Mid-Term Review Exam Questions 1-10 PDF

**[Mid Term Study Guide]** **[Chapter 1 -- Histories of Childhood]** 1. **Canadian definitions of childhood and children tend to largely reflect Western assumptions about ability, power, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. age, and sexual maturity b\. self-esteem, and earning ability c\. autonomy,...

**[Mid Term Study Guide]** **[Chapter 1 -- Histories of Childhood]** 1. **Canadian definitions of childhood and children tend to largely reflect Western assumptions about ability, power, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. age, and sexual maturity b\. self-esteem, and earning ability c\. autonomy, and dependency d\. independence, and confidence 2. **Your friend Leonard is trying to convince you that the best approach to understanding children and childhood requires a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ analysis of childhood. He tells you that ideas about children are formed when diverse systems, structures, and ideas meet. He insists that the effects of gender, race, class, sexual orientation, and national origin act together in defining childhood and the child.** a\. liberal b\. intersectional c\. Marxist d\. historical 3. **Bartholomaeus refers to the period in the lifecycle between seven and thirteen years of age as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. adolescence b\. biological childhood c\. pueritia d\. puberty 4. **Many childhood researchers take a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach that captures the big picture by paying attention to the major changes and continuities in the concept of childhood.** a\. world history b\. obedience c\. family d\. paternal 5. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ argued that children are citizens in the making, or incomplete versions of their future adult selves.** a\. John Locke b\. St Augustine c\. Philippe Aris d\. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 6. **Because children leave behind comparatively few direct records, Frijhoff notes that the child is not self-reflexive in history, but rather is a historical category that has been crafted by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. Historians b. Adults c. Mothers d. Sociologists **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Adults)** 7. **According to your textbook, children have at concurrent times been written about as all of the following except for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. Mini-adults and aging dependents b. Needy and dependent c. Products of both nature and nurture d. Innocent and wicked **(The Correct Answer is: A -- Mini-adults and aging dependents)** 8. **All of the following except for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are discussed in your textbook as examples that demonstrate both continuity and change in our understanding of childhood.** a. Indigenous children b. Africville descendants c. Children with intellectual disabilities d. Child soldiers **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Africville Descendants)** 9. **The following question does not demonstrate how meanings of childhood vary across time and culture, and within societies: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. At what age does a child biologically enter adulthood? b. At what age can a young person skip classes without parental consent or choose to drop out of school? c. At what age can children legally work for pay? d. At what age can parents legally leave a child home alone? 10. **The Statistics Canada definition of childhood is largely tied to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. The nature of the living arrangement b. The age of the child c. The citizenship of the children d. The parents status as a couple 11. **Even though a growing body of research indicates that his thesis was not always substantiated, the work of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ exerted a vast influence on historiography and was foundational in kick-starting the historical study of childhood.** a. St. Augustine b. John Trevisa c. Philippe Aris d. John Locke **(The Correct Answer is: C -- Philippe Aris)** 12. **According to Philippe Aris, societies started to recognize childhood as a distinct period in the life course \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **A. in the Enlightenment** **B. post-World War I** **C. post-medieval period** **D. in the Information Age** **[Chapter 2 -- Theories of Childhood]** 13. **refers to the process by which we learn to conform to social norms, become social beings, and become participants in society?** a\. Psychoanalysis b\. Socialization c\. Socio-history d\. Culturation 14. **The new sociology of childhood emphasizes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (i.e., children as active "doers" in and of their social worlds) in children's lives and activities.** a\. protagonist b\. adults c\. socialization d\. agential 15. **When considering the nature--nurture debate, most of the perspectives have one thing in common: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. they tend to exclude children as a main focus of study b\. they tend to overcomplicate terminology c\. they all neglect the role of biology d\. they all consider the role of mothers 16. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is for the most part perceived as imposed on children by authority figures. The children themselves, however, are rarely seen as important for decision-making within these institutions.** a. Functionalism b. Socialization c. Cultural relativism d. Nurture **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Socialization)** 17. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ does not hold a psychoanalytic viewpoint.** a. George Herbert Mead b. Erik Erikson c. Jean Piaget  d. Sigmund Freud **(The Correct Answer is: A -- George Herbert Mead)** 18. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ developed social learning theory.** a. Sigmund Freud b. George Herbert Mead c. Anthony Bandura d. Talcott Parsons **(The Correct Answer is: C -- Anthony Bandura)** 19. **The concept of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not part of Urie Bronfenbrenner's model of overlapping ecological systems that operate together to influence what people become as they develop.** a. Mesosystems b. Intrasystems c. Exosystems d. Microsystems **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Intrasystems)** 20. **Your uncle Hassan, a social worker, tells you at dinner that he believes the study of children should be based on observations of visible behaviour rather than assumptions about unconscious and innate motivations that are unobservable. He explains that the building blocks of human development are learned associations between external stimuli and observable responses. When you press him on what he means by this, Hassan tells you that children are infinitely malleable, so development can be thought of as a continuous process that involves behavioural change shaped by a person's unique environment. Hassan is mostly closely aligned with the theoretical perspective of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. Constructivist b. Evolutionary psychology c. Culturalism d. Psychoanalysis **(The Correct Answer is: A -- Constructivist)** 21. **Those who argue that behaviour is rooted in biology and genes, also tend to assume that "normal" children ---regardless of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_--- develop the same way and along the same trajectory, as biology is much slower to change than culture.** a. The culture or time period in which they lived b. Their age c. Their genetics d. Natural selection **(The Correct Answer is: A -- The culture or time period in which they lived)** **[Chapter 3 - Doing Research with Children]** 22. **According to Dr. Cope\'s research with her team, Buffalo, New York a racially segregated city.** a. True  b. False **(The correct answer is: A -- True)** 23. **A study of play spaces in the United Kingdom involved 32 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, who were given disposable cameras and were asked to record and reflect upon the preferred places and spaces for play.** a. Parents b. Child researchers c. School teachers d. Daycare workers **(The correct answer is: B -- Child Researchers)** 24. **What is Dr. Meghan Cope\'s take away from this research? What was her most important finding?** a. That politics around making places better for children must start with children\'s own interpretations of those places. b. That adults need to make better decisions in order to ensure that the future generations have a suitable environment, quality education, and favorable investment landscapes. c. That Buffalo is a rough city, and children experience violence. She argues more police should patrol the West Side. d. That children should be protected from violence and homelessness. She argues that family shelters will help to ensure that children get the best start in life. **(The Correct Answer is: A -- That politics around making places better for children must start with children\'s own interpretations of those places.)** 25. **Some analysts argue that children have not participated in research because of the obvious \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ differences between adult researchers and children, and for fear that children will be intimidated or coerced in their diminished social position.** a. Social b. Power c. Educational d. Cultural **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Power)** 26. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ research involves the numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining social phenomena.** a. Explanatory b. Quantitative c. Qualitative d. Descriptive **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Quantitative)** 27. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ allow the researcher to pursue topics in depth, and give the study participants the freedom to answer in their own words and to help direct the flow of conversation.** a. Clinical Trials b. Cross-sectional Studies  c. Quantitative Surveys d. Qualitative Interviews **(The Correct Answer is: D -- Qualitative Interviews)** 28. **The National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (the NLSCY) began in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. 2004 b\. 2009 c\. 1999 d\. 1994 29. **Pia Haudrup Christensen argues that the recognition of children's social agency has significantly changed children's position within the human and social sciences and led to a weakening of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ found in more conventional approaches to child research.** a\. taken-for-granted assumptions b\. cultural norms c\. methodological norms d\. theoretical assumptions 30. **A study that focuses on and collects information at a single point in time is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ study.** a\. positivist b\. cross-cultural c\. longitudinal d\. cross-sectional 31. **The abbreviation PMK stands for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a\. Performance Management Kit b\. Positive Methods Knowledge c\. Person Most Knowledgeable d\. Practice, Method, Knowledge 32. **The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was established to ensure that the research these organizations fund (and hopefully all other research) complies with their policy involving human participants. It codifies a common ethical framework that ensures free and informed consent and privacy and confidentiality of research participants.** a\. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) b\. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) d\. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ***Purpose of research***   +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 4. **Exploratory** | **A new field of study** | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. **Explanatory** | **Why is this happening?** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 2. **Descriptive** | **What is happening?** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3. **Evaluative** | **Is it working?** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **[Patchwork Neighbourhood Article Cope, M Children's Spaces and Places]** 33. **According to Dr. Meghan Cope, Children\'s Geographies is mainly about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a. What political boundaries children learn in school. b. The refugee pathways of youth. c. Where children go when they\'re tired. d. Where children go, what they do in space, and how they perceive the world around them. **(The Correct Answer is: D -- where children go, what they do in space, and how they perceive the world around them.)** 34. **What is Dr. Meghan Cope\'s take away from this research? What was her most important finding?** a. That Buffalo is a rough city, and children experience violence. She argues more police should patrol the West Side. b. That politics around making places better for children must start with children\'s own interpretations of those places. c. That children should be protected from violence and homelessness. She argues that family shelters will help to ensure that children get the best start in life. d. That adults need to make better decisions in order to ensure that the future generations have a suitable environment, quality education, and favorable investment landscapes. **(The Correct Answer is: B -- That politics around making places better for children must start with children\'s own interpretations of those places** 35. **Match the methodology with the description from Dr. Meghan Cope\'s article.** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | f. Children recounted | **Travel Diaries** | | their travels, site by site, | | | to a student researcher.  | | +===================================+===================================+ | a. Telling \`ghost stories\' on | **Performance** | | a tape recorder, which turned | | | into a children-directed | | | \`radio show\' of | | | ghost stories tape recorded.  | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | b. Children were asked to | **Artwork** | | represent various elements in | | | their lives and land-scapes | | | through various media | | | (drawing, painting, | | | fabric/quilting).  | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | c. Student and | **Participant observation** | | faculty researchers took | | | extensive notes on what they | | | observed during normal | | | after-school program | | | activities and during | | | ChUG projects.  | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | d. Researchers had innumerable | **Informal discussions** | | casual conversations | | | with children on a wide range | | | of topics, some of which were | | | recounted in field notes by | | | researchers. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | e. Children envisioned and | **Visioning** | | drew what might be built in | | | vacant lots, how they would | | | prefer the interior of the | | | after-school club, etc.  | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 36. **Does Dr. Meghan Cope support the new social studies of childhood?** a. True b. False **(The Correct Answer is: A -- True)** 37. **According to Dr. Cope\'s research with her team, Buffalo, New York a racially segregated city.** a. True b. False **(The Correct Answer is: A -- True)** **[Chapter 4 - Parent(s) and Child(ren)]** 38. **The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ model of parenting refers to the expectation that parents navigate the pressures of paid and unpaid work as well as multiple and complex schedules that include an adequate amount of family time.** a. neo-liberal b. family adaptation c. traditional nuclear d. inter-generational **(The Correct Answer is: B -- family adaptation)** 39. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the ongoing process through which we learn to conform to socially accepted and desired gender norms---a constellation of gender-differentiated expectations and experiences.** e. Gender socialization f. Gender schema g. Sexual identity h. Secondary socialization **(The Correct Answer is: A -- Gender socialization)** 40. **The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the demographic bulge of births that occurred in this post-war perioD.** i. fertility burst j. baby cluster k. demographic incline l. baby boom **(The Correct Answer is: D -- baby boom)** 41. **Liz's father works full-time for the provincial government while her mother stays at home to take care of Liz and her two siblings. Liz's family is a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** m. traditional nuclear family n. extramarital family o. step-family p. blended family **(The Correct Answer is: A -- traditional nuclear family)** 42. **One of the most profound shifts in our thinking about parenting was triggered by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** q. the rapidly growing number of women in the labour force r. youth counterculture s. the rapidly declining number of fathers taking paternity leave t. the Great Depression **(The Correct Answer is: A -- the rapidly growing number of women in the labour force)** 43. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to organized knowledge structures that are gendered and influence behaviour.** u. Sexual identity v. Gender schema w. Gender socialization x. Secondary socialization **(The Correct Answer is: B -- Gender schema)** **[Chapter 5 -- School and Peer groups ]** 44. **Connolly (1998) found that boys were able to gain a significant level of status by having \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. a girlfriend** **b. the newest video game** **c. high grades** **d. a spot on a sports teams** 45. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of Canadian children were home-schooled during the 2016--17 school year.** **a. 4 per cent** **b. Less than 1 per cent** **c. 10 per cent** **d. 13 per cent** 46. **Throughout the 1950s and into the 1970s, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ emerged as a dominant school of thought in North American sociology, and in the sociology of education in particular.** **a. second wave feminism** **b. structural functionalism** **c. post-modernism** **d. conflict theory** 47. **You are watching an election speech when the candidate starts to discuss education in your province. He explains that all children in Canada should have access to a publically funded education so that, regardless of social class, every single child has the same advantages. He says this system of opportunity challenges students to compete and achieve high rewards based on their skills rather than their social position. This political candidate is describing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. socialism** **b. democracy** **c. ascription** **d. meritocracy** 48. **indigenous peoples are still under \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for historical reasons, and because of economic, cultural, and other social differences.** **a. catholic school boards** **b. provincial jurisdiction** **c. private school boards** **d. federal jurisdiction** 49. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in Canada is ranked number one amongst OECD countries.** **a. School enrolment of 5-14-year-olds** **b. public funding of schools** **c. Attendance** **d. Affordability of post-secondary tuition** **[Back to the future: mapping a historic turn in youth studies]** 50. **Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method used in historical research of youth culture?** **a. Biographical accounts** **b. Experimental studies** **c. Archival research** **d. Oral history** 51. **What is the significance of studying the history of youth culture according to the article?** **a. To understand the impact of technology on youth** **b. To highlight the longstanding influence of young people\'s experiences** **c. To focus on the economic contributions of youth** **d. To analyze the role of education in youth development** 52. **What is a significant aspect of youth culture according to the article?** **a. Its reliance on social media** **b. Its focus on technology** **c. Its incorporation of its own history within present-day practices** **d. Its emphasis on academic achievement** 53. **Which methodology is highlighted as a primary approach for historical research in youth studies?** **a. Archival research** **b. Surveys** **c. Ethnographic studies** **d. Focus groups** 54. **What does the article suggest about the timeline of youth culture?** **a. It is limited to the 1960s and 1970s** **b. It is irrelevant to current studies** **c. It starts post-WWII but should be explored further back** **d. It begins in the 21st century** 55. **Which institution celebrated the fortieth anniversary of punk with an exhibition in 2016?** **a. The British Museum** **b. The Tate Modern** **c. The British Library** **d. The Victoria and Albert Museum** **[Chapter 6 -- Childrem, mass media ]** 56. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not a factor that may mitigate the effect of media violence on children.** **a. Religion** **b. Family characteristics** **c. Time spent viewing the media content** **d. Gender** 57. **According to Brisson-Boivin, the number one digital activity for families during a typical week is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **a. watching television** **b. listening to podcasts** **c. watching YouTube videos** **d. streaming Netflix shows** 58. **Pre-teen girls' complex and contradictory responses to pop culture remind us of gendered variations in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that to act as a mechanism for the continued subordination of women of all ages and backgrounds.** **a. purity narratives** **b. media consumption** **c. feminism** **d. shaming cultures** 59. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ describes people born and raised in the age of digital technology, and therefore familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age.** **a. Digital natives** **b. Media kids** **c. Online adolescents** **d. Cyberbullies** 60. **According to your textbook, the children's program Sesame Street grew out of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. an earlier radio program** **b. the information age** **c. the civil rights movement** **d. radical feminism** 61. **According to children's own testimonies, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not reported to be an example of cyberbullying.** **a. rude and nasty comments** **b. sexual messages** **c. comments about parents** **d. annoying and unwelcome messages** 62. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sparked a controversial ruling from the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council in November 1994.** **a. Miley Cyrus** **b. Teletubbies** **c. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers** **d. Peppa Pig** 63. **A few decades ago, one of our biggest concerns, as adults, was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in children's television programming.** **a. the lack of educational content** **b. the lack of Canadian content** **c. the amount of negativity** **d. the amount of violence** 64. **There is ample evidence that today's children have integrated \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ seamlessly into their lives.** **a. anti-consumerism** **b. Netflix** **c. educational apps** **d. digital culture** 65. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was not recently found to be a top parental concern regarding children's use of digital technology.** **a. A lack of educational content** **b. The amount of sexual content children see** **c. Children's access to misinformation** **d. Online harassment** 66. **Research suggests that children understand the images they see, and often seek to emulate characters on television. This means that the media plays a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ role in childhood behaviour.** **a. causal** **b. achieved** **c. prescriptive** **d. ascribed** 67. **Some children's television programs are intentionally designed to teach\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: socially valued responses, such as sharing, co-operation, and understanding.** **a. positive attitudes** **b. cultural capital** **c. collaborative behaviour** **d. prosocial behaviour** 68. **Hawkes and Dune (2013) argue that narratives of the sexual child in the Anglophone West have been dominated by anxieties about the sexualization of girls and about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. negative body images** **b. cyberbullying** **c. feminism** **d. sexting** 69. **Food advertising in Canada is largely \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. self-regulated by the industry** **b. provincially regulated** **c. completely unregulated** **d. federally regulated** 70. **According to the 2008 YTV Kids and Tweens Report, within their households, kids influence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of breakfast choices, as well as influencing decisions about where families eat, what they watch, and where they vacation.** **a. over 90 per cent** **b. 100 per cent** **c. 60 per cent** **d. less than 40 per cent** 71. **Your older brother has just sent his twin girls off to the first grade. Over coffee, he tells you about the things that keep him up at night as a parent. He talks about how hard it is to parent children in the age of information and new media. He feels like his kids are exposed to a barrage of messages about buying things. He worries particularly about his daughters in this respect and notes that his friends with little boys don't see the same pressures. He worries that the constant marketing to children will be detrimental to his children in terms of physical, emotional, and social outcomes. "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_" best describes what your brother is concerned about.** **a. Counter stereotyping** **b. Culture of consumption** **c. Digital society** **d. Gender socialization** 72. **According to MediaSmarts, a Canadian not-for-profit charitable organization for digital and media literacy, children most frequently have their own access to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. radio** **b. smartphone** **c. laptop** **d. television** **[Chapter 7 -- Early Childhood Education]** 73. **In its efforts to establish affordable childcare, Quebec finds itself closer to a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in its policy intents and generosity.** **a. liberal autocracy** **b. advanced capitalist state** **c. class-based democracy** **d. social democratic model** 74. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has heightened demands for affordable, high-quality child care programs.** **a. Decreasing participation of men in part-time paid work** **b. Rising unemployment** **c. Decreasing availability of home daycare** **d. Rising participation of women in paid work** 75. **For most families in most provinces, the need for nonparental child care has increased, as have fees, while the number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has not kept pace with demand.** **a. full-time caregivers** **b. government-regulated licensed child care spaces** **c. private daycares** **d. elementary schools** 76. **In addition to providing developmentally appropriate care for children, full-time ECEC staff are often expected to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. interact with parents, perform general maintenance, and supervise staff** **c. prepare and clean up food, clean washrooms, and supervise practicum students** 77. **Within Canada, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rely/relies most on family and other private arrangements for their childcare requirements.** **a. Atlantic Canada** **b. Ontario** **c. the Prairies** **d. Yukon** 78. **A 2004 Government of Canada report highlighted an increased need for early childhood programs that can do all of the following, except for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** **a. improve the well-being of vulnerable children** **b. guarantee early entrance to private school** **c. enable the participation of parents in the labour force and in continuing education** **d. prepare children to succeed at school** **[Portrait of a Palaeolithic Family]**