Human Movement - Midterm Reviewer PDF

**[Introduction to Human Movement]** **Movement Enhancement** - [teach human movement], benefits to the body's health **Movement** - basic activity of a man **Quickening** - baby's first movements **AT BIRTH** 1. Arm and legs Flexing/Stretching 2. Sucking 3. Tonic Neck Reflexes **AFTER FE...

**[Introduction to Human Movement]** **Movement Enhancement** - [teach human movement], benefits to the body's health **Movement** - basic activity of a man **Quickening** - baby's first movements **AT BIRTH** 1. Arm and legs Flexing/Stretching 2. Sucking 3. Tonic Neck Reflexes **AFTER FEW MONTHS** 1. Tumble 2. Crawl 3. Stand 4. Walk **Childhood** - More Complex and wider **Adulthood** - More complex but more accurate **Physical Development and Movement** - foundation of Physical Education, [fundamental to specialized] complex movement skills **Movement Education** - wide [variety of experiential activities] where one learns the capabilities of bodies **Significance of Human Movement** 1. Better understanding of our body 2. Preventing and treating injuries 3. More efficient in doing our daily activities 4. Plan diet to ensure healthy lifestyle **Different Sciences related to Human Movement** 1. **Sports Biomechanics Kinesiology (Sports Biomechanics)** - science of human movement 2. **Exercise Physiology** - study of body's response to exercise 3. **Sports Psychology** - psychological knowledge and skills addressing well-being **Anatomy** - branch of biology concerned with the study of organisms **Epidemiology** - branch of medicine that deals with the incidence **GENERAL FACTORSAFFECTING MOVEMENT** 1. **Physiological Factors** - parts, and functions of the different parts of the body 2. **Psychological Factors** - fear, anxiety, anger, high morale, and self- confidence 3. **Sociological Factors** - Membership in a group 4. **Physical Factors** - body composition, injuries, and rest 5. **Nutrition, Hydration, and Proper Rest** - proper nutrition, and well rested body **[Structures of Body I]** **Body** - ultimate mover that makes us either enjoy or hate life **Body Types** - known as physique classification, distinguish certain physiological and personality traits **Ernst Kretschmer** - German psychiatrist who proposed the types of physique similar to Sheldon's classification 1. Asthenic 2. Athletic 3. Pyknic **William Sheldon** - an American psychologist known for his theory on physique with personality and delinquency 1. Ectomorph 2. Mesomorph 3. Endomorph **Body System** - arrangement of organs **System** - made up of organs **Cell** - biological basis of life **Skeletal System** - protects the body organs **Long Bones** - humerus, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, femur, metacarpals, phalenges **Short Bones** - carpal and tarsal **Flat Bones** - skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae **Irregular Bones** - skull, vertebrate, hip **Sesamoid Bone** - patella **Muscular System** - composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle **Types of Muscles** 1. **Cardiac Muscles** - forms walls of heart 2. **Visceral / Smooth muscles** - found in organ such as digestive or respiratory system 3. **Skeletal muscles** - attach to skeleton **[\ ]** **[Structures of Body II]** **Anatomical Position** - body facing you, feet placed together, and flat on the floor **Body Planes** 1. **Coronal Plane** - divides body into front and back 2. **Transverse Plane** - divides body into superior and inferior 3. **Sagittal Plane** - Divides body into left and right **Anatomical Structures** 1. **Anterior** - towards the front 2. **Posterior** - towards the back 3. **Superior** - towards the head 4. **Inferior** - towards the feet 5. **Medial** -- vertical, locating structure nearer to the midline of the body 6. **Lateral** - horizontal, locating structure nearer to the midline of the body 7. **Supine** - body lying on plane with face up 8. **Prone** - body lying with face down 9. **Proximal** - Closer to the origin 10. **Distal** - farther from the point of attachment 11. **Superficial** - toward or on the surface of the body 12. **Deep** - away from the surface of the body **ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS** 1. **Abduction** - movement away from the midline 2. **Adduction** - movement towards the midline 3. **Supination** - move the wrist and hand from palm-facing-up 4. **Pronation** - move the wrist and hand from palm-facing-down 5. **Flexion** - movement that decreases the angle between two body parts 6. **Extension** - movement that increases the angle between two body parts 7. **Plantar Flexion** - pointing the foot down into the ground 8. **Dorsi Flexion** - pointing the foot towards the sky 9. **Inversion** - bringing the soles of the feet in 10. **Eversion** - refers to bringing the soles of the feet out 11. **Protraction** - movement in the transverse plane that displaces a part of the body anteriorly 12. **Retraction** - movement in the transverse plane that displaces a part of the body posteriorly 13. **Depression** - movement in an inferior direction 14. **Elevation** - movement in a superior direction 15. **Circumduction** - conical movement of a limb 16. **Rotation** - movements made about the longitudinal axis **[Physical Fitness and its Components]** **Physical Fitness** - ability to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue **Components of Physical Fitness** 1. **Health Related** - contribute to the development of health a. **Body Composition** - ratio of fat to muscle b. **Cardiovascular Fitness** - ability of heart and lungs to function efficiently c. **Flexibility** - ability of joints to move full range of motion d. **Muscular Endurance** - ability to continue muscle movements for a period of time e. **Muscular Strength** - ability of the muscle to exert force 2. **Skill Related** - consists of enhanced performance in athletic activities a. **Agility** - capacity to change direction of body quickly b. **Balance** - ability to maintain an posture while still or moving c. **Coordination** - ability to integrate the senses with muscle d. **Power** - ability to do strength work at an explosive pace e. **Speed** - ability to move body from one point to another in shortest time f. **Reaction Time** - time required to respond or initiate a movement **Physical Fitness Test** 1. **Sit and Reach** - Flexibility 2. **Curl-Up** - Abdominal Strength 3. **Push-Up** - Arm strength 4. **Vertical Jump** -- Leg Power 5. **Hexagon** - Agility 6. **3 Minutes Step-Up** - General Endurance 7. **30-Meter Dash** - Speed **Terminologies in Physical Education** 1. **Physical Fitness** - ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue 2. **Fitness Program** - plan to help improve their health and physical condition 3. **Aerobic Fitness (Cardio or Endurance)** - cornerstone of most fitness training programs 4. **Core Exercises** - improve muscles in abdomen, lower back, and pelvis 5. **Strength Training (Muscular Fitness)** - helps increase bone strength and muscular fitness 6. **Balance Training** - training that helps in stabilizing the core muscles 7. **Flexibility and Stretching** - promote flexibility and improves the range of motion of your joints **F.I.T.T.** 1. **Frequency** - rate at which something occurs or is repeated over 2. **Intensity** - state or quality of being intense extreme force, 3. **TIME (Sets and Reps)** - period of time doing an action 4. **Type** - kind of exercise a person do **Progression** - process of developing **Regression** - process or an instance of regressing **Contralateral** - side of the body opposite **Ipsilateral** - same side of the body **Flexibility** - quality of bending easily without breaking **Mobility** - ability to move or be moved freely and easily **Locomotor** - move from one place to another **Non-Locomotor** - moving on the spot without going anywhere **[Nutrition]** **Nutrition** - process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair **Major Nutrients** 1. **Carbohydrates--Rich Food** - energy-giving foods 2. **Protein--Rich Food** - building blocks of the body that build and repair body tissues 3. **Fat--Rich Food** - body's concentrated source of energy 4. **Vitamins and Minerals--Rich Foods** - \"regulator of metabolic processes\", organic compounds that help regulate nutrients 5. **Hydration** - essential nutrient needed by our body, 8-10 glasses of water daily **Healthy Eating Habit** 1. Knowing yourself. 2. Eat different and colourful foods at the right time. 3. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. 4. Avoid processed foods. 5. Eat only sufficient amount of fats and sugars. 6. Hydrate properly and regularly. 7. Eat the right amount of food to keep the ideal body weight and exercise regularly. 8. Eat less salt. 9. Don't skip meals. 10. Consume more organic foods. **Food Groups** 1. **Go Foods** - carbohydrates, "pampalakas at pampasigla" 2. **Glow Foods** - vitamins and minerals, "panlaban sa sakit at pampatibay ng buto" 3. **Grow Foods** - proteins, "pampatangkad at pampabuo ng katawan" **Pinggang Pinoy** - visual tool that serve as a quick guide for Filipinos in consuming the right food every meal to be healthy 1. Kids (3 to 12 years old) 2. Teens (13 to 18 years old) 3. Adults (19 to 59 years old) 4. Older People (60 and above years old) 5. Pregnant, and Lactating Woman **Guidelines for Weight and Health Maintenance** 1. Eat balance meals every day. 2. Follow a consistent eating pattern. 3. Maintain your ideal weight. 4. Eat low-calories snacks and avoid junk foods. 5. Cut down on high-fat foods and eat more lean meats. 6. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water a day. 7. Eat amidst a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere. 8. Food supplements may be taken if necessary.