محاضرة 6 مدخل إلى الصيدلة PDF

‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺳﺗﻳﺭ ﺻﻳﺩﻟﺔ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺑﺔ‪ ،Solid‬ﻧﺻﻑ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ‪ ،Semi‐solid‬ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺔ ‪ ،aerosols‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪Liqu...

‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺳﺗﻳﺭ ﺻﻳﺩﻟﺔ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺑﺔ‪ ،Solid‬ﻧﺻﻑ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ‪ ،Semi‐solid‬ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺔ ‪ ،aerosols‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺷﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻭﺍﻣﻪ ﻻﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ‪....‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ ﺗﻘﺳﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺷﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪/‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫‪A.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪B.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﻧﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ )ﻟﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻟﺯﻭﺟﺔ(‬ ‫‪C.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪D.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪A.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪ ١‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ )‪(powder‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟـ ‪ USP‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺯﻳﺞ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺭﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻐﻠﻑ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺭﻗﻳﺔ ﻛﻣﻐﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﺑﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻘﺳﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻭﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻣﻭﻳﺔ)‪:(Oral powder‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻋﻁﺎءﻫﺎ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﻣﺿﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﺿﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻛﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )‪:(External powder‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻟﻣﻁﻬﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﻛﻣﺿﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭﺓ )‪:(Effervescent powder‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﻣﺭﻛﺑﺔ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﺑﻳﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺩﻳﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻣﺽ ﻋﺿﻭﻱ ﻛﺣﻣﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻁﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻣﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪...‬‬ ‫ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺭﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻭ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻡ ﺗﻌﺩ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻅﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺓ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺓ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﻣﻀﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻔﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺻﺎﺩ ﺣﻴﻮﻱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﺍﻟﺣﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ )‪:(Granules‬‬ ‫ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻛﻝ ﻭﺳﻳﻁ ﻟﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ‪....‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻡ )‪(Packets‬‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻅﺭﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻣﺳﺣﻭﻕ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﻬﻳﺄ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﻳﺩﻭﻳﺎ ً )ﻟﻡ ﺗﻌﺩ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ ً(‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ ﺭﺯﻡ ﻟﺗﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻳﺽ ﺃﺧﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪.....‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‬ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺷﺎﻡ )‪(Cachets‬‬ ‫ﺷﻛﻝ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎء ﻳﺣﻭﻱ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺎ ً‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺷﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻳﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎء ﻭﻳﺗﺭﻙ ﻟﻳﺟﻑ ﻟﻳﺄﺧﺫ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺻﺏ ﻓﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻁﺑﻘﺗﻳﻥ ﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﻐﻁﺎء ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﻌﺭﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﺗﻛﺳﺭ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎ ً‪....‬‬ ‫‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ )‪(Sachets‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺭﺩﻳﺔ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻅﺭﻑ ﻳﺣﻝ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ً‪.‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦ Packets Cachets Sachets filling Cachets ٥ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٦‬ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ )‪(capsules‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻣﻭﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺣﺟﺎﻡ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺭﻋﺔ ﻣﺟﺯﺃﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻗﺷﻭﺭ ﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻳﺔ ‪ hard Gelatin Capsules‬ﻭﺗﻌﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻸﻣﻭﻛﺳﻳﺳﻠﻠﻳﻥ‪....‬‬ ‫ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺷﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻳﻧﺔ ﻭﺗﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻧﺔ ‪Soft Gelatin‬‬ ‫‪ Capsules‬ﻭﺗﻌﺑﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻭﺍﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﺗﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺑﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﻓﻳﺗﺎﻣﻳﻥ ‪.D‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٧‬ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺔ ‪Tablets‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺟﺭﻋﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺿﻐﻁ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺿﻐﻁ ﻣﺯﻳﺞ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻳﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻟﺏ**‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻣﻳﺯ ﺍﻷﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺑﺳﺔ‪Plain/Uncoated Tablets:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺍﺳﻳﺗﺎﻣﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻘﺎﺕ ‪Multilayer Tablets:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺿﻐﻁ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻠﺗﻳﻥ‪.‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﺒﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﺒﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪Bilayer tablet‬‬ ‫‪Caplet‬‬ ‫‪Tablet‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻁﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺑﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛﺭ‪:Sugar coated tablets‬‬ ‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻠﺑﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺔ ﺑﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺑﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﻡ ‪:Film coated tablets‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﺑﺳﺔ ﺑﻁﺑﻘﺔ ﺭﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻠﻣﺭ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻪ ﺗﺷﻛﻳﻝ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻳﺷﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺷﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‪.‬ﻳﺗﻔﻛﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻭﻱ ﻟﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺱ ﺑﻬﺩﻑ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳﺣﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ )ﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺿﻭء(‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳُﻘﻧّﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺋﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻬﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻭﻱ ‪:Enteric coated tablets‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ً ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺟﻝ‪.Delayed release tablets‬‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺗﻬﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻐﺷﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﺧﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗﺄﺧﻳﺭ ﺍﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء ﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪Film coated tablets‬‬ ‫‪Enteric coated tablets‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺳﺎﻥ ‪:Sublingual tablets‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺳﺭﻳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﺧﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺗﺭﻭﻏﻠﻳﺳﻳﺭﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻗﻳﺔ ‪:Buccal tablets‬‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻗﻲ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺟﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺭ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺭﺓ ‪:Effervescent tablets‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻳﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺩﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻣﺯﻳﺞ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭﺍﻥ )ﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻣﻭﻥ ﻭﺣﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻁﺭ(‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭ ﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻁﻼﻕ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﺑﺈﺫﺍﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺛﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻻﻋﻁﺎء ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻳﺽ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺍء‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺑﻌﺛﺭ ‪:Dispersible tablets‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺣﻝ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻛﺄﺱ ﻣﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺷﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ً‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻲ ﺳﺭﻳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻎ ‪:Chewable tablets‬‬ ‫ﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺿﻎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻁﻌﻡ ﻣﺳﺗﺳﺎﻍ‪/‬ﻣﻘﺑﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﺑﺗﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻝ ﺗﻣﺿﻎ ﻟﺗﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﺛﻡ ﺗﺑﻠﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﻣﺿﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﺿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻳﺩ ‪:Extended‐release tablets‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺻﻣﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﻣﺿﺑﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺍء ‪ Controlled release‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺩﻳﺩ‬ ‫‪ Sustained release‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ‪ Modified release‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ ﺩﻣﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺍء ﺛﺎﺑﺕ ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ ً ﻭﻣﻁﻭﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺹ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪Extended‐release tablets‬‬ ‫ﻣﺿﻐﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺹ ‪:Lozenges‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺗﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺑﻁﻲء ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺣﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻧﻛﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﻛﺗﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺭﻳﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻛﺭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻁﻬﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻭﺭﻫﻳﻛﺯﻳﺩﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪B.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ ‪ ١‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ )‪(Suppositories‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻳﺔ ﻧﺻﻑ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺗﺟﺎﻭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﺳﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﺣﻳﺙ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺻﻬﺭ‪ Melt‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺗﻠﻳﻥ‪ Soften‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺫﻭﺏ ‪ Dissolve‬ﻭﺗﻣﻠﻙ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻣﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.a‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺯﻥ ﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺿﻊ ‪١‬ﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﻍ ﻭﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻟﻐﻳﻥ ‪ ٣-٥‬ﻍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪b.‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺑﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻭﺽ ‪ Ovules/pessaries‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺑﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ً‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻳﺿﻭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺧﺭﻭﻁﻲ‪.‬ﻗﺩ ﻳﺻﻝ ﻭﺯﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ ٥‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺯﺑﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻛﺎﻭ ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪c.‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﺣﻠﻳﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ً ﺷﻣﻭﻉ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﻹﻋﻁﺎء ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻭﺿﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺷﻛﻝ ﻗﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻁﺎﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪d.‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺯﻥ ﺣﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٠٫٥‬ﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻺﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪e.‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻳﺔ ‪ ear cones‬ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍ َ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻫﻡ )‪(Ointments‬‬ ‫ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺻﻳﺩﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺱ ﻧﺻﻑ ﺻﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﺯﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﺣﺿﺭ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺳﺱ ﺩﺳﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء )ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺯﻟﻳﻥ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﺣﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺎء )ﺍﻟﻼﻧﻭﻟﻳﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺣﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻗﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺩ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻧﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺗﻧﺎﺳﻠﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ً ﻛﻣﻁﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﺷﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺳﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺗﺭﻙ ﺃﺛﺭ ﺩﻫﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻣﺎﺕ )‪:(Cream‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺳﺱ ﺍﺳﺗﺣﻼﺑﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻣﻁ )‪ water‐in‐oil= (W/O‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﻁﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺃﻭ )‪ oil‐in‐water= (O/W‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﻁﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎء ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺗﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺗﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭﻳﻥ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ )ﻣﺣﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﺃﻭ ﻣﺣﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺯﻳﺕ(‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﺳﻡ ﻻ ﺗﺗﺭﻙ ﺃﺛﺭﺍ ً ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻔﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ Vanishing creams‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺑﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﻣﻳﻠﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺳﻝ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﺳﺭﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺑﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻁﻭﻝ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻣﺛﻼً ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻣﺎﺕ )‪ (W/O‬ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺟﻳﻥ )‪(Pastes‬‬ ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﺯﺟﺔ ﻟﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﻣﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻣﺗﺯﺍﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﻭﺍﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺣﺿﺭ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻟﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻣﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻧﻭﻉ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺎ ً ﻛﻣﻌﺟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺎﻣﻛﻲ ﻛﻣﺳﻬﻝ ﺃﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﻌﺟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻓﻳﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻬﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟﻐﺳﻭﻻﺕ )‪(Lotions‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺣﺎﻟﻳﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺯﺟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻝ ﻣﺿﺎﻓﺎ ً ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺳﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﻁﺑﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺩﻟﻳﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺗﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﻣﺎﺩ ﻁﺑﻲ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺳﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻼﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﻏﺳﻭﻝ ﺑﻧﺯﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺯﻳﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺧﺎﺕ )‪(Liniments‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﺩ ﻟﺗﺧﻔﻳﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻟﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻗﺭﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺳﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻭﺟﺩ ﺿﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻣﻝ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺷﻌﻭﺭﺍ ً ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺩﻑء ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻓﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﻭﻝ‪...‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺳﻭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻣﻝ ﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻳﺗﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪....‬‬ ‫ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﺩ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﻟﻳﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٧‬ﺍﻟﻁﻼءﺍﺕ )‪(Collators/ Paints‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻧﺻﻑ ﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻡ ﻟﺯﺝ ﺗﻁﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻳﺳﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٨‬ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻣﺎﺕ )‪(Gels‬‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻭﻟﻳﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺟﺯﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺓ ﺿﻣﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪C.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.١‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺑﺎﺕ )‪(Syrup‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ )ﻟﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء( ﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁ )ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟـ ‪USP‬ﺗﺳﺎﻭﻱ ‪ (%٨٥‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺿﺎﻑ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﺻﻧﻌﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬ﺍﻷﻛﺳﻳﺭ)‪(Elixir‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻝ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﻛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﺣﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭﻭﺯ ﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ )‪:(Suspensions‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺍﺕ ﻷﺟﺯﺍء ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻧﺎﻋﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻁ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻻ ﻳﺫﻭﺏ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍء‪.‬ﺗﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻁﻭﺭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺅﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻭﻁﻭﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺅﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Elixir‬‬ ‫‪Syrup‬‬ ‫‪Suspension‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‬ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﻏﺭ)‪ (Gargles‬ﻭﻏﺳﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ‬ ‫‪:Mouth washes‬‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻟﻳﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ ﻟﻐﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻠﻌﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻧﺟﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺑﻠﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻛﺛﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺭﻛﺯﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻣﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﻧﺳﺏ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء‪.‬ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻘﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻁﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺭﺍﺛﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻠﻁﻑ ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻌﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻧﺟﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻟﻳﻝ )‪(Solutions‬‬ ‫ ﺃﻣﺯﺟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ ﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻧﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺓ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺟﺯﻳﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﻁﻭﺭﺍ ً ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺍ ً‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻟﺭﺣﺿﺎﺕ )‪:(Enema‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺟﻳﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻹﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻲ ﻛﻌﻼﺝ ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺳﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺧﺻﺎﺕ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻧﺎﺕ ﻁﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺩﻳﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﺗﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻛﻛﺑﺭﻳﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﻳﻭﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٧‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ )‪:(Linctus‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﺯﺟﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﺣﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻧﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺏ ﺿﻣﻥ ﺷﺭﺍﺏ ﺑﺳﻳﻁ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪.‬ﻭﻳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺗﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺑﻁء ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٨‬ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺭﻳﺔ )‪:(Aromatic water‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺣﺎﻟﻳﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﺭﻛﺯﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﻁﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﻁﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٩‬ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ )‪:(Spirits‬‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻟﻳﻝ ﻛﺣﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﺭﻛﺯﺓ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﻭﺕ ﻁﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﻁﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪Aromatic‬‬ ‫‪water‬‬ ‫‪Linctus‬‬ ‫‪Spirits‬‬ ‫‪D.‬ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺣﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺿﺑﻭﺑﺎﺕ )‪:(Aerosols‬‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺑﻌﺛﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻧﺣﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻠﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺯﻳﺞ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁﻲ ﺃﺻﻐﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﻛﺭﻭﻣﺗﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻁ ﻏﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻧﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻭﻳّﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺣﺗﺟﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻭﺿﻌﻳﺎ ً ﺿﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٠٥/١٤٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻮﺑﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬ ‫ ‪ ١‬ﺿﺑﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﻧﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ ٢.‬ﺿﺑﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻌﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﻧﺟﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬