Microbio Ch. 22 Notes PDF

- Mycoses: uniquitous; typically acquired via inhalation, trauma, or ingestion - 3 categories of clinical manifestation: - fungal infections - fungal toxicoses: acquired through ingestion - allergies - antifungal therapies: most di=icult diseases to heal - amphoteri...

- Mycoses: uniquitous; typically acquired via inhalation, trauma, or ingestion - 3 categories of clinical manifestation: - fungal infections - fungal toxicoses: acquired through ingestion - allergies - antifungal therapies: most di=icult diseases to heal - amphotericin B is gold standard of antifungals - systemic mycoses: - histoplasma, Blastomyces, coccidiodes, Paracoccidioides - histoplasmosis: most infections occur through inhalation of spores - H. capsulatum is phagocytized by macrophages in the lungs - disperse the fungi beyond the lungs via the blood and lymph - resolves without damage - pulmonary histoplasmosis - treated with amphotericin B - blastomycosis: moist coil and decaying leaves - osteoarticular blastomycosis - meningitis - coccidiomycosis: almost exclusively in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico - fungi in desert soil, rodent burrows, archeological remains, mines - pulmonary conditions - dissemination to other sites occurs mostly in immunocompromised - wearing protective masks in endemic areas can prevent exposure to spores - dimorphic - grow as mycelial thalli in the environment  - grow as spherical yeasts in the body - avoid exposure to spores - opportunistic fungi: infections limited to people with poor immunity - Pneumocystis Pneumonia: obligate parasite - majority of individuals exposed to P. jiroveci by age 5 - common opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients - candidiasis: Candida is one of the few fungi transmitted between individuals - thrush: oral candiasis - yeast infection: vaginal candidiasis - oral candidiasis in infants treated with nystatin - the emergence of fungal opportunists in AIDS patients - permanent immune dysfunction makes cure of infections unlikely - use of antifungal drugs selects for fungi resistant to the drugs - dermatophytosis: infections of the skin, nails, or hair caused by dermatophytes - previously called ringworms - can be spread from person to person