Metabolism Exam Questions Remaining Questions PDF

1. What is the temperature at the axilla and rectum (C0) corresponds to 2. A group of hikers has a considerable distance of desert to cover on foot o in mid-July. The air temperature is 38 C, with no wind. Which way will be used to maintain thermal homeostasis...

1. What is the temperature at the axilla and rectum (C0) corresponds to 2. A group of hikers has a considerable distance of desert to cover on foot o in mid-July. The air temperature is 38 C, with no wind. Which way will be used to maintain thermal homeostasis under such conditions? 3. Maximum daily body temperature is observed 4. The sympathetic nervous system was irritated in an experimental animal. What metabolic changes would this cause? 5. Minimum body temperature. 6. What the direct calorimetry method is based on 7. What is the basis of the indirect calorimetry method? 8. What can cause acidic urine? 9. A patient who comes to see a physician complains of palpitations, sweating, irritability, weakness, and decreased body weight. On examination HR - 95 beats/min, BP - 130 and 70mmHg. Percentage of deviation of the level of basic metabolism - 33%. What can be caused by deviation of the level of basic metabolism from the norm in this patient? 10. The effector centres of chemical thermoregulation are located in the 11. The effector centres of physical thermoregulation are located in the 12. Cold receptors in the skin are characterised by 13. The thermal receptors of the skin are characterised by 14. The source of ATP energy in the body 15. What is the pathway by which heat is released from the skin surface o when the air temperature is above 34 C ? 16. What is the primary way heat is released from the skin surface at comfort temperature? 17. The physiological mechanism of heat regulation by heat radiation consists of 18. Regulation of contractile thermogenesis occurs through the 19. Regulation of non-sacratic thermogenesis occurs through 20. A young healthy woman of 25 years of age with a dietary intake of 120 g of protein per day excreted 16 g of nitrogen in the urine at the same time. What assumption can be made about the woman's condition? 21. In artificial (medical) hypothermia, the body temperature is reduced to o 30 C. In this condition in the body. 22. Contractile thermogenesis is mainly related to 23. A man consumed 100 g of protein per day. At the same time he was in nitrogenous equilibrium. Then he switched to a diet with a daily protein content of 500 g. If nitrogen balance is determined in week 3 of this diet, how will his nitrogen excretion change? 24. The respiratory quotient (RQ) in humans is 1 for carbohydrates, 0.8 for proteins, and 0.7 for fats. Under what conditions can the RQ be less than 0.7? 25. Can the urine of a person who does not eat protein contain nitrogen? 26. It is not recommended to eat a lot of meat in hot weather. Why? 27. Is it safe to say that the more sweat the body produces, the better it cools itself? 28. If a hand is held in water of temperature 27o C., at the first moment when the hand is transferred to water of 25o C., it feels cold. What is the name of the observed phenomenon? 29. The main role in heat production is played by the 30. What causes a positive nitrogen balance? 31. What is chemical thermoregulation? 32. Standard conditions for determining basal metabolism: 33. The method of directly recording in biocalorimeters the amount of heat released by the body is called: 34. The process of dissimilation should be understood as: 35. When oxidizing which nutrient has the highest caloric equivalent of oxygen? 36. What amount of heat is lost by the body when 1ml of water evaporates from the surface of the skin? 37. Respiratory quotient is the ratio of: 38. Basic metabolism is: 39. Caloric coefficient is: 40. The amount of heat released when 1 liter of oxygen is consumed is called: 41. The highest centers of carbohydrate metabolism are located in: 42. The amount of heat released when 1 liter of oxygen is consumed is called: 43. The daily fat requirement of an adult on average is (in grams): 44. The effect of ingestion of food that increases metabolism and energy expenditure is called: 45. The value of basic metabolism per day (in kcal) in a person of average age and with average body weight: 46. There is a positive nitrogen balance in the human body: 47. A person will have a negative nitrogen balance: 48. The process of assimilation should be understood as: 49. Indicate the normal value of the caloric coefficient of carbohydrates (kcal): 50. The respiratory quotient for the oxidation of carbohydrates is equal to: 51. The digestibility of animal foods is equal to (in %): 52. The digestibility of plant foods is equal to (in %): 53. The unity of organism and environment is manifested in the continuous… 54. The energy expenditure of the organism under physiological resting conditions in the supine position, on an empty stomach, at a comfort temperature is... metabolic rate. Basal 55. The body's energy expenditure at rest can be determined by measuring the following O2 consumption 56. The energy expenditure for the performance of a muscular workload is  … metabolism Working or activity energy metabolism 57. The total (daily) energy expenditure of the organism consists of the following components Bmr +physical activity 58. Cannot be a component of basal metabolism Energy expenditure 59. The method of determining energy expenditure by the amount of heat generated in the body is called Direct calorimetry 60. Based on the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide released to the volume of oxygen absorbed, it is possible to determine the value of basic exchange by the method of Indirect calorimetry 61. Knowing the volume of absorbed oxygen, it is possible to determine the value of basal matabolism by the method of Indirect calorimetry 62. The ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide released to the volume of oxygen absorbed is called Respiratory quotient 63. Total metabolism after a protein meal SDA 64. Total metabolism after a carbohydrate meal SDA 65. Total metabolism after eating a fatty meal SDA 66. The daily carbohydrate requirement of a middle-aged person is as follows 300-400g or 50-60 % of total caloric intake 67. The daily protein requirement of a middle-aged person is as follows 70-100g 68. The daily fat requirement for a middle-aged person is as follows 70-100g 69. The predominant effect on carbohydrate metabolism is exerted by the hormone Insulin 70. The predominant effect on protein metabolism is exerted by the hormone Growth Hormone 71. Hormones which increase the breakdown of proteins in tissues Cortisol / Glucagon/ adrenaline/ Glucocorticods 72. Hormone which stimulates protein synthesis in tissues Growth hormone 73. Hormone which inhibits the release of fat from the depot Insulin 74. Fat-soluble vitamins include the following VITAMIN A VIT D VIT E VIT K (ADEK) 75. In the absence of essential amino acids in the food consumed, it is observed Negative nitrogen balance or protein synthesis is impaired 76. Water-soluble vitamins include. Vit B and C 77. The formation of complex organic compounds from simple ones with the expenditure of energy is called Anabolism 78. The breakdown of complex organic compounds to simple compounds with the release of energy is called Catabolism 79. The ratio of the amount of nitrogen taken into the body with food to the amount removed from the body is called Nitrogen balance 80. A condition in which there is an equality between the amount of nitrogen excreted and the amount of nitrogen taken into the body is called Nitrogen equilibrium 81. The condition in which the amount of nitrogen excreted is less than the amount of nitrogen taken in is called Positive nitrogen balance 82. The amount of protein in a food that fully meets the body's needs is called Biological value 83. The minimum amount of protein that helps maintain nitrogen balance in the body is called Protein minimum 84. The amount of heat released when 1 g of a food substance burns in a Bertleau bomb is called Gross caloric value 85. Physical caloric value is greater than physiological value for Proteins 86. The amount of heat released during the oxidation of 1 g of a food substance in the body is called Physiological caloric value 87. The effect of eating a meal that increases metabolism and energy expenditure is called SDA specific-dynamic action of food 88. When protein is burned in a calorimeter, the end products are Co2 ,/nitrogen ,/water 89. In the body, fats and carbohydrates are oxidized to end products Co2 and h2o 90. The interchangeability of individual nutrients in accordance with their calorific value is called the law of Law of isodynamics 91. The leading role in the regulation of energy metabolism belongs to Hypothalamus 92. The composition and amount of food needed by a person per day is called Daily diet 93. It is necessary to know the caloric value of foods, gender, age and occupation of the person when determining the Daily energy expenditure 94. The specific dynamic action of food is called Increasing energy expenditure after eating food 95. It is unacceptable to determine the intensity of basal metabolism Under on standard conditions like stress 97. The factor that contributes most to the increase in energy consumption during mental labor is the following Increase muscular tension 98. Hormones which increase energy metabolism most significantly Thyroid hormone 99. Which of hormone secretion may increase during the first few days of protein fasting Glucogon 100. What hormones are responsible for the increased growth and weight gain observed in accelerated children? Growth hormone Insulin like growth factor 101. What temperature of the environment is called the comfort zone 18-20*C 102. Heat generation in muscles during heavy muscular work increases by 400 times 103. Daily body temperature in humans varies within the range of 36.5-36.9 and 37.5-37.9 104. Heat stroke can occur at body temperature Above 40 degree cal 105. The greatest amount of heat is generated in Skeletal muscles 106. The most intense heat transfer is conducted by Evaporation 107. When the ambient temperature drops, the vessels of internal organs: Contract 108. When the ambient temperature rises, capillaries: Dilate 109. The lowest human body temperature is found in the skin area: Feet and foot 110. At what time observed the highest body temperature of a healthy person: After 16 - 18 hours of the day 111. At what time observed the lowest body temperature of a healthy person: 3-4 am 112. A useful adaptive outcome in the functional thermoregulatory system is: Homeostasis 113. Under the influence of thyroid hormone tiroxin, body temperature: Increses 114. The mechanisms of physical thermoregulation include: Shivering and sweating 115. Which animals are characterized by isothermia: Birds and mamals 116. The highest temperature in the body has Metabolically active like brain and liver 117. Heat loss in a person in the water is accomplished by Convenction and conduction 118. The heat generation center is located Hypothalamus 119. Constant body temperature is called Hemeothermy 120. Which animals do not have isothermia Poikilothermas 121. An increase in body temperature over 37°C is called Hyperthermia 122. Cooling the body down to 35°C is called Hypothermia 123.The greatest number of central thermoreceptors are located in Hypothalamus 124. The process of generating heat in the body is called Thermogenesis 125. Changes in the intensity of metabolism and cells of the body affect the process of Heat production or thermogenesis 126. The greatest proportion of heat is generated in the body Sketal muscles 127. The random involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles as a result of cold is 128. In cold conditions, heat generation in the muscles Shivering 129. Type of thermoregulation accompanied by the body's heat loss Negative thermoregulation 130. The heat loss of the body is accomplished by Radiation / Conduction 131. The transfer of heat by an organism to the environment by radiation is called Radiant heat loss 132. The release of heat by the body through contact with air or fluid currents is called Convection 133. The transfer of heat to an object when it comes in contact with a body surface is called Conduction 134. Heat transfer by evaporation at 100% relative humidity Decreases significantly 135. The most intensive heat transfer pathway at comfort temperature is Covection 136. How will the heat transfer from the skin surface change as the ambient temperature rises? Convection and radiation decreases evaporation increases 137. The mechanism of physical thermoregulation includes Shivering/sweating 138. How will change heat transfer by evaporation when air humidity increases Decreses 139. Hormones of endocrine glands which are predominantly involved in thermoregulation Thyroxine / adrenaline/ noradrenaline 140. There is a hormone involved in thermoregulation Throxine 141. How will change heat production under the influence of thyroxine and adrenaline hormones Increases 142. Peripheral vasoconstriction leads Heat conservation 143. How will change the amount of thyroxine and adrenaline in the blood, when the ambient temperature decreases Increases 144. The caloric equivalent of oxygen is the amount of Energy released when 1 litre of o2 is consumed 145. Basal metabolism is the intensity of energy expenditure … Specify dynamic action 146. In mass surveys, body temperature is usually measured at the Axilla arm pit 147. The normal value of basal metabolism in a person weighing 70 kg is equal to 1600-2000 kilo kcal 148. The daily dietary intake of an adult engaged in mental labor should include the following Proteins 70-80g Fats 70-90g 149. Basal metabolism is determined under the following conditions [ ]***** 150. The respiratory quotient for the combustion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates is equal to Fat0.7 Protein0.8 Carbs 1.0cal 151. With a three-meal regimen, the daily ration should be distributed as follows: Breakfast 30-34% lunch 40-45% Dinner 20-25% 152. The energy metabolism of a living organism (gross metabolism) is represented by Bmr + physical activity + thermogenesis 153. The initial criterion for assessing the level of metabolic processes is BMR 154. An indicator of the general condition and physiological activity of the organism is BMR 155. Work gain is the amount of energy that is expended Above BMR during work 156. Energy expenditure is minimal during life Sleep 157. Prolonged stay in the cold activates adaptive mechanisms that increase metabolic processes and heat production In particular, there is an increased release of Throxine adrenaline and noradrenaline 158. A middle-aged man, 168 cm tall and weighing 75 kg has the following basic metabolic rate 1987kilokcal per day 159. The thermoregulatory center is located in Hypothalamus 160. With the direct calorimetry method, the energy consumption is accurately determined per Minute 161. The respiratory coefficient is … Co2 released o2 absorbed 162. A middle-aged woman, height 168 cm and weight 68 kg has the following basic metabolism value 1825 kilokcal 163. The respiratory quotient reflects Types nutrient being metabolised 164. The caloric value of 1 g of protein is equal to 4.1kilokcal 165. Chemical heat production is enhanced at Low external temperature 166. The caloric value of 1 g of fats is equal to 9.1kilokcal 167. The method of direct calorimetry is based on the determination of Amount heat released during eating 168. The caloric value of nutrients is equal to CPF Carbohydrates 4 Protein 4 Fat 9 169. How will change heat loss and heat production when the ambient temperature drops Decrease and increase 170. The energy consumption of students per day is as follows Wat che wariya bod answer 171. How will change heat loss and heat production when the ambient temperature rises Increase decrease 172. The specific-dynamic action of food is… Increase metabolic rate after meal 173. The caloric value of 1 g of carbohydrates is equal to 4.1 174. The thirst center in the hypothalamus is excited by Increased blood osmolality and decreases blood volume 175. The methods of heat loss are all, EXCEPT Thermogenesis 176. The method of direct calorimetry is based on the law of Energy conservation 177. The method of indirect calorimetry is based on the law of O2 consumed co2 released 178. The mechanisms of heat production are all, EXCEPT Sweating 179. According to the WHO standard, the daily dietary fat intake of an adult engaged in mental labor should be as follows 70-90g 180. A more pronounced specific-dynamic effect on the body is exerted by which food Proteins 181. Heat production is Heat production through metabolism 182. According to the WHO standard, the daily protein intake of an adult engaged in mental labor should be as follows 70-80g 183. According to the WHO standard, the daily dietary intake of carbohydrates for an adult engaged in mental labor is as follows 300-400 184. Experimental surgical intervention on the brain has resulted in an animal now unable to maintain isothermia in a low temperature environment. Which area is affected by the surgical intervention? Hypothalamus 185. The amount of energy received through carbohydrate metabolism (%) 55%-65% 186. Which processes provide the body with most of its energy Oxidation of Carbohydrates Protein Fat 187. Standard conditions in the study of basal metabolism Spine position at rest 188. Метод непрямой калориметрии с неполным газовым анализом основан на учете Likhe man padhe khuda 189. What is the physical activity quotient for mental laborers? 1.4 190. By how many percent does basal metabolic rate (BMR) increase after eating a protein meal? 30% 191. By how many percent does the basal metabolic rate (BMR) increase after eating a carbohydrate and fat meal? 5-10% 192. The amount of energy received from breakdown of proteins (%) 10-15% 193. Main pathways of energy expenditure Bmr physical activity 194. The caloric equivalent of O2 is. 4.8kilo kcal per o2 comsumed 195. The hormone with the greatest effect on basal metabolism Throxine 196. What is the physical activity quotient in middle-aged laborers 1.6-1.7 197. The amount of energy received through fats metabolism (%) 25%-50% 198. The value of the respiratory quotient depends on 199. The direct calorimetry method takes into account 200. What is the physical activity quotient of light laborers? 201. From the point of view of thermodynamics, the "shell" of a body includes Skin and subcutaneous fat 202. Sources of temperature signaling in the thermoregulatory center Peripheral and central thermoreceptors 203. The most powerful and efficient heat transfer pathway at high ambient temperatures 204. Виды сократительного термогенеза 205. What is a positive nitrogen balance? 206. What is the specific-dynamic action of food 207. The metabolism is regulated by 208. What is meant by the term "negative nitrogen balance"? Notice:-18nv24/fnl. Bjcdk Chibijcdvijdvibefj ibef jbfe jief befjvbefjvje3hdcid2hceihfe8feifiefiehiehdwihswihdiebdjdiwdneidine Dneidniefjrojvrofme Irfjroftjkfld Dcuy3rv8uhwrgn jorijnvwdji Cr3jivgjhf,v Km , uhugjhl Ljk H Lll J J Gy