Media, Culture & Society + Journalism PDF

**Media, Culture and Society** - The Media - Media effects opinions - The media does not try to reflect the real world - The media is a business that has special responsibilities - Social media vs Legacy media Social media = fake news is an industry...eg; Instagram, TikTok Legacy Me...

**Media, Culture and Society** - The Media - Media effects opinions - The media does not try to reflect the real world - The media is a business that has special responsibilities - Social media vs Legacy media Social media = fake news is an industry...eg; Instagram, TikTok Legacy Media = fake news is prohibited...eg; Newspapers, Radio - The two-step flow model Shows how people gain opinions and how media messages are disseminated throughout society Step 1 Media to individual (opinion leader) Step 2 Opinion leader to the public - Media as a Global Village A metaphor by McLuhan suggesting how media has brought people together even through a physical distance. People from all over the world connect together through media, sharing experiences and accessing the same information. - Media Content Content we see on the media includes entertainment, advocacy, advertisement, news, opinion and more - What is ethical media? Ethical media promotes solidarity Ethical media promotes the right of information whilst protecting privacy Ethical media serves the common good not sectorial good Ethical media serves humans not the capital Ethical media guarantees media quality Ethical media includes reasoned decisions - New media New media has brought a lot of changes and developments such as: - Digitalisation - Increased interactivity - Mobility in sending and receiving - Network connectivity - Adaptation of publication and audience roles - What parts of society influence the media? Laws and education Religion and culture Economy Political System **The contents of the media always reflect those who finance them** - News on the media ought to be newsworthy Newsworthiness is constructed each day by professional journalists and news organisations. It is socially constructed what something is considered newsworthy - The Media effects opinions, but effects imply change Moreover an effect depends on media credibility, how wide media coverage is, the ability of the audience to be critical readers and the public opinion for or against a topic - Theories on effects The 2-step flow model- suggest that the opinion leader influences the rest of society The hypodermic model- suggest that media messages have a direct effect on the audience The Selective Exposure theory- suggests that we see what we want to see - Diffusion of innovations model Explains how, why and at what rate new innovations spread through cultures and societies. It explains how the adoption of new ideas or products spreads through social groups. - Innovators are well connected to networks outside the mainstream - Early adopters serve as opinion leaders - Early majority are more deliberate in decision making - Late majority tend to be sceptical and resistant to change - Laggards are highly resistant to change - The Diffusion process Knowledge Persuasion Decision implementation Confirmation **Journalism** - What is Journalism? Journalism is the practice of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information to the public. - It demands transparency - It reports objective truth - Includes fact-checking - Should be trustworthy - What is news? - New facts and events that impact our lives - The reporting of current events - Newsworthy- To be newsworthy means that a story, event, or piece of information is considered important, interesting, or significant enough to be reported on by journalists. - What is a Journalist? - A verifier- eliminates doubt - A sense-maker- provides context - A witness- through experience - An investigator- through skill, experience and patience - The T.R.U.T.H acronym T= Timely R= Relevance U= Unusual T= Tension/Trouble H= Human Interest - Fact-Checking The process of verifying accuracy and truthfulness of information before it goes out to the public - Trustworthy - Trustworthiness in journalism refers to the reliability, credibility, and integrity of the information - Crucial because the public relies on journalists to provide accurate, honest, and balanced reporting. - Without trustworthiness, journalism loses its role as a source of information and a pillar of democratic societies.