Nervous System & Musculoskeletal System PDF

 The Nervous System & Musculoskeletal System Dr NehadAhmed Youness Assistant Professor of Pediatric, Badr University in Assiut (BUA)  The Nervous System glossary Brain: The large organ of the central nervous system composed of white and gray matter, contain...

 The Nervous System & Musculoskeletal System Dr NehadAhmed Youness Assistant Professor of Pediatric, Badr University in Assiut (BUA)  The Nervous System glossary Brain: The large organ of the central nervous system composed of white and gray matter, contained within the cranium and continuous with the spinal cord. Central nervous system (CNS): Anatomical division of the nervous system located within the cranial and vertebral cavities, namely the brain and spinal cord Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Circulatory medium within the CNS that is produced by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus filtering the blood Brain  The Nervous System Autonomic nervous system (ANS): Functional division of the nervous system that is responsible for homeostatic reflexes that coordinate control of cardiac and smooth muscle. Axon: Single process of the neuron that carries an electrical signal (action potential) away from the cell body toward a target cell. Axoplasm: Cytoplasm of an axon, which is different in composition than the cytoplasm of the neuronal cell body. Nerve cell anatomy  The Nervous System glossary Lower motor neuron: Second neuron in the motor command pathway that is directly connected to the skeletal muscle. Nerve: Cord-like bundle of axons located in the peripheral nervous system that transmits sensory input and response output to and from the central nervous system Neuron: Neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for generating and propagating electrical signals into, within, and out of the nervous system The Nervous System Nervous System Central Peripheral Nervous nervous system system (CNS) (PNS) Autonomic nervous Somatic nervous System (ANS) system - Brain consists of cerebrum, - Brain and spinal cord. cerebellum, brain stem (Mid Brain brain, Pons, Medulla oblongata). - Cranial nerves (12) + spinal nerves (31). I II III IV V VI VII VIII X IX XII XI Cranial Nerves (12 Nerves) Neur Nervous system or nerves Neuralgia Pain in the nerves Neuritis Inflammation of the nerves Mening the membranes outside brain Meningitis Inflammation of meninges Meningioma Tumor of meninges -algesia Pain -algia Analgesia The process of controlling pain Neuralgia Pain in the nerve -phasia Speech Aphasia Complete inability for speech Dysphasia Difficult in speech due to central cause in the brain Dysarthria Difficulty in speech due to peripheral causes in tongue or mouth  -Plegia Paralysis 1 Hemiplegia Paralysis of one half of the body right or left side 2 Paraplegia Paralysis of both lower limbs 3 Quadriplegia Paralysis of four limbs 4 Monoplegia Paralysis of one limb -Paresis Weakness or partial paralysis 5 Hemiparesis Weakness of one half of the body 6 Gastroparesis Weakness of the stomach muscle -Phobia Pathological fear Photophobia Fear from light Hydrophobia Fear from water  Encephalo- Brain 1 Encephalitis Inflammation in brain tissue 2 Encephalopathy Pathology in brain due to unknown cause 3 Microcephaly Small-sized brain 4 Anencephaly Baby without brain (cannot live) 5 Electroencephalogram Report of electrical activity of (EEG) brain  Myelo- Spinal cord or bone marrow 1 Myelitis Inflammation of spinal cord or bone marrow 2 Myeloma Tumor of bone marrow 3 Osteomyelitis Inflammation of bone and bone marrow Psycho- Mind 4 Psychology Science deals with studying of the mind 5 Psychosis Mental disorders characterized by loss of contact with reality 6 Antipsych Drugs used to treat psychosis (Schizophrenia) otic drugs Narco- Decrease in level of 7 consciousness Narcotic drugs Drugs that decrease the level of consciousness 8 Narcosis Conditions of decrease in level of  Somno- Sleep 1 Somnolence Excessive sleep 2 Insomnia Failure of sleep Mania- Excitation state 3 Manic Attacks of excitation state 4 attacks Antima Drugs used to treat mania nic drugs Musculoskeletal System Myelo-; bone marrow or bone marrow spine /spine Term Meaning Myelitis inflammation of bone marrow or spine. Arthro-; joint joint Term Meaning Arthrodesis fixation of a joint by fusion. Arthritis inflammation of joints (gouty, rheumatoid)  Tendo-; tendon Term Meaning Tendinitis Inflammation of tendon tendon  Osteo-; bone Term Meaning 1 Osteomyelitis Inflammation of bone 2 Osteoporosis A disease characterized by low bone mass leading to increased risk of fracture. 3 Osteomalacia A marked softening of bones, most often caused by severe vitamin D 4 deficiency. Osteosarcoma A type of cancer that starts in bones.  ImportantRoots Term Meaning Chondro- cartilage Myelo- bone marrow/spine Myo- muscle Costo- rib