Module 1.1 Segments and Motion.ppt

OT 505 Human Structure and Function I INTRODUCTION: Segments and Motions A body system is: “ A collection of organs and structures sharing a common function.” How many body systems can you name? Body Systems Include: Integumentary Cardiovascular Skeletal...

OT 505 Human Structure and Function I INTRODUCTION: Segments and Motions A body system is: “ A collection of organs and structures sharing a common function.” How many body systems can you name? Body Systems Include: Integumentary Cardiovascular Skeletal Digestive Muscular Reproductive Respiratory Endocrine Nervous Lymphatic  Which 3 body systems are involved the most in human movement? Which 3 body systems are involved the most in human movement? Skeletal Muscular Nervous Musculoskeletal Anatomy Components Simple concepts: Body arranged in a logical way Good grasp of descriptive terminology and visualize the concept Basic principles affecting the muscles and understand their function: elbow ANATOMICAL: REGIONS or SEGMENTS Regional Anatomy or Segments of Body: Organizes structural parts by regions/bones Upper Extremity(UE),Lower Extremity(LE), Trunk, Head & Neck Subdivisions within the regions  ANATOMICAL REGIONS Upper Extremity comprises- arm, forearm & hand Lower Extremity comprises- thigh, calf & foot Trunk: 2 segments Thorax (Chest) comprises- ribs, sternum & thoracic vertebrae Abdomen comprises- pelvis, stomach & lumbar vertebrae Neck comprises- cervical vertebrae Head comprises- skull ANATOMICAL REGIONS BACK cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacroiliac UPPER LIMB axillary, brachial, cubital LOWER LIMB gluteal, femoral, popliteal ANATOMICAL POSITION: DEFINITION Erect posture Head, eyes and toes pointing forward Feet together Arms by the side Forearms supinated (palms facing forward) ANATOMICAL POSITION A reference when describing parts of the body in relation to each other A standard way of documenting where one part of the body is in relation to another. DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY Describes location of structures relative to the anatomical position Dorsal (relative to the back surface) posterior Ventral (relative to the front surface) anterior Inferior - nearer to the feet Superior - nearer to the head Medial - towards midline Lateral - away from midline Distal - away from trunk Proximal - toward trunk DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY Is the sternum on the dorsal or ventral surface of the body? Is the jaw superior or inferior to the pelvis?  REVIEW DESCRIPTIVE POSITIONS BODY SEGMENTS  ANATOMICAL PLANES Human movement occurs in 3 planes Planes of action are fixed lines of reference which the body is divided Sagittal Frontal/Coronal Transverse/Horizontal Center of gravity is where the 3 planes intersect  ANATOMICAL PLANES Sagittal plane Divides body into left and right sections Bony Movements occur in an anterior/posterior direction Flexion/Extension  ANATOMICAL PLANES Frontal plane (Coronal) Divides body into front and back parts Bone Movement occurs in side-to- side direction abduction, adduction radial/ulnar deviation eversion/inversion  ANATOMICAL PLANES Horizontal/ Transverse Divides body into top and bottom sections Movement is rotational Medial & lateral rotation Supination & pronation  MOVEMENT TERMS Flexion - forward movement in sagittal plane Extension -backward movement in sagittal plane Hyperextension - extension beyond the anatomical position  MOVEMENT TERMS Lateral flexion - side bending Dorsi flexion - movement toward dorsum of foot Plantar flexion - movement toward the plantar surface of the foot Rotation - movement in the transverse plane MOVEMENT TERMS Medial ( Internal) rotation - rotation towards the midline Lateral (External) rotation- rotation away from the midline Circumduction- rotation occurring in 360°  MOVEMENT TERMS Which plane do these movements occur in? Pronation - rotation of the forearm (palm down) Supination - rotation of the forearm (palm up) MOVEMENT TERMS Abduction - movement away from midline Adduction- movement towards midline Protraction - movement in forward direction (scapula) Retraction - movement in a backward direction (scapula)  Plane Motion Sagittal plane Flexion Extension Frontal plane Abduction / Adduction (Coronal) Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Lateral flexion Transverse plane Medial & Lateral rotation (Horizontal) Horizontal Abduction Horizontal Adduction Supination Pronation  JOINT MOVEMENTS Flexion/extension/hypertension Abduction/adduction Horizontal abduction/adduction Radial/ulnar deviation  JOINT MOVEMENTS Lateral bending Circumduction Medial/lateral rotation/spinal rotation Supination/pronation Protraction/retraction Joints can also be described by Degrees of Freedom Refers to the number of planes of motion allowed at a joint: Uniaxial- one degree (elbow) Biaxial- two degrees of freedom (MCP) Triaxial- three degrees of freedom (Shoulder and Hip joint) Refer to the figure Identify the positions of below to answer the neck, shoulder, elbow and forearm. the questions Girl 1- Neck extension Shoulder anatomical position Elbow flexed (90 degrees) Forearm supinated Girl 2 Neck extension Shoulder flexed Elbow extended Forearm anatomical position 1 2 Refer to the figures below to answer the questions Woman on left What position is her… right shoulder? neck? Elbow Woman on right What position is her… Right shoulder Elbow Left hand fingers Review Name 3 Body systems related to movement Name 7 anatomical regions Describe anatomical position Name 4 terms to describe structures relative to anatomical position Describe 3 anatomical planes Explain the concept of ‘Degrees of Freedom’ Demonstrate movements for each movement term