Module 2 Questions Part 5 PDF

### **1. What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?** a\) Produce surfactant\ b) Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air\ c) Protect against pathogens\ d) Provide structural support for the nose\ e) Store oxygen for later use **Answer:** b) Filter, warm, and humidi...

### **1. What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?** a\) Produce surfactant\ b) Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air\ c) Protect against pathogens\ d) Provide structural support for the nose\ e) Store oxygen for later use **Answer:** b) Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air ### **2. Which structure serves as a common passageway for food and air?** a\) Larynx\ b) Trachea\ c) Pharynx\ d) Esophagus\ e) Bronchi **Answer:** c) Pharynx ### **3. What type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage made of?** a\) Elastic cartilage\ b) Fibrocartilage\ c) Hyaline cartilage\ d) Collagenous cartilage\ e) Compact cartilage **Answer:** c) Hyaline cartilage ### **4. Which part of the larynx is responsible for sound production?** a\) Vestibular folds\ b) True vocal cords\ c) Arytenoid cartilage\ d) Epiglottis\ e) Glottis **Answer:** b) True vocal cords ### **5. What structure divides the nasal cavity into two halves?** a\) Nasal conchae\ b) Nasopharynx\ c) Hard palate\ d) Nasal septum\ e) Vestibule **Answer:** d) Nasal septum ### **6. What is the function of the epiglottis?** a\) Support the trachea\ b) Vibrate during speech\ c) Prevent food from entering the trachea\ d) Trap debris in mucus\ e) Control airflow to the bronchi **Answer:** c) Prevent food from entering the trachea ### **7. What structure marks the point where the trachea divides into two primary bronchi?** a\) Glottis\ b) Carina\ c) Larynx\ d) Secondary bronchi\ e) Terminal bronchioles **Answer:** b) Carina ### **8. Which structure in the respiratory system contains C-shaped cartilage rings?** a\) Bronchioles\ b) Larynx\ c) Trachea\ d) Alveoli\ e) Pharynx **Answer:** c) Trachea ### **9. What type of epithelium lines the trachea?** a\) Simple squamous epithelium\ b) Stratified squamous epithelium\ c) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium\ d) Transitional epithelium\ e) Cuboidal epithelium **Answer:** c) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ### **10. What type of bronchi supply the lobes of the lungs?** a\) Primary bronchi\ b) Secondary bronchi\ c) Tertiary bronchi\ d) Terminal bronchioles\ e) Respiratory bronchioles **Answer:** b) Secondary bronchi ### **11. What is the primary role of surfactant in the lungs?** a\) Increase surface tension in the alveoli\ b) Decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse\ c) Absorb oxygen into the bloodstream\ d) Trap dust particles in mucus\ e) Strengthen the respiratory membrane **Answer:** b) Decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse ### **12. Which cells in the alveoli produce surfactant?** a\) Type I pneumocytes\ b) Type II pneumocytes\ c) Macrophages\ d) Basal cells\ e) Goblet cells **Answer:** b) Type II pneumocytes ### **13. How many lobes does the right lung have?** a\) 1\ b) 2\ c) 3\ d) 4\ e) 5 **Answer:** c) 3 ### **14. What is the name of the indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart?** a\) Hilum\ b) Cardiac notch\ c) Mediastinum\ d) Pleural recess\ e) Pulmonary fissure **Answer:** b) Cardiac notch ### **15. What type of tissue forms the respiratory membrane?** a\) Stratified squamous epithelium\ b) Simple cuboidal epithelium\ c) Simple squamous epithelium\ d) Transitional epithelium\ e) Ciliated columnar epithelium **Answer:** c) Simple squamous epithelium ### **16. What is the primary function of the respiratory zone?** a\) Trap and remove debris\ b) Facilitate gas exchange\ c) Regulate airflow\ d) Produce mucus\ e) Store oxygen **Answer:** b) Facilitate gas exchange ### **17. What structure in the lungs is the site of gas exchange?** a\) Terminal bronchioles\ b) Alveoli\ c) Secondary bronchi\ d) Trachea\ e) Larynx **Answer:** b) Alveoli ### **18. What is the function of pleural fluid?** a\) Facilitate gas exchange\ b) Maintain lung elasticity\ c) Reduce friction between pleural membranes\ d) Promote surfactant production\ e) Protect against pathogens **Answer:** c) Reduce friction between pleural membranes ### **19. What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?** a\) Pleura\ b) Ribs\ c) Diaphragm\ d) Sternum\ e) Trachea **Answer:** c) Diaphragm ### **20. What law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs?** a\) Dalton's Law\ b) Henry's Law\ c) Boyle's Law\ d) Charles's Law\ e) Newton's Law **Answer:** c) Boyle's Law ### **21. What happens to alveolar pressure during expiration?** a\) It decreases below atmospheric pressure.\ b) It increases above atmospheric pressure.\ c) It remains constant.\ d) It matches pleural pressure.\ e) It becomes equal to barometric pressure. **Answer:** b) It increases above atmospheric pressure. ### **22. What is the term for air movement into and out of the lungs?** a\) Internal respiration\ b) External respiration\ c) Pulmonary ventilation\ d) Gas diffusion\ e) Cellular respiration **Answer:** c) Pulmonary ventilation ### **23. What happens to the thoracic volume during inspiration?** a\) It increases.\ b) It decreases.\ c) It remains constant.\ d) It fluctuates randomly.\ e) It matches pleural cavity pressure. **Answer:** a) It increases. ### **24. What condition occurs when the pleural cavity is exposed to atmospheric air?** a\) Pneumothorax\ b) Asthma\ c) Emphysema\ d) Pulmonary edema\ e) Bronchitis **Answer:** a) Pneumothorax ### **25. What causes infant respiratory distress syndrome?** a\) Excess surfactant production\ b) Inadequate surfactant production\ c) Overactive alveolar macrophages\ d) Blockage of the trachea\ e) Excess pleural fluid **Answer:** b) Inadequate surfactant production **26. What is the role of alveolar macrophages?** a\) Produce surfactant\ b) Remove debris and pathogens from alveoli\ c) Stimulate T cells\ d) Increase alveolar surface tension\ e) Facilitate oxygen diffusion **Answer:** b) Remove debris and pathogens from alveoli **27. What prevents alveoli from collapsing during expiration?** a\) High alveolar pressure\ b) Elastic recoil\ c) Surfactant production by type II pneumocytes\ d) Ciliary movement\ e) Increased pleural pressure **Answer:** c) Surfactant production by type II pneumocytes **28. What is the function of the glottis?** a\) Protects the lungs during swallowing\ b) Produces surfactant\ c) Acts as the opening between the vocal cords\ d) Divides the trachea into bronchi\ e) Supports the pharynx **Answer:** c) Acts as the opening between the vocal cords **29. Which muscle is primarily responsible for quiet inspiration?** a\) Internal intercostals\ b) Diaphragm\ c) Abdominal muscles\ d) External obliques\ e) Pectoralis minor **Answer:** b) Diaphragm **30. During labored breathing, which muscles assist with forced expiration?** a\) Scalene muscles\ b) Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles\ c) Diaphragm and pectoralis minor\ d) External intercostals and sternocleidomastoid\ e) Trapezius and scalene muscles **Answer:** b) Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles **31. How does the trachea remain open despite changes in pressure?** a\) Cartilage plates\ b) C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings\ c) Muscular contractions\ d) Elastic recoil\ e) Goblet cells **Answer:** b) C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings **32. What happens to the diaphragm during quiet expiration?** a\) It contracts and flattens.\ b) It relaxes and moves upward.\ c) It contracts and moves upward.\ d) It relaxes and flattens.\ e) It remains stationary. **Answer:** b) It relaxes and moves upward. **33. What is the significance of the respiratory membrane being very thin?** a\) Increases surface tension\ b) Enhances oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion\ c) Reduces surfactant production\ d) Prevents alveolar collapse\ e) Increases airflow resistance **Answer:** b) Enhances oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion **34. What happens to thoracic volume during forced inspiration?** a\) It decreases.\ b) It increases slightly.\ c) It increases significantly.\ d) It remains unchanged.\ e) It fluctuates randomly. **Answer:** c) It increases significantly. **35. What structure supplies air to the bronchopulmonary segments?** a\) Primary bronchi\ b) Secondary bronchi\ c) Tertiary bronchi\ d) Terminal bronchioles\ e) Respiratory bronchioles **Answer:** c) Tertiary bronchi **36. What region of the respiratory tract contains the carina?** a\) Nasal cavity\ b) Pharynx\ c) Trachea\ d) Larynx\ e) Bronchioles **Answer:** c) Trachea **37. What is the role of the pleural cavity in the respiratory system?** a\) Allow airflow into the lungs\ b) Produce surfactant for alveoli\ c) Maintain negative pressure for lung expansion\ d) Remove debris from the trachea\ e) Facilitate ciliary movement **Answer:** c) Maintain negative pressure for lung expansion **38. What type of epithelium is found in the alveolar walls?** a\) Simple squamous epithelium\ b) Stratified squamous epithelium\ c) Simple cuboidal epithelium\ d) Transitional epithelium\ e) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium **Answer:** a) Simple squamous epithelium **39. Which region of the respiratory tract contains the vocal cords?** a\) Pharynx\ b) Larynx\ c) Trachea\ d) Nasal cavity\ e) Bronchi **Answer:** b) Larynx **40. What is the primary function of Type I pneumocytes?** a\) Produce surfactant\ b) Facilitate gas exchange\ c) Remove debris from the alveoli\ d) Protect against pathogens\ e) Increase alveolar surface tension **Answer:** b) Facilitate gas exchange **41. What happens to pleural pressure during inspiration?** a\) It increases above atmospheric pressure.\ b) It decreases below atmospheric pressure.\ c) It remains constant.\ d) It becomes equal to alveolar pressure.\ e) It fluctuates randomly. **Answer:** b) It decreases below atmospheric pressure. **42. What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?** a\) Larynx\ b) Bronchi\ c) Alveoli\ d) Nasal cavity\ e) Esophagus **Answer:** a) Larynx **43. What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory system?** a\) Produce surfactant\ b) Secrete mucus to trap debris\ c) Facilitate gas exchange\ d) Strengthen alveolar walls\ e) Prevent airway collapse **Answer:** b) Secrete mucus to trap debris **44. What happens to alveolar pressure when thoracic volume increases?** a\) Alveolar pressure increases.\ b) Alveolar pressure decreases.\ c) Alveolar pressure remains unchanged.\ d) Alveolar pressure matches pleural pressure.\ e) Alveolar pressure becomes positive. **Answer:** b) Alveolar pressure decreases. **45. What is the function of the hilum in the lungs?** a\) Store oxygen for later use\ b) Facilitate gas exchange\ c) Serve as an entry and exit point for bronchi and blood vessels\ d) Prevent alveolar collapse\ e) Trap debris from inhaled air **Answer:** c) Serve as an entry and exit point for bronchi and blood vessels **46. What structure increases the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs?** a\) Bronchioles\ b) Alveoli\ c) Trachea\ d) Nasopharynx\ e) Vocal cords **Answer:** b) Alveoli **47. What prevents the trachea from collapsing?** a\) Surfactant\ b) Hyaline cartilage rings\ c) Pleural pressure\ d) Elastic recoil\ e) Goblet cells **Answer:** b) Hyaline cartilage rings **48. What causes air to flow out of the lungs during expiration?** a\) Decreased alveolar pressure\ b) Increased alveolar pressure\ c) Relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals\ d) Increased pleural pressure\ e) Contraction of type I pneumocytes **Answer:** b) Increased alveolar pressure **49. What defines the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?** a\) Sites where gas exchange occurs\ b) Passageways that move air to the respiratory zone\ c) Alveoli and capillaries\ d) Regions lined with pseudostratified epithelium\ e) Structures containing surfactant **Answer:** b) Passageways that move air to the respiratory zone **50. What happens when pleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure?** a\) The lungs overinflate.\ b) The lungs collapse (pneumothorax).\ c) Air continues flowing into the lungs.\ d) The diaphragm contracts.\ e) Gas exchange stops, but the lungs remain inflated. **Answer:** b) The lungs collapse (pneumothorax).