Module 2 Questions Part 5
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

  • Produce surfactant
  • Provide structural support for the nose
  • Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air (correct)
  • Protect against pathogens
  • Store oxygen for later use

Which structure serves as a common passageway for food and air?

  • Esophagus
  • Bronchi
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx (correct)
  • Trachea

What type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage made of?

  • Fibrocartilage
  • Collagenous cartilage
  • Hyaline cartilage (correct)
  • Compact cartilage
  • Elastic cartilage

Which part of the larynx is responsible for sound production?

<p>True vocal cords (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure divides the nasal cavity into two halves?

<p>Nasal septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis?

<p>Prevent food from entering the trachea (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure marks the point where the trachea divides into two primary bronchi?

<p>Carina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the respiratory system contains C-shaped cartilage rings?

<p>Trachea (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

<p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bronchi supply the lobes of the lungs?

<p>Secondary bronchi (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of surfactant in the lungs?

<p>Decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the alveoli produce surfactant?

<p>Type II pneumocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the right lung have?

<p>3 (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart?

<p>Cardiac notch (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue forms the respiratory membrane?

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory zone?

<p>Facilitate gas exchange (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the lungs is the site of gas exchange?

<p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pleural fluid?

<p>Reduce friction between pleural membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

<p>Diaphragm (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs?

<p>Boyle's Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to alveolar pressure during expiration?

<p>It increases above atmospheric pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for air movement into and out of the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary ventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thoracic volume during inspiration?

<p>It increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when the pleural cavity is exposed to atmospheric air?

<p>Pneumothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes infant respiratory distress syndrome?

<p>Inadequate surfactant production (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

<p>Remove debris and pathogens from alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents alveoli from collapsing during expiration?

<p>Surfactant production by type II pneumocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for quiet inspiration?

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During labored breathing, which muscles assist with forced expiration?

<p>Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the trachea remain open despite changes in pressure?

<p>C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during quiet expiration?

<p>It relaxes and moves upward. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the respiratory membrane being very thin?

<p>Enhances oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to thoracic volume during forced inspiration?

<p>It increases significantly. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure supplies air to the bronchopulmonary segments?

<p>Tertiary bronchi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What region of the respiratory tract contains the carina?

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleural cavity in the respiratory system?

<p>Maintain negative pressure for lung expansion (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the alveolar walls?

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory tract contains the vocal cords?

<p>Larynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Type I pneumocytes?

<p>Facilitate gas exchange (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pleural pressure during inspiration?

<p>It decreases below atmospheric pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?

<p>Larynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory system?

<p>Secrete mucus to trap debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to alveolar pressure when thoracic volume increases?

<p>Alveolar pressure decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hilum in the lungs?

<p>Serve as an entry and exit point for bronchi and blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure increases the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the trachea from collapsing?

<p>Hyaline cartilage rings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes air to flow out of the lungs during expiration?

<p>Increased alveolar pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?

<p>Passageways that move air to the respiratory zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when pleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure?

<p>The lungs collapse (pneumothorax). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nasal Cavity's Role

The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air before it reaches the lungs.

Pharynx: Food & Air Path

The pharynx is a shared passageway for both food and air, connecting the mouth and nose to the esophagus and trachea.

Thyroid Cartilage

The thyroid cartilage, located in the larynx, is made of hyaline cartilage. It provides structure and support for the voice box.

True Vocal Cords

The true vocal cords are responsible for sound production in the larynx. They vibrate when air passes over them.

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Nasal Septum

The nasal septum is a wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into two halves.

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Epiglottis's Job

The epiglottis acts like a lid, closing over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

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Carina: Trachea's Split

The carina is the point where the trachea divides into the two primary bronchi, leading to each lung.

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Trachea's Structure

The trachea is made up of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings that keep it open and prevent collapse.

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Trachea's Lining

The trachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, which helps to trap and move debris out of the airway.

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Secondary Bronchi

Secondary bronchi are responsible for supplying air to the lobes of the lungs.

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Surfactant's Role

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during expiration.

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Type II Pneumocytes

Type II pneumocytes in the alveoli are responsible for producing surfactant.

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Right Lung's Lobes

The right lung has three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower lobes.

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Cardiac Notch

The cardiac notch is an indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart.

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Respiratory Membrane

The respiratory membrane is the thin wall that separates the air in the alveoli from the blood capillaries, allowing gas exchange.

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Respiratory Zone's Role

The respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, primarily within the alveoli.

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Alveoli: Gas Exchange Site

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

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Pleural Fluid's Function

Pleural fluid is found in the pleural cavity and helps to reduce friction between the two pleural membranes during lung expansion and contraction.

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Diaphragm: Thoracic-Abdominal Divider

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity (thorax) from the abdominal cavity.

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Boyle's Law: Pressure & Volume

Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in a closed space. In lungs, increasing volume decreases pressure and vice-versa.

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Alveolar Pressure During Expiration

During expiration, the alveoli contract, increasing alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure, forcing air out.

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Pulmonary Ventilation: Air Movement

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the process of air movement in and out of the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

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Thoracic Volume During Inspiration

During inspiration, the thoracic volume increases as the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands, creating lower pressure and drawing air in.

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Pneumothorax: Lung Collapse

Pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse due to loss of negative pressure.

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Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Infant respiratory distress syndrome occurs due to inadequate surfactant production in premature infants, causing their alveoli to collapse.

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Alveolar Macrophages' Role

Alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli, engulfing and removing debris and pathogens to keep the lungs clean.

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Surfactant Preventing Collapse

Surfactant produced by Type II pneumocytes reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during expiration.

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Glottis: Vocal Cord Opening

The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx. It controls airflow and is crucial for sound production.

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Diaphragm: Quiet Inspiration Muscle

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for quiet inspiration, contracting and flattening to increase thoracic volume.

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Forced Expiration Muscles

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles assist with forced expiration, contracting to reduce thoracic volume and expel air.

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Trachea's Open Structure

The C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings in the trachea provide support and prevent collapse, ensuring airflow even during pressure changes.

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Diaphragm in Quiet Expiration

During quiet expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, reducing thoracic volume and forcing air out.

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Respiratory Membrane Thinness

The respiratory membrane's very thin structure allows for efficient diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out.

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Thoracic Volume in Forced Inspiration

During forced inspiration, thoracic volume increases significantly due to the contraction of accessory muscles alongside the diaphragm.

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Tertiary (Segmental) Bronchi

Tertiary bronchi are the smaller branches of the secondary bronchi that supply air to specific bronchopulmonary segments in each lung.

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Carina's Location

The carina, the point where the trachea splits into two primary bronchi, is located at the end of the trachea.

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Pleural Cavity's Role

The pleural cavity maintains a negative pressure, allowing the lungs to expand and contract during breathing by creating a vacuum seal.

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Alveolar Wall Epithelium

The alveolar walls are lined with simple squamous epithelium, a single layer of thin cells that facilitates gas exchange.

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Larynx: Vocal Cord Location

The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is where the vocal cords are located.

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Type I Pneumocytes' Function

Type I pneumocytes make up the majority of the alveolar wall and are responsible for gas exchange.

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Pleural Pressure During Inspiration

During inspiration, pleural pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure as the chest expands, creating suction to draw air into the lungs.

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Larynx: Pharynx to Trachea Connection

The larynx, or voice box, connects the pharynx (throat) to the trachea (windpipe).

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Goblet Cell Function

Goblet cells in the respiratory tract secrete mucus, which traps debris and pathogens inhaled into the airway.

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Alveolar Pressure During Volume Increase

When thoracic volume increases during inspiration, alveolar pressure decreases, drawing air into the lungs.

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Hilum: Entry & Exit Point

The hilum is an indentation on the lung surface where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lung.

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Alveoli: Surface Area Increase

The numerous tiny air sacs called alveoli in the lungs greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange, maximizing oxygen absorption.

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Trachea's Collapse Protection

The C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings provide structural support to the trachea, keeping it open and preventing collapse, ensuring efficient airflow.

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Expiration Due to Increased Pressure

Air is forced out of the lungs during expiration when alveolar pressure increases above atmospheric pressure, due to the relaxation of muscles and elastic recoil.

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Conducting Zone: Air Transport

The conducting zone of the respiratory system consists of the passageways that transport air to the respiratory zone where gas exchange takes place. It includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

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Pneumothorax: Pressure Equalization

A pneumothorax occurs when pleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure, leading to lung collapse due to the loss of negative pressure needed for expansion.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Functions and Structures

  • Nasal Cavity Function: Filtering, warming, and humidifying incoming air.
  • Common Passageway: The pharynx serves as a common passageway for both food and air.
  • Thyroid Cartilage Composition: Hyaline cartilage.
  • Sound Production: Sound production occurs in the larynx's true vocal cords.
  • Nasal Cavity Division: The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two halves.
  • Epiglottis Function: Prevents food from entering the trachea.
  • Trachea Division Point: The carina marks where the trachea divides into two primary bronchi.
  • Trachea Structure: The trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings.
  • Trachea Epithelium: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lines the trachea..
  • Bronchi Supplying Lungs: Secondary bronchi supply the lobes of the lungs.
  • Surfactant Role: Decreasing alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.
  • Surfactant Production Cells: Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant in the alveoli.
  • Right Lung Lobes: The right lung has three lobes.
  • Cardiac Notch Location: The cardiac notch is an indentation in the left lung.
  • Respiratory Membrane Composition: Simple squamous epithelium.
  • Respiratory Zone Function: Facilitating gas exchange.
  • Gas Exchange Site: Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.
  • Pleural Fluid Function: Reducing friction between pleural membranes during lung expansion and contraction.

Additional Respiratory Details

  • Thoracic Volume During Inspiration: Increases.
  • Pneumothorax: Occurs when the pleural cavity is exposed to atmospheric air.
  • Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cause: Inadequate surfactant production.
  • Alveolar Macrophages Role: Removing debris and pathogens from the alveoli.
  • Alveolar Collapse Prevention: Surfactant production by type II pneumocytes.
  • Glottis Function: Acts as the opening between the vocal cords.
  • Quiet Inspiration Muscle: The diaphragm.
  • Forced Expiration Muscles: Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles.
  • Trachea Support: C-shaped hyaline cartilage.
  • Pressure-Volume Relationship: Boyle's law.
  • Alveolar Pressure During Expiration: Increases above atmospheric pressure.
  • Ventilation Term: Pulmonary ventilation.
  • Respiratory Membrane Thinness Significance: Enhancing oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion.
  • Thoracic Volume Forced Inspiration Changes: Increases significantly.
  • Bronchopulmonary Segment Air Supply: Tertiary bronchi.
  • Respiratory Tract Carina Location: Trachea.
  • Pleural Cavity Role: Maintaining negative pressure for lung expansion.
  • Alveolar Wall Epithelium: Simple squamous epithelium.
  • Vocal Cord Location: Larynx.
  • Type I Pneumocytes Function: Facilitating gas exchange.
  • Pleural Pressure During Inspiration: Decreases below atmospheric pressure.
  • Pharynx to Trachea Connection: Larynx.
  • Goblet Cell Function: Secreting mucus to trap inhaled debris.
  • Alveolar Pressure Changes with Thoracic Volume: Alveolar pressure decreases when thoracic volume increases, and increases during expiration.
  • Hilum Function: Serving as an entry and exit point for bronchi and blood vessels.
  • Structures Increasing Gas Exchange Surface Area: Alveoli.
  • Trachea Collapse Prevention: C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.
  • Expiration Airflow Cause: Increased alveolar pressure.

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Module 2 Questions Part 5 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the functions and structures of the respiratory system. This quiz covers key topics such as the nasal cavity, trachea, and sound production in the larynx. Challenge yourself and solidify your understanding of how the respiratory system operates.

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