History of Life on Earth PDF

HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH MACROSCOPIC LEVEL  Have you ever wondered how life on Earth started and grew into all the plants, animals, and people we see today?  LESSON 01 OBJECTIVES 03 Introduce the major Apply...

HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH MACROSCOPIC LEVEL  Have you ever wondered how life on Earth started and grew into all the plants, animals, and people we see today?  LESSON 01 OBJECTIVES 03 Introduce the major Apply what you learned Introduction periods in the history of Eras to compare past life, including when extinction events with multicellular organisms current environmental appeared and major issues and think about extinctions happened. how they affect life today. 02 Explain why these Eons like the Cambrian events, Explosion and mass extinctions, were important for the evolution of life. PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGY  paleontology Study of the existence of life Origin and eventual extinction biology, geology, ecology, archaeology, computer science evolution of organisms and how they interact with the environment.  PALEONTOLOGIS TS ecologies Studying the of the past and the evolution of organisms that thrived Observation and documentation of fossils Identify the forms of life that existed millions of years ago  Keichosaurus Pterodactylus elegans  GEOLOGY Evidence found on ROCKS.  GEOLOGISTS Study the different materials that make up earth Focusing on the changes of Earth over time In relation to climate change and land formation Investigate rock formations and fossils to measure GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE Significant events in the history of Earth and of the evolution of living things. Scientists were able to develop it by studying rock layers and index fossils worldwide. Able to identify the different groups of organisms that have lived during specific  EONS Largest divisions in the geologic timescale. Composed of hundreds of millions of years. Phanerozoic –more than 500 million years ago. Characterized by the existence of organisms that had  EONS Archaeozoic – the first life forms represented by single-celled organisms appeared (cyanobacteria, archaea and bacteria)  Hadean – characterized by  EONS Proterozoic –the first multicellular organisms arose and where mass extinction occurred. (Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta,  EONS The Archaeozoic, Hadean and Proterozoic eons = Precambrian time; accounts  ERAS Smaller intervals of eons Phanerozoic eon = Paleozoic, PALEOZOIC ERA 540 million years ago and lasted for 300 million years Fossil records became rich with evidence of MESOZOIC ERA 200 million years ago and lasted for 180 million years. “Age of Dinosaurs”; “Age of Reptiles” many kinds of dinosaurs existed. appearance of flowering Plesiosaurs ichthyosaurs pterosaurs CENOZOIC ERA The latest era in the geologic timeline; began from 65 million years ago up to the present. Quaternary and Tertiary periods; primitive mammals and modern human civilization. Mammals have evolved and adapted to live in various environments, including land, water and even air  PERIODS Subdivision of era  Proterozoic eon: Vendian/Ediacaran period – prokaryotic organism began to appear; first with the anaerobic life-forms, & photosynthetic organisms. (e.g. Green and Purple Sulfur bacteria) - only thrived underwater and few fossils existed  Cambrian period hard body parts such as shells and outer skeletons. First known representatives of most animal phyla evolved during this period, which include jellyfishes, worms,  Cambrian period Brachiopods- were small animals with two shells. Trilobites- most dominant macroscopic life forms in this period.  ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN PERIODS Early forms of cephalopods (include octopi and squids) The first vertebrates to appear in this period were jawless fishes which had suckerlike mouths. Orthoceras Agnatha (Pteraspis)  ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN PERIODS Invertebrates, that first appeared in this period were insects. First forms of land plants also appeared during these periods.  Eurepteryds (Sea Scorpion) Lycophytes DEVONIAN PERIOD “Age of Fishes” = many groups of fishes have evolved during this period. Most fishes had jaws, bony skeletons and scales. Sharks appeared in  Armored Fish (Placodermi) Spiny Sharks (Acanthodii) Cartilaginous Fish (Chondrichthyes )  Carboniferous and PERMIAN PERIODS Reptiles, animals with scaly skin that lay eggs with tough leathery shells evolved from amphibians. Winged insects evolved into many forms, such as dragonflies and  Saber-toothed predator (Gorgonopsid) Giant Horsetails (Calamites)  End of Paleozoic Era Many organisms became extinct, including trilobites and many amphibians. The mass extinction affected both plants and animals As much as 95% complex life forms in the oceans disappeared. Reptiles and other groups of fishes survived the mass  MESOZOIC ERA Cretaceous Period Jurassic Period Triassic Period Age when many forms of dinosaurs are believed to have existed on Earth. Their extinction could have been brought about by an asteroid impact and volcanism.  TRIASSIC PERIOD One of the earliest dinosaur species belonged to the genus Coelophysis, which were meat- eaters light, hollow bones to help them run swiftly on their hind legs. Mammals also appeared during the latter part of this period. Mammals during this period were very small (about the size of a mouse). Plateosaurus  JURASSIC PERIOD Dinosaurs became the dominant animals on land for about 150 million years. Dicraeosaurus was one of the largest dinosaurs in this period.  Allosaurus Brachiosaurus  JURASSIC PERIOD Archeopteryx also appeared in this period. The presence of feathers, their similar body structure and the presence of scales usually on their feet made paleontologists believe that birds are close relatives of CRETACIOUS PERIOD Reptiles were the dominant vertebrates on Earth. Several kinds of birds began to exist alongside Pterosaurs (flying reptiles). CRETACIOUS PERIOD New kinds of dinosaurs evolved. Iguanodon and Triceratops species emerged as common herbivores. CRETACIOUS PERIOD Tyrannosaurus rex and Spinosaurus were some of the dominant carnivores in this period. Velociraptor Mongoliensis CRETACIOUS PERIOD Rays, sharks, corals and sea stars, as well as marine reptiles such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs dominated CRETACIOUS PERIOD Angiosperms also arose during this period. The cretaceous period ended with a meteorite- caused mass extinction.  Cenozoic ERA Tertiary Period Quaternary Period  TERTIARY PERIOD Started the emergence of primitive mammals. Grasses emerged, providing a vital food source that encouraged the evolution of today’s grass-eating mammals. QUATERNARY PERIOD “Age of Man” Characterized by a series of ice ages followed by warmer climates. Different marine organisms such as corals, mollusks and sea mammals thrived. Flying insects shared the skies with birds. On land, mammals such as bats, cattle and mammoths become common. QUATERNARY PERIOD Fossil records suggest that the earliest ancestors of our species, called Hominids appeared about 4.5 million years ago. Modern humans called Homo sapiens may have evolved as early QUATERNARY PERIOD They began a series of migrations which resulted in the human colonization of the world. Fossil of a mammoth  EPOCHS Finer subdivisions shown in the Cenozoic era and parts of the Mesozoic era. They are only done for the most recent portion of the geologic timescale because old rocks in the late portions of the timescale have been buried deeply, causing them to be intensely deformed and severely  Geologic Timescale Geologic timescale is an important tool that visually shows Earth’s history. With the help of this timescale, we can look at the past and identify the organisms that have existed a long time ago.  Geologic Time Scale Period Era The concept of a Geologic Time When "periods" are compacted Scale is that a "period" is a basic together according to their unit of geological time during characteristics, this geologic which a specific kind of rock division will comprise the so-called system is produced. "era." Epoch Eon Some "periods" have their own When "eras" are grouped together, subdivision; these geologic this will create the longest geologic subdivisions are called "epochs." subdivision called an "eon." Thank You For Listening WHAT ERA/EON/PERIOD AM I? Primitive mammals A. MESOZOIC ERA B. CENOZOIC ERA C. PALEOZOI C ERA Primitive mammals B. CENOZOIC ERA  sponges A. CAMBRIAN PERIOD B. DEVONIAN PERIOD C. TRIASSIC PERIOD  sponges A. CAMBRIAN PERIOD  insects A. EDIACARAN PERIOD B. ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN PERIOD C. CARBONIFERO US AND PERMIAN  insects B. ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN PERIODS ANGIOSPERMS A. CRETACEU S PERIOD B. TERTIARY PERIOD C. VENDIAN PERIOD ANGIOSPERMS A. CRETACEOUS PERIOD  SINGLE-CELLED A. PROTEROZOI ORGANISMS C EON B. PHANEROZO IC EON C. ARHCAEOZO IC EON  SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS C. ARCHAEOZOI C EON  NEXT MEETING: LONG QUIZ