Memorandum Definition & Template PDF

What is a memorandum -- definition                  It is good to understand the meaning of a memo before you proceed to encode one so that you can be, of what you are writing. A memorandum is a short notice usually written by the management to address a certain policy or give a certain announceme...

What is a memorandum -- definition                  It is good to understand the meaning of a memo before you proceed to encode one so that you can be, of what you are writing. A memorandum is a short notice usually written by the management to address a certain policy or give a certain announcement or changes in an organization. In official instances, a memo is usually written by the organization heads, but even students at different levels of education may be examined on the same.                  So, whether you are a student or working-class, writing a memo is a very important skill that you cannot afford to miss. A memo can also be written in a business case where you are writing to confirm to your suppliers that you have received certain goods. This type of memo called a business memorandum.                  The format of a memo is much simpler. You write "Memo" or "Memorandum" at the top, followed by a To line, a From line, a Date line, a Subject line, and then the actual body of the message. Traditionally, you would print out a memo and distribute it to the relevant parties inside your small business.                  A memo (also known as a memorandum, or "reminder") is used for internal communications regarding procedures or official business within an organization. Unlike an email, a memo is a message you send to a large group of employees, like your entire department or everyone at the company. You might need to write a memo to inform staff of upcoming events, or broadcast internal changes.       Business Memo Template   TO:   FROM:   DATE:   SUBJECT:   I'm writing to inform you that \[reason for writing memo\].   As our company continues to grow... \[evidence or reason to support your opening paragraph\].   Please let me know if you have any questions. In the meantime, I'd appreciate your cooperation as \[official business information\] takes place.       Header:                  In your header, you'll want to clearly label your content "Memorandum" so your readers know exactly they're receiving. Then, you'll want to include "TO", "FROM", "DATE", and "SUBJECT". This information is relevant for providing content, like who you're addressing, and why.   Paragraph One:                  In the first paragraph, you'll want to quickly and clearly state the purpose of your memo. You might begin your sentence with the phrase, "I'm writing to inform you... " or "I'm writing to request... ". A memo is meant to be short, clear, and to-the-point. You'll want to deliver your most critical information upfront, and then use subsequent paragraphs as opportunities to dive into more detail.   Paragraph Two:                  In the second paragraph, you'll want to provide context or supporting evidence. For instance, let's say your memo is informing the company of an internal re-organization. If this is the case, paragraph two should say something like, "As our company continues to grow, we've decided it makes more sense to separate our video production team from our content team. This way, those teams can focus more on their individual goals."   Paragraph Three:                  In the third paragraph, you'll want to include your specific request of each employee -- if you're planning a team outing, this is the space you'd include, "Please RSVP with dietary restrictions," or "Please email me with questions." On the contrary, if you're informing staff of  upcoming construction to the building, you might say, "I'd appreciate your cooperation during this time." Even if there isn't any specific action you expect from employees, it's helpful to include how you hope they'll handle the news and whether you expect them to do something in response to the memo.       How to write a good memo                  It is good to know how to come up with the best memo so that whatever you are trying to pass across to your audience is clear. In most cases, a memo is usually used to address very critical matters and therefore it has to come out clear so that the content of the information being passed is not distorted. Below are some of the tips that you need to pay attention to while writing your memo:   1. Make it a s short as possible- the memo should not be lengthy because it will be tiresome to read. Most people would want to go through it with the shortest time possible but acquire all the information. You need to summarize as much as you can. The shorter your memo will be, the more the readers because most people are prone to be ignorant to lengthy notices. 2.   3. Use simple English- you should not use complex language while writing your memo because the readers may end up missing up important points and your memorandum will not have served its purpose. Avoid too much use of vocabularies in your work. 4.     3.      Use a captivating heading- the heading of your memo should attract readers- you should be very selective in the words that you use for your heading because that is the first impression that your readers would come across. Others would just read the heading and leave, so it is your responsibility to make them curious to read the rest of the document. There are different ways that you can use to captivate the readers:   5. Use bolding on emphasize- you should use bold letters in the action that expect your readers to take so that it can attract their attention and they will have gotten the message. 6.     5.      Use a different color for the heading- you can decide to use a different color for your heading so that it can attract readers from a distance.   7. Avoid simple grammar and spelling errors- you should be very cautious in memo writing because a simple spelling mistake may confuse the intended information that you needed to pass and that would be chaos especially if it is a critical matter that affects an organization. You should go through your memo after writing to ensure that everything reads as required. 8.         A memorandum writing format.                  The format of your memo should adhere to the required rubric because one can be able to identify a memo from its format. In the notice board you may find several notices of which others are usually, meant for motivations purposes, so it is the format that will distinguish your memo from other notices.       The header                  At the top of the page, you should indicate that it is a memo in capital letters. This helps to give identity to your document.       The recipient addresses                  Immediately after the header, you should write the recipient address. Be official in writing the name of the recipient whether it is one person or a group of people. The address helps the readers to know whom the memo is being addressed to. You should also include other recipients if you wish your memo to address a different group of people. When you have more than one recipient, you can use the following format:   TO             :   CC            :   FROM      :   DATE        :   SUBJECT  :                  In this format, the cc will serve to address another recipient that you wish to address apart from your main.       The sender                  After the recipient's address, you should indicate where the memo is coming from, write your name and your position if you have one so that the readers can be able to know you.               The date                  After writing the senders name you should write the date in the right format so that the readers can be able to know when was the memo sent. The date is important because it distinguishes the old and new memos in the notice board.       The title                  After the date, you should write the title of the memo. In the title, you should indicate what the memo is all about clearly. The title carries a heavy weight In your memo because it should tell the reader what the memo is all about in the shortest words.                  On the formatting of the heading and the addresses you should:            Ensure that the content is double spaced. This helps to improve the clarity of your document.            Align all the content to the left side of your page- you should align the date and the addresses to the left side of the page.              You should write the start of the address with capital letters. For example, when writing to your staff and you are the IT director of a certain company you will proceed on as follows:       TO            :  All Staff   FROM     : The IT Director   DATE       : September 9, 2020   SUBJECT : Promotions in Different Departments.        The body                  The second part of the memo format is the body. You should keep your memo as short as possible by avoiding more stories in the body paragraphs. Below are some of the tips on how to come up with the best body for your memo:            Consider your readers- your readers, in this case, are the audience that you are writing to. You should use the right tone depending on what you are writing on. You should be able to note the needs of you're audience because for instance if you are requesting something from your staff as the manager, you have to use polite language so that your staff can consider your request. You should ask yourself any question that your readers are likely to come up with after reading your memo and address them accordingly. You should also use a language that will suit the class of people you are addressing.            Go directly to the point- after deciding on what you are going to write on, you should avoid the salutations available in other letter writing formats. The thesis for your memo should be your major issue.              Give a small background of the problem- after addressing the change that you need you should proceed and give reasons for the implementation of that policy or rule. Explain to your audience the sole reason that led to coming up with that decision or what motivate you to that step. You can also mention the merits and the demerits of the change.            Support your issue- after mentioning what you wanted of the readers, you can go on and give illustrations just to be clear on what you mean or improve their understanding. There are several ways in which you can support your points.              Use of lists- you can use a list to indicate what you need to be done if there are several points.            Use of short subheadings- you can use a short subheading just to clarify to your reader on the points you are addressing.              Give the actions that you need the readers to do- after explaining what you need you should state the role of the readers in the implementation of your policies. You can also give the conditions that should apply to your reader. You can, for example, give a deadline to whatever you need to be done.            End your memo with a summary. You need to summarize your points and state the cause of action needed by your readers. Try and be positive as much as you can while closing your memo.              The last thing is signing- you can decide to sign at the end of the memo just to make it official. Signing of the memo makes it official.       Types of memos                  There are different types of memos that you can be asked to write. It is good to get familiar with each type so that you can be able to classify and know where it falls. Below are some of the memo types that you can come across:            Request memo- in this type of memo you will be trying to get a favor from a certain person or group of people. You are supposed to use persuasive language to win the heart of your recipients.            Confirmation memo- this document is written after a certain agreement between two parties. You will be writing just to confirm that you agree to a certain demand. In this type of memo, you should state the terms of the agreement and encourage the recipient to ask for clarification where they did not understand.              Suggestive memo- this type of writing is written in the case where the management is requesting views from the employees on how to solve a certain problem. You will need to request your readers to give their say about a certain Issue and specify how they should forward the suggestions.            Report memo- this is a memo written after a certain period of time to give an account of the progress.it takes the report format. In this memo, the body is mainly consistent of values and charts to indicate the progress.              Informal results memo- this is where you are required to give the results of a certain action. It can be research that was done and people would wish to know the outcome, or it can be even application results for various seats in a department.       Memo examples                  A good writer would always have the passion of going through different samples to improve their proficiency. A memo template will help you to understand how you are supposed to orient your work to look appealing in the eyes of the reader. Below is a memo sample that should act to guide you on how to plan your work and keep to the right format.       TO              : All students taking IT course at the university   FROM        : The department chair   DATE         : July 7, 2020   SUBJECT   : Submission of your final project       It has come to our notice that some of you have not submitted their final year projects which is very crucial at this moment because it determines whether you will graduate or not. In the previous years, we have had the same incidents and students usually come back to me crying when they find out that their name is not on the graduation list.       The project will account for forty percent of your final grade and that is why it should be taken seriously. On that note the department has given out a deadline of 3^rd^ August 2020, if you do not have submitted your project by then, you will have to wait 1 academic year to graduate. You are all advised to submit your project before the due date as we do not want you to suffer when it comes to graduation. Thanks in advance.       Yours sincerely,       Sign.......   Department chair.                      It is good to go through such examples because they help you to understand how to format your work. You also get to know the right tone to use for your memo. The tone is usually very important in memo writing because it will determine the attitude that the recipients will have towards your memo. Am guaranteed that from this guide you are going to be the best writer of a memorandum to suit all kinds of audience.       Classification of Reports   1. Informal reports and 2.   3. Formal reports. 4.                    Both of those classifications are further broken down by type of information. This module describes these report structures and types.       Types of Technical Reports   1.Technical-background report. The background report is the hardest to define but the most commonly written....   2.Instructions....   3.Feasibility, recommendation, and evaluation reports....   3.      Primary research report....   5.Technical specifications....   6.Report-length proposal....   7.      Business prospectus.       The Fundamental Principles of Report Writing   1.Be Relevant. The subject of your report should be timely and relevant to your field....   2\. Organize Logically. A report must be organized in a logical and formulaic format....   5. Report Accurately. A report must be well researched and contain factual information.... 6.   5.      Summarize Briefly.         5            Principles of Report Design   1. Accuracy. The accuracy principle simply means that the content of a report represents what it claims it does. It involves, for example, ensuring that the written components and titles in the report are free from spelling and grammatical errors and that the data presented is associated with the time period(s) indicated. It should also require that the titles and descriptions in the report are consistent with the actual amounts included in the report. 2.                      For example, an amount reported as wages expense on a report should, in fact, be the amount of wages expense for the period and not some other expense. And, of course, any amount included in the report need to be accurate, even if amounts (particularly in accounting) sometimes require judgment and estimation. When the true amounts may not be known for certain until some future date, as is common with accounting data, the estimated amounts should at least be verifiable against standard data sources to be considered accurate.       3. Consistency. The consistency principle requires that the format and layout of a report are similar to prior issuances of the same report and/or other reports issued by the same department. In many organizations, selected individuals or departments (such as the CFO or the board of directors) will receive many different reports each period. Depending on how well such a recipient organizes reports, whether electronic or in paper form, having a consistent (and, in certain cases, distinctive) format or "feel" for each report or for each issuing department will allow the recipient to quickly identify a needed report for a specific related decision. Having a consistent format can also provide a brand style for the source department or individual preparer. 4.       3.      Appearance. The appearance principle means that the report is aesthetically pleasing and also professional-looking. (After all, this is similar to but not quite the same as creating artwork.) Aesthetically pleasing reports should include proper alignments and should make appropriate use of white space, borders, shading, and color. The purpose of most reports is to support decision making, and improving the appearance of the report can often help to draw the attention of the decision maker to the most relevant data items (and can avoid distracting the recipient). For example, inserting a blank row above and/or underlining a very important financial statement amount naturally attracts the gaze of the reader.       5. Efficiency. The efficiency principle involves ensuring that a standard report can be prepared as quickly and easily as possible. This often means utilizing automated or formulaic fields where possible. This will help to minimize the data entry and computations necessary for the preparation of reports. If possible, building reports to extract data directly from the underlying accounting system, both for labels and amounts, can create the greatest efficiency. In one of my prior professional positions, where a legacy, homegrown accounting system with poor reporting capabilities was used, we created higher-quality reports with many automated fields using Microsoft Access. The reports then extracted data from SQL tables that were created in a nightly download from the accounting system. 6.   5.      Usability. The usability principle relates very specifically to decision support for the report recipients. It involves considering how the report will be disseminated. In that 8regard, report data should be organized to allow for easy extraction by recipients. It should also be easily understandable given the specific background(s) of the recipients.     7. The Solution. While reporting style preferences will vary and reports won't always be perfect, greater attention to these principles should allow accounting professionals and students alike to improve the quality of reporting. 8.           What is  visual rhetoric?                "Visual rhetoric" has been used to mean anything from the use of images as argument, to the arrangement of elements on a page for rhetorical effect, to the use of typography (fonts), and more.   Why is visual rhetoric important?                Learning more about visual rhetoric can help us produce documents that speak more readily to their intended audience. It can also help us to evaluate visual images we encounter in any variety of settings, whether on TV, in magazines, on billboards, or in the classroom.                Visual rhetoric is a branch of rhetorical studies concerned with the persuasive use of images, whether on their own or in the company of words. Visual rhetoric is grounded in an  culture, art, and even science" (Kenney and Scott in Persuasive Imagery, 2003).   What is a visual rhetorical analysis?                Visual rhetoric encompasses the skill of visual literacy and the ability to analyze images for their form and meaning. Drawing on techniques from semiotics and rhetorical analysis, visual rhetoric examines the structure of an image, and the consequent persuasive effects on an audience. Examples and Observations                 "\[W\]ords and how they're gathered on a page have a visual aspect of their own, but they may also interact with nondiscursive images such as drawings, paintings, photographs, or moving pictures. Most advertisements, for instance, use some combination of text and visuals to promote a product for service. While visual rhetoric is not entirely new, the subject of visual rhetoric is becoming increasingly important, especially since we are constantly inundated with images and also since images can serve as rhetorical proofs." (Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004                "Not every visual object is visual rhetoric. What turns a visual object into a communicative artifact---a symbol that communicates and can be studied as rhetoric---is the presence of three characteristics. The image must be symbolic, involve human intervention, and be presented to an audience for the purpose of communicating with that audience." (Kenneth Louis Smith, Handbook of Visual Communication. Routledge, 2005)   A Public Kiss                "\[S\]tudents of visual rhetoric may wish to consider how doing certain deeds expresses or conveys varied meanings from the perspectives of diverse participants or onlookers. For example, something as apparently simple as a public kiss can be a greeting between friends, an expression of affection or love, a featured symbolic act during a marriage ceremony, a taken-for-granted display of privileged status, or an act of public resistance and protest defying discrimination and social injustice. Our interpretation of the meaning of the kiss will depend on who performs the kiss; its ritual, institutional, or cultural circumstances; and the participants' and onlookers' perspectives." (Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope, Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture. Sage, 2008).   Visual Rhetoric in Politics                "It is easy to dismiss images in politics and public discourse as mere spectacle, opportunities for entertainment rather than engagement, because visual images transfix us so readily. The question of whether a presidential candidate wears an American flag pin (sending a visual message of patriotic devotion) can triumph over real discussion of issues in today's public sphere. Similarly, politicians are at least as likely to employ managed photo opportunities to create an impression as they are to speak from the bully pulpit with facts, figures, and rational arguments. In heightening the value of the verbal over the visual, sometimes we forget that not all verbal messages are rational, as politicians and advocates also speak strategically with code terms, buzz words, and glittering generalities." (Janis L. Edwards, "Visual Rhetoric." 21^st^ Century Communication: A Reference Handbook, ed. By William F. Eadie. Sage, 2009).                  "In 2007, conservative critics assailed then candidate Barack Obama for his decision not to wear an American flag pin. They sought to frame his choice as evidence of his presumed disloyalty and lack of patriotism. Even after Obama explained his position, the criticism persisted from those who lectured him on the importance of the flag as a symbol." (Yohuru Williams, "When Microaggressions Become Macro Confessions." Huffington Post, June 29, 2015).. Is visual rhetoric persuasive?                Visual rhetoric is a branch of rhetorical studies concerned with the persuasive use of images, whether on their own or in the company of words.   Visual Rhetoric in Advertising                "\[A\]dvertising constitutes a dominant genre of visual rhetoric.  Like verbal rhetoric, visual rhetoric depends on strategies of identification; advertising's rhetoric is dominated by appeals to gender as the primary marker of consumer identity." (Diane Hope, "Gendered Environments," in Defining Visual Rhetorics, ed. By C. A. Hill and M. H. Helmers, 2004). How is rhetoric used in advertising?          Advertisers use pathos to evoke specific emotions in the audience.... Many ads will use a combination of all three rhetorical appeals to construct their arguments. However, some ads emphasize ethos, while other ads mostly make use of pathos. Still other ads may tend to have a strong use of logos.   What are rhetorical devices in advertising? Ethos, pathos and logos are the three categories of persuasive advertising techniques. Each category invokes a different appeal between speaker and audience.                 Ethos calls upon the ethics, or what we'd call the values, of the speaker.                Pathos elicits emotions in the audience. Pathos elicits emotions in the audience.                Finally, logos puts logic into play by using evidence and facts.                                       Good persuasive advertising technique is when you balance all three. But using ethos, pathos and logos in commercials sometimes means featuring one advertising technique prominently.   ETHOS DEFINITION What is ethos?                Ethos is the persuasive technique that appeals to an audience by highlighting credibility. Ethos advertisement techniques invoke the superior "character" of a speaker, presenter, writer, or brand.                Ethos examples aim to convince the audience that the advertiser is reliable and ethical. It's easier to make a decision when someone you respect signs off on it, right? This is broadly the function of ethos in commercials.  When an esteemed public figure endorses a product, it validates it to the end consumer.                An ethos advertisement plays off the consumer's respect for a given spokesperson. Through that respect, the spokesperson appears convincing, authoritative and trustworthy enough to listen to. Of the types of persuasive techniques in advertising, ethos is best used to unlock trust.   USE OF ETHOS IN ADVERTISING How is ethos used in advertising?                So, what does ethos mean? It's all about credibility. Famous people enjoy a high status in our society. So, they're the ones selling products to us -- whether or not they have product-specific expertise.   How is "Plain Folks" used in ads?                Ethos rhetoric often employs imagery of everyday, ordinary people. Known as the Plain Folks persuasive advertising technique, in this approach a spokesperson or brand appears as an Average Joe to feel common and sensible. In doing so, they appear concerned and cut from the same cloth as you. This approach is very common in political ads. Consider the "Family Strong" ad from Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.   What is pathos?                Pathos is persuasive technique that try to convince an audience through emotions. Pathos advertisement techniques appeal to the senses, memory, nostalgia, or shared experience. Pathos examples pull at the heartstrings and make the audience feel. A quick way to appeal to a viewer's emotions? A cute animal. A devastated family. A love story. Overcoming great odds. An inspirational song and imagery. A good zinger.  V LEARN MORE LOGOS ETHOS AND PATHOS Comparing other techniques                There are many types of rhetorical strategies. To get a full picture on how they work together, or when to use which rhetorical strategies, explore the full guide below. Emotions create responses and, in our increasingly consumer-driven culture, the response is to buy something. Pathos appeals to an audience's basic emotions like joy, fear, and envy. All are easily triggered in many ways.   So, what is pathos?                Well, it's a model enjoying a refreshing Coke. Or a frustrated infomercial character desperate for a better remedy. And "tired" of the "same old blah-blah-blah." The many different pathos advertisement examples not only evoke your feelings but anticipate your responses too. If you want to explore pathos in advertising, language is the best place to start. Why? Because the words we hear and read trigger specific feelings. Positive words conjure feelings of love, excitement and wonder.   What is the "bandwagon advertising"?                "Bandwagon advertising" is commonly categorized under pathos advertisement examples. While it may sound unfamiliar, you're probably pretty familiar with it. It creates that impression that using certain product will put you on the "winning team". It adheres to the pathos defInition because it plays off your fear\... of being left out. Old Spice used this in their "The Man Your Man Could Smell Like" spot. In its comical way, it puts pressure on men to smell as good as the Old Spice guy. Like the "Plain Folks" technique, Bandwagon advertising is a very popular form of propaganda. Of the persuasive advertising techniques, "Bandwagon" puts your brand on the right side of popular opinion. Remember the "Be like Mike" Ads?   What is logos?                Logos is the persuasive technique that aims to convince an audience by using logic and reason. Also called "the logical appeal," logos examples in advertisement include the citation of statistics, facts, charts, and graphs. Ever told someone to "listen to reason" during an argument? This is what logos does. The best logos advertisement examples are when a speaker appeals to logic. Statistics, surveys, facts, and historical data can make a product seem like a more reasonable decision. Whether the data is sound or not is another story.   How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay on an Advertisement                 If you have an interest in knowing how to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement, there are a couple of things you need to explore first. For starters, a rhetorical analysis is one where you are expected to influence what others think. In order to write a rhetorical analysis on an advertisement, there are a couple of things you need to consider: Questions to ask yourself It is essential for you to ask yourself these questions as you prepare to write your essay: What purpose does the advertisement serve (consider what is on sale and the manner in which it is used) What audience is the ad intended for (you can also think of the location where you found the ad) What are specific images found in the ad and whether it is in the form of written text or visual How are people in the advertisement depicted? If there are any stereotypes, what are they conforming to\> What is the lifestyle promoted by the advertisement? Are there any implicit or explicit messages in the ad?                   One important section you have to get right when writing a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement is the introduction. You should start by describing what seems to be taking place within the ad. VYou can achieve this by writing a strong thesis and "unpacking" the ad as you go on. Analyze the text, color, shapes and symbolism etc. It is by answering questions such as these that you will be in a position to write your essay. Among the best examples of rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement can be found at muecke1020.pbworks.com-pdf. The essay is an Old Spice Advertisement "The Man your Man Could Smell Like" and it follows different rhetoric styles, some of which we are going to discuss further.   Requirements to writing a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement                 Ideally, while writing your paper bear these guidelines in mind: The paper should be 5 full pages, in MLA format, double spaced (ensure you use the appropriate headers The advertisement in question should be incorporated in the text of the essay or it should be attached to the essay You should remember to discuss ways through which the ad can be improved or what could be done in order to make the ad more effective                With these simple tips on how to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement you should be able to write the essay on your own.   How to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement introduction                 Your rhetorical analysis essay requires an introduction and this should be in the form of a thesis statement. The thesis statement simply refers to one or two sentences that condense the argument you are going to follow. Often, it Is either the first or last statement of your introductory paragraph. The thesis should sum the argument of the essay without being too precise or too broad such that your readers are able to understand the scope and message of the essay.   Tips for writing the thesis statement                 While writing the thesis statement, start by figuring out what you have been asked to do. For instance, it could be that you are asked to explain the color used in the advertisement. It is ideal to narrow down the prompt of your assignment to a particular question then answer it. The thesis statement is supposed to answer this question and provide an overview of evidence you intend to use in order to convince readers the thesis is a sound one.   Writing the rest of the introduction                 Next, you have to write the remaining part of the introduction so as to bring the reader to speed with the topic under discussion. In some instance, there no need in providing a definition for "rhetoric" or rhetorical analysis" for your reader though it is necessary to provide Context for the text under analysis. Text in this case refers to what is contained in the advertisement.   Revise the introduction                 Write the essay by providing evidence in every paragraph in the body so as to support the thesis. If at the end of the essay you realize the introduction does not work as intended, review and rewrite it. Always make sure the introduction is a reflection of what you say in the rest of the essay. Additional tips on how to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement   Use of ethos                 Ethos refers to a persuasive strategy used by an author for purposes of illustrating their reliability, trustfulness and credibility. As you review the advertisement, identify ethos by evaluating how the author has asserted their credentials or the effort they are making to win trust from the audience. Where the advertisement has used ethos, provide specific examples and analyze how that changes the perception of the reader. For instance, many advertisements use celebrities because people tend to believe they use the best products. Knowing how to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement demands that you identify use of ethos with precision and accuracy.   Use of pathos                 This is a rhetorical appeal in which the author engages the values and emotions of the audience. Emotions are often evoked through sharing of personal anecdotes or stories of people who have used the product/service in the past. Therefore, in this section of the essay, analyze the strategy used by the author to reveal his argument through stories and emotional language. You can also read the sample of Lance Armstrong and Nike at sites.psu.edu to get a better idea of how to achieve this. By reading samples such as these, you sharpen your writing skills and increase chances of getting a high score.   Logos                 In the next part of the essay, describe how the author has used logos. This refers to appeal to the needs of an audience for logical sequencing ideas. This will also include making reasonable and supportable claims through solid research and use of reliable resources. For instance, write about how through the advertisement, the writer has advanced his argument, the kind of research they have used as well as reasoning behind the advertisement. Identify style details                 There are different style elements used in advertisements such as diction, imagery, syntax and tone. Addressing these elements is crucial towards the completion of your essay and you are supposed to demonstrate how these aspects are used if indeed they are. Form the analysis                 Now that you have identified crucial aspects about the ad, you should start working on the analysis. Before you do this though, ensure you determine just what the gathered information suggests. In this case you are supposed to: Ask the rhetorical strategy appeals and style that helps the ad to achieve its purpose. You have to establish whether these strategies hurt or fail the ad rather than helping. Speculate on whether the author would have selected the rhetorical strategies for that occasion and audience. Since you are writing a rhetorical analysis, bear in mind you do not necessarily have to agree with what the author has presented in their argument. Write in chronological order                 Knowing how to write a rhetorical analysis essay on an advertisement requires you understand how to write chronologically. This is as important as organizing the advertisement by rhetorical appeal. Additionally, it is straightforward: You are supposed to begin from the start of the advertisement then work your way towards the end. Details regarding the advertisement and analysis should be presented in a clear manner. The author of the ad must have organized it carefully and with purpose. As such, addressing the order they have used makes your analysis more coherent and easier to follow through.   Writing the conclusion                 While writing a rhetorical analysis on an advertisement, the conclusion is just as important as the introduction. You are supposed