Questions and Answers
How many body systems can you name?
At least 11: Integumentary, Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, Endocrine, Nervous, Lymphatic
Which 3 body systems are involved the most in human movement?
Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous
What does the anatomical position entail?
Erect posture, head, eyes and toes pointing forward, feet together, arms by the side, forearms supinated.
Is the sternum on the dorsal or ventral surface of the body?
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Is the jaw superior or inferior to the pelvis?
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Name the 3 anatomical planes.
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What is meant by 'Degrees of Freedom' in joints?
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What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
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Which of the following is a movement towards the midline?
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Describe the flexion and extension movements.
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What type of joint allows for three degrees of freedom?
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Study Notes
Body Systems
- A body system consists of organs and structures that share a common function.
- Major body systems include Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Digestive, Reproductive, Respiratory, Endocrine, Nervous, and Lymphatic.
- The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous systems are most involved in human movement.
Musculoskeletal Anatomy
- Body organization follows a logical structure, utilizing descriptive terminology for clarity.
- Key functional principles inform muscle behavior, such as flexion and extension at the elbow.
Anatomical Regions
- They categorize the body’s structure by regions:
- Upper Extremity (arm, forearm, hand)
- Lower Extremity (thigh, calf, foot)
- Trunk (Thorax and Abdomen)
- Head & Neck (skull, cervical vertebrae)
Anatomical Position
- Defined as upright posture with head, eyes, and toes facing forward, feet together, arms at sides, and forearms supinated.
- This position serves as a standard reference for anatomical descriptions.
Descriptive Terminology
- Key terms relate structures to anatomical position:
- Dorsal: back surface
- Ventral: front surface
- Inferior: nearer to feet
- Superior: nearer to head
- Medial: towards midline
- Lateral: away from midline
- Distal: away from trunk
- Proximal: towards trunk
Anatomical Planes
- Human movement occurs in three planes, serving as fixed reference lines:
- Sagittal Plane: divides left and right; enables flexion and extension movements.
- Frontal (Coronal) Plane: divides front and back; facilitates abduction/adduction movements.
- Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: divides top and bottom; allows rotational movements.
Movement Terms
- Movement types in the sagittal plane include:
- Flexion: forward movement
- Extension: backward movement
- Hyperextension: beyond anatomical position
- Additional movements:
- Lateral flexion: side bending
- Dorsi flexion: foot dorsum movement
- Plantar flexion: foot plantar movement
- Medial/Lateral rotation: rotation towards/away from the midline
- Circumduction: circular movement of a limb.
Joint Movements
- Common joint movements include:
- Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction
- Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
- Rotation (medial/lateral) and Circumduction
- Protraction/Retraction
- Joints can be classified by Degrees of Freedom:
- Uniaxial: one degree (e.g., elbow)
- Biaxial: two degrees (e.g., MCP joints)
- Triaxial: three degrees (e.g., Shoulder and Hip)
Review Questions
- Identify three body systems related to movement.
- List seven anatomical regions.
- Describe the anatomical position.
- Define four terms to describe structural locations.
- Explain three anatomical planes.
- Clarify the concept of Degrees of Freedom.
- Demonstrate movements for each movement term.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the human body systems and their functions. This quiz covers various systems such as integumentary, muscular, and cardiovascular, along with their role in human movement. Prepare to explore the connections between anatomy and physiology.
