraw fluid from –centesis arthrocentesis joint –clasia arthroclasia surgically break a joint –desis arthrodesis fusion of a joint –gram arthrogram record of a joint –itis arthritis joint inflammation –otomy arthrotomy incision into a joint –scope arthroscope instrument to view joint Word Building with burs/o & chondr/o –ectomy bursectomy surgical removal of bursa –itis bursitis inflammation of bursa –ectomys chondrectomy surgical removal of cartilage –malacia chondromalacia softening of cartilage –oma chondroma cartilage tumor –plasty chondroplasty surgical repair of cartilage  Word Building with cortic/o and crani/o –al cortical pertaining to the outer portion pertaining to inside the intra– –al intracranial skull –otomy craniotomy incision into the skull Word Building with medull/o & myel/o –ary medullary pertaining to the inner portion –oma myeloma red bone marrow tumor  Word Building with oste/o –algia ostealgia bone pain chondr/o – osteochondroma bone and cartilage tumor oma –clasia osteoclasia surgically break a bone bone and bone marrow myel/o –itis osteomyelitis inflammation –otomy osteotomy incision into bone –pathy osteopathy bone disease –tome osteotome instrument to cut bone  Word Building with synov/o & vertebr/o inflammation of synovial –itis synovitis membrane surgical removal of synovial –ectomy synovectomy membrane pertaining to between inter– –al intervertebral vertebrae  Adjective Forms of Bone Names iliac ilium ischial ischium carpal carpus metacarpal metacarpus cervical neck metatarsal metatarsus costal rib radial radius cranial cranium sacral sacrum femoral femur sternal sternum humeral humerus tarsal tarsus  The ilium is one of the three bony components of The ischium is a paired bone of the pelvis. Together the hip bone, which is the main bone of the pelvis. The with the ilium and pubis, they form the hip bone (or ilium forms the most superior and largest part of the hip pelvic bone, or innominate bone or coxal bone). bone. The metacarpus is a group of five bones of the hand The carpal bones:are eight small and irregularly between the phalanges and the carpus. shaped bones located in the wrist area. The metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones The neck is the portion of the body joining the head to located in the metatarsal of the foot, between the the shoulders and chest. tarsal bones (near the ankle) and the phalanges (toe The ribs are flat bones that form the thoracic cage or bones). rib cage, the bony structure that shapes the thoracic cavity and protects various organs. Despite being The radius and ulna are long bones that make up the relatively thin and light, these bones are highly forearm, extending from the elbow to the wrist. resilient. The cranium is part of the skull anatomy. The entire The sacrum is an irregularly shaped bone, made up skull is made up of 22 bones, eight of which are cranial of a group of five fused vertebrae in the area of what bones. The two main parts of the cranium are the is commonly known as the base of the spine. it forms cranial roof and the cranial base. a link between the spine and the iliac bones. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, The sternum is the bone that lies in the anterior between the hip and knee joints. midline of our thorax. The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It consists of a proximal end, a shaft and a The tarsus consists of 7 bones which form the distal end, all which contain important anatomical posterior aspect of the foot ,The talus forms the landmarks.  Adjective Forms of Bone Names tibial tibia ulnar ulna clavicular clavicle maxillary maxilla fibular fibula coccygeal coccyx lumbar low back phalangeal phalanges mandibular mandible pelvic pelvis patellar patella pubic pubis scapular scapula thoracic thorax  The tibia (shin bone) is a long bone of the leg, the Ulna:This is one of the long bones in the forearm, found medial to the fibula. located next to the radius. It extends from the elbow to the wrist and plays a role in arm movement and stability. The clavicle is an elongated, S-shaped bone that rests horizontally at the sternum across the upper The Maxilla: This bone forms the upper jaw and holds the part of the ribcage, and the acromial end of the upper teeth. It also helps shape parts of the nasal cavity scapula. and eye sockets, and is part of the skull. The fibula is a slender, cylindrical leg bone that is The Coccyx: Also known as the tailbone, it is the bottom located on the posterior portion of the limb. It is part of the vertebral column. It consists of several small, found next to another long bone known as the fused bones and helps support weight while sitting. tibia. The Phalanges: These are the bones that make up the The lumbar spine is located in the lower half of the fingers and toes. Each finger and toe has three phalanges, vertebral column. except for the thumb and big toe, which have only two. The mandible is the largest bone of the facial The Pelvis: This forms the base of the spine and supports skeleton and it is the only mobile bone in the skull. the internal organs. It also helps transfer body weight to the lower limbs. The patella is also known as the kneecap. It sits in front of the knee joint and protects the joint from The Pubis: Part of the pelvis, located in the front, it forms damage. part of the pelvic cavity and is important for supporting the reproductive organs. The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the The Thorax: Also known as the chest region, it contains the trunk and resides over the posterior surface of ribs ribs, which protect the heart and lungs. It is a key part of two to seven. the skeletal structure of the upper torso. Abnormal spinal curvatures: kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis  Muscular System Organs of Muscular System Muscles Function of Muscular System Individual cells are able to contract or shorten in length Shortening produces movement  Muscular System Combining Forms fasci/o fibrous band fibr/o fibers kinesi/o movement muscul/o muscle my/o muscle  Muscular System Combining Forms myocardi/o heart muscle myos/o muscle plant/o sole of foot ten/o tendon tend/o tendon tendin/o tendon  Muscular System Suffixes –asthenia weakness –kinesia movement –tonia tone  Muscular System Prefixes ab– away from ad– towards circum– around  Movement Terminology Abduction movement away from midline of body adduction movement toward midline of body flexion act of bending or being bent extension brings limb into a straight condition dorsiflexion backward bending of foot plantar flexion bending sole of foot; pointing toes Abduction and adduction Flexion and extension Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion  Word Building with fasci/o and kinesi/o –al fascial pertaining to fascia –itis fasciitis inflammation of fascia –otomy fasciotomy incision into fascia –logy kinesiology study of movement  Word Building with muscul/o & myos/o –ar muscular pertaining to muscles inflammation of many poly– –itis polymyositis muscles  Word Building with my/o –algia myalgia muscle pain –asthenia myasthenia muscle weakness electr/o electromyogram record of muscle electricity –gram cardi/o –al myocardial pertaining to heart muscle –pathy myopathy muscle disease –plasty myoplasty surgical repair of muscle –rrhaphy myorrhaphy suture a muscle –rrhexis myorrhexis muscle rupture  Word Building with –kinesia brady– bradykinesia slow movement dys– dyskinesia difficult movement hyper– hyperkinesia excessive movement hypo– hypokinesia insufficient movement  Word Building with –tonia a– atonia lack of tone dys– dystonia abnormal tone hyper– hypertonia excessive tone hypo– hypotonia insufficient tone my/o myotonia muscle tone  References Quick and Easy Medical Terminology, 7th Edition, Peggy C. Leonard, Elsevier, 2014. Page Number: 139-170