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Guidelines for Children’s both personal and professional Libraries Services levels. Adults with learning difficulties also Definition of Target Group often u...

Guidelines for Children’s both personal and professional Libraries Services levels. Adults with learning difficulties also Definition of Target Group often use children’s libraries, where Babies/Toddlers they find materials matching their Pre-school children own level of ability. Elementary/Primary school children Older children Information and Communication Young people with reading, learning Technology (ICT) and developmental difficulties Accessibility Parents and other adults working protect younger and more vulnerable with books/media and children members of the public; this is a Families matter of protecting their privacy. Information from the internet should Needs of Target Group aim to be comparable with any other Children's libraries promote the source of information. rights of the child, through different The role of the children’s librarian is activities designed for children and to educate and support their young adults. audience. Children's libraries should be the place where children meet and Services and Programs and Library communicate freely, where they Building develop their potential creatively and Children’s library must be easily where they learn, apply and expand recognizable and distinct from other their rights and responsibilities. parts of the library. Children's libraries can be an children should get an appropriate important factor in the development proportion of the whole library of democracy in a society. space. the furniture and design space Materials should suit their (from babies to activities and programmes for the adults) different needs. development of reading and writing Shelves should be low (max. height skills. 1.5 metres) Children of all ages should find the 'Social Furnishing’: support library an attractive place to visit. communication among Place for interacting with other children/library users. children. Accessibility of all facilities for Easy texts for early reading. disabled children (and pushchairs) is Children in the early stages of self-evident. school, from first to third grade, Entrance doors must be easy for enjoy with playing and learning. children to open. A library as a source of information The children’s library must be a safe for everything. place. Adults visit the children’s library on Staff must be alert to those in the  children’s area to ensure a safe reference and information environment for everyone. assistance. OPACs, Multimedia Workstations, attract volunteers and Internet workstations, and a variety sponsors from the local of software must be provided. community department should be equipped with IT facilities. Planning Consider legal aspects concerning annual budget children's access to the internet. Budget:percentage of children in the overall population. Co-operation with other institutions Different types of books and Informed the community about the resources will be required for programs and events in the children’s library babies/toddlers, pre-school children, by: elementary/primary school children Using bulletins and information (age 5-10), and older children (age boards. 11-14). Making and distributing posters, A popular children’s library will leaflets, booklists, bookmarks etc. probably lend more fiction than Supplying newspapers, radio, and information materials. TV with information about activities access to other budgets for items. and events. Computers must be budgeted for. Writing newsletters and special Money also needs to be allocated for articles and programs about guest speakers and performers. children’s reading. Using the internet. Standard budgets can often be Co-operative planning between supplemented with outside sources school libraries, schools library of funding such as: services and the children’s library Government grants Cultural organizations The children’s librarian should provide Publishers various special programmes for the benefit Sponsorship of schools such as: Successful budget proposal = Library visit prepare an annual report Library orientation programs Information literacy Desirable Characteristics for Staff & Reading promotion Education and Training Lending services 1. Personal skills Cultural programs 2. Professional awareness/knowledge Homework clubs 3. Management skills Author/storyteller visits Planning Services provide reference services Children's librarians should: and training for teachers and participate in public library school librarians: book talks, management meetings.  be directly involved in the Total number of activities for discussion of financial policy children and managing the budget. 3. Human resource indicators: participate in the selection of Ratio of full-time equivalent new staff for children‘s library (FTE) staff to population services. Ratio of full-time equivalent The goals and objectives of (FTE) staff to library use children's library services should be 4. Qualitative indicators: developed by children's librarians for User satisfaction surveys approval by the management team. Feedback - Plans must be in line with national complaints/comments/compli regulations and guidelines. ments Ensure awareness and support of 5. Cost indicators: children‘s services in the overall Unit costs goals and long-term plans. Staff costs Monitoring the needs of current and Total costs per capita, per potential users. member, per visitor, per develop goals for the department service point etc. along with measurable objectives. 6. Comparative indicators: Benchmark statistical data Evaluation of Services against other relevant and 1. Usage indicators: comparable library services, Total library visits per internationally, nationally and capita/visits to children's locally. library per capita Membership as a percentage of the population/child population Loans per capita / per child Total number of children attending activities Loans per item or per opening hour 2. Resource indicators: Total book stock per capita/children’s books per child Provision of terminals/personal computers per capita / per child Provision of online public access computers (OPACs) per capita /per child Introduction to Library Literature Functions Children and Young Adults and its Entertainment and Engagement Purpose and Function Cognitive Development Emotional and Social Development Children’s Literature Cultural and Historical vibrant and ever-evolving world of Understanding stories, poems, and illustrations Moral and Ethical Development designed to captivate young Inspiration and Motivation imaginations. serves as a gateway to literacy, Young Adult Literature fostering a love of reading and genre of fiction aimed at readers sparking a lifelong passion for between the ages of 12 and 18, stories. though its appeal often extends to Purpose: older readers. Fostering Literacy: plays a crucial fiction that deeply resonates with the role in developing reading skills, unique experiences and challenges comprehension, and a love for faced by adolescents. language. explore themes of identity, Expanding Horizons: introduces self-discovery, and the transition to young readers to new ideas, adulthood, providing readers with cultures, and perspectives, relatable narratives that mirror their broadening understanding of the own journeys. world. Purpose: Developing Imagination and Personal Growth: explores themes Creativity: Through engaging of self-discovery, guiding young characters, fantastical settings, and readers as they navigate their own imaginative plots, it sparks creativity identity, values, and sense of and encourages children to use their belonging. imaginations. Emotional Growth: provide young Promoting Emotional and Social readers with a safe environment to Development: Through relatable navigate complex feelings, including characters and engaging narratives, trauma, loss, and mental health children learn to navigate complex challenges. emotions, develop social skills, and Addresses Social Issues: exploring build empathy for others. significant social issues that affect Encouraging Critical Thinking: adolescents, such as race, gender, stimulate critical thinking skills by class, sexuality, and social justice. prompting children to question, Building Empathy and analyze, and interpret narratives. Understanding: encourages Building a Foundation for Lifelong empathy by presenting readers with Learning: engage with the world diverse characters and perspectives. around them, explore new ideas, Entertainment Purposes: serves as and continue to learn and grow a source of both entertainment and throughout their lives.  an escape from the pressures of ○ director of children's library daily life. services at The New York Public Library from 1906 to Functions: 1941 Analysis of Teenage Development ○ 1894- gave a paper outlining Enhancing Reading Proficiency and the idea of having children's Cognitive Skills sections staffed by librarians Fostering Connection who were dedicated to Representation serving younger readers. Educational Tool ○ 1913- children's books made up one-third of all loaned Historical Background of Library titles. Literature for Children and Young Adults The Function of Children's Literature- During this time, young Internationally people's literature kept growing, with an emphasis on amusing fiction 19th Century Beginnings Post-WWII Development Caroline Hewins Teen Literature Rise- the idea of ○ 1882- authored the first "young adult" literature began to children's bibliography, take shape. Books for the Young Margaret A. Edwards ○ 1888- wrote a history of ○ pioneered outreach children's literature for the programs for youth and Atlantic Monthly established a rigorous ○ established the Education training program specifically Club, which evolved into the for librarians starting to work Parent-Teacher Association, with teens. ○ 1900- Children's Section of ○ Recognized that teens the ALA needed programs that ○ November 22, 1904- One of differed from those the country's earliest customarily provided to older children's rooms, the Hartford and younger patrons in both Children's Library (appointed style and substance. Sarah S. Eddy as first ○ asked youngsters for children's librarian) recommendations and ideas Early 20th Century Growth rather than only ordering 1906- Children's Librarians Section books that reflected her own of the American Library Association tastes. (ALA) 1950s- began to produce expert Anne Carroll Moore- renowned for information about serving young having established policies for people children's services and for designing Horn Book Magazine- vital tool for children-only areas in libraries. educators and librarians looking for reviews and discussions of  high-caliber works of children's and 1889 young adult literature since 1924 May 1889- “Specimens of Tagalog 1957- Young Adult Services Division Folklore“ containing samples of (YASD) established by ALA. Young Tagalog proverbs,puzzles and Adults Library Services Association verses in both Tagalog and English (YALSA) was the new name given to was published in Trubner’s Oriental the division in 1992. Record, a London journal. Modern Era (Late 20th Century to July 1889- retelling of the folktale of Present) the Monkey and the Tortoise, with Diversity & Inclusiveness- broaden illustrations by Rizal, was published the range of literature that is in the same journal. available to youth. ○ We Need many Books- Initial ten years of the 21st century founded in 2014, advocated Baldwin Readers- taught Filipino for the inclusion of many students basics such as "A is for cultures, identities, and life Apple." experiences in children's and Insular Readers- replaced Baldwin young adult fiction. readers, featured Filipino characters Digital Shift- e-books, audiobooks, and settings but were used as a tool and internet databases are vital to instill American values in Filipino resources for libraries, opening up youth. literature to a global audience of kids and teens. 1930s Pepe and Pilar- successful attempt Philippines at “filipinizing” the content of beginning reading textbooks. 1866-1945 (The coming of the Spaniards) Camilo Osias- adapted stories from Reading was taught through a all over the world and collected them syllabary, the caton, which also in The Philippine Readers Series contained illustrated sentences, (1922-1934) with illustrations by prayers and catechism. Fernando Amorsolo. 1885-1890 (Rizal retold stories for May 25, 1925 children) Severino Reyes- published his first retold stories for children during his story for children in Liwayway time in Europe, where he was magazine under the pen name “Lola studying medicine and working on Basyang”. 400 stories written for the Noli Me Tangere. each issue of the magazine, many of October 1886- finished translating them retelling folktales or classics five fairy tales by Hans Christian from other parts of the world. Andersen into Tagalog. “Ang Mga Kuwento Ni Lola 1954- translated fairy tales were Basyang.” published From post-war years to the 1960s  Daigdig (Daigdig ng Himala) (1949) ○ Mandaya and Mansaka Tales by Juan C. Laya contained stories by Vilma May Fuentes adapted mostly from awit and korido, 1974 and retold in prose. The Philippine Appliance Once Upon A Time (1952) by Juan Corporation (Philacor) sponsored C. Laya and Emiliano C. Ramirez the publication of a book series (1952), called The Young People’s Library Tales of Long Ago in the Philippines 1976 (1953) by Maximo Ramos, Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio Philippine Tales and Fables (1957) ○ Anim na Dulang Pilipino Para by Manuel and Lyd Arguilla, Sa Mga Bata: drew Tales From the Mountain Province inspiration from traditional (1958) by I.V. Mallari Asian theater techniques. ○ Abadeja: Ang Ating 1960 Sinderela: full-length puppet Ceres Alabado play that established Teatro ○ The Little Lizard and Other Mulat Ng Pilipinas, a Stories. children's theater group. ○ Pamana- encouraged the 1977 writing of books for children Aklat Adarna book project with a yearly short story ○ The Nutrition Center of the contest. Philippines launched a ○ Asog (1969) and I See Red project to create children's In A Circle (1973). books as part of its mental ○ Kangkong 1896 (1969) nourishment program. ○ The Rattan Gatherer (1975) ○ Led by poet-critic Virgilio 1966 Almario Children's Literature Association of 1980s the Philippines, Inc. (CLAPI): provide Marked the start of recognition for access to literature pertaining to children's literature in the their own culture written by their Philippines. fellow citizens, 1983 1970s The Philippine Board on Books for New Day Publishers began a line of Young People (PBBY) was small affordable books for children established ○ My Friends and The Haunted ○ encourage the development Cave by T. M. Zuniega and distribution of books for ○ Tales of a Japanese children Grandmother by Jean The production of a Filipino version Edades and Yasuko of the popular American children’s Hashimoto television show Sesame Street, ○ Philippine Folk Fiction and called Calle Sesame. Tales by Teresita Veloso Pil Batibot ○ Replaced Calle Sesame 1989 1998 Palanca Foundation: introduced Philippine Board on Books for Young annual literary contest: the Short People (PBBY) together with the Story for Children, Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for 1990 Unesco (ACCU) sponsored a writing Filipino Folktale series workshop that specifically focused ○ Launched by Bookmark on writing for older children and ○ series with three titles by teenagers. Marla Yotoko Chorengel, The 2001 First Cashew Nut (ill. by Beth Pilar Perez Medallion for Young Parrocha), Why the Sky is Adult Literature High (ill. by Bernie Solina), ○ Adarna House, Inc. together and Bathala and the Gift of with the Filipinas Heritage Rice (ill. by Ibarra Library (FHL), Candy Crisostomo). Magazine, a magazine for ○ Developed to address the teenage girls, Powerbooks lack of Filipino children’s and National Book Store, books sponsored the literary ○ explored the realm of contest, narrative poetry for readers ○ 2001 contest winners were in their pre-adolescent and Jacobo's Ghost by Annette adolescent years with The Flores-Garcia, Mga Ako by Unicorn (1992) and Chun Amalia Salamat, and Sup? (1993) by Marivi Soliven. by Maria L.M. Fres-Felix. Cacho Publishing House Inc. began ○ 2002, Anina ng mga Alon by its children’s book line with a Eugene Evasco. cooperative effort with Batibot, 2012 1991 Summit Media broadened its Young Minds traditional publishing line of popular ○ first bookstore to offer only magazine glossies with its Pop children’s books and Fiction imprint. children’s educational ○ very popular section of materials, both local and candymag.com, "Teentalk." foreign "She's Dating the Gangster" by 1992 Bianca E. Bernardino was being Tahanan Books for Young Readers widely read and the book version ○ founded by the was published, husband-and-wife team of Reni Roxas and Marc Singer. GROUP 2- THEORIES AND KNOWN ○ publish quality trade books PEOPLE IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG for the Filipino family and ADULT DEVELOPMENT supplementary curriculum materials for Filipino schools Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and libraries. Founder of psychoanalysis  ○ Method through which an ○ states that children undergo analyst unpacks unconscious a sequence of stages where conflicts based on the free their attention moves from associations, dreams and certain bodily parts, referred fantasies of the patient. to as erogenous zones, to Psychoanalytic Theory other areas of their bodies ○ Refers to the concept of that provide them pleasure personality development and and satisfaction. the processes that support ○ Psychosexual Stages of and direct psychodynamic Development and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. ○ Theory of Personality Id (Instincts): part of the unconscious that contains all the urges and impulses, (psychotic psyche if id is in charge) Ego (Reality): rational part of the psyche Jean Piaget (1896-1980) that mediates first to make a systematic study of between the the acquisition of understanding in instinctual desires of children’s cognitive development. the id and the moral Theory of Cognitive Development. constraints of the ○ Sensori-motor (birth –2 superego (healthy years): child will see the psyche is ego is in world through senses and charge) motor activity. Superego (Morality): ○ Preoperational (~2-7): the moral component of child is better at speech the psyche, communication. Can imagine representing the future and reflect on the internalized societal past. Develops basic values and standards. numerical abilities. (neurotic psyche if ○ Concrete operational (~7-11): superego is in Abstract reasoning ability charge) and ability to generalize from Psychosexual Theory the concrete increases. ○ Describes how a child's early ○ Formal operations (~12-15): experiences might influence able to think about an adult's behavior and hypothetical situations. Can personality. form and test hypotheses.  Can organize information. Urie Bronfen-Benner (1917-2005) Can reason scientifically "Bioecological Theory" Erik Erikson (1902-1994) ○ emphasizing the role of Each stage of life is associated with biological and ecological a specific psychological struggle, a factors in human struggle that contributes to a major development. aspect of personality. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) Theory of Moral Development: TYPES OF LIBRARY READING focuses on moral reasoning MATERIALS FOR CHILDREN Classic body of written works and accompanying illustrations produced in order to entertain or instruct young people. Purpose and Use ○ Timeless Theme ○ Language Development ○ Moral Lessons Nursery Rhymes come from a number of different Lev Vygotski (1896-1934) sources, from traditional songs, He is the creator of "Socio-Cultural drinking songs, plays, historical Theory of Cognitive Development" events, riddles, proverbs, and more. Highlighting the role of social and Purpose and Use cultural factors in developing mental ○ Builds children vocabulary processes. ○ Listening skills More social in focus. Emphasized ○ Strengthens relationships in that cultural factors affect the early childhood cognitive development Fairy Tales Stressed the role in cognitive a story, often intended for children, development that features fanciful and wondrous characters such as elves, goblins,  wizards, and even, but not G3 - SELECTING BOOKS FOR necessarily, fairies. CHILDREN The term “fairy” tale seems to refer more to the fantastic and magical The Importance of Reading to Your setting or magical influences within a Children story, There are multiple other benefits that Purpose and Use reading can have on a child’s ○ Spark imagination and offer development, including: moral lessons ○ Aid in emotional resilience Supported cognitive development: ○ Expose children to different “the construction of thought cultures processes, including ○ Improve vocabulary remembering, problem solving, and Audio Books decision-making, from childhood allow kids to listen to stories rather through adolescence to adulthood” than read the text. - how a person perceives and Purpose and Use: thinks about his or her world. ○ Allow Children to Hear What Improved language skills: Fluent Reading Sounds Reading to your children in the ○ Accessibility earliest months stimulates the part of ○ Language Development the brain that allows them to Fables understand the meaning of Featuring anthropomorphised language. animals or objects used to teach Prepare for academic success: morals and life lessons. Early reading - allows children to Purpose and Use grow their vocabulary skills with ○ Moral Lessons exposure to new words and listening ○ Storytelling Skills skills. ○ Cultural Education Increased concentration and discipline: Contemporary Literature Introducing regular reading time into Reflects the concerns and issues your child’s schedule = increased that are relevant to contemporary discipline and concentration. society. Improved imagination and creativity: It explores themes such as identity, Reading aloud to your child helps race, gender, class, politics, and them use their imaginations to technology. explore people, places, times, and Examples: “Diary of a Wimpy Kid" by events beyond their own Jeff Kinney, "Wonder" by R.J. experiences. Palacio, "Good Night Stories for Cultivating a lifelong love of reading: Rebel Girls" by Elena Favilli and “Every time we read to a child, we’re Francesca Cavallo sending a ‘pleasure’ message to the child’s brain... You could even call it a commercial,  conditioning the child to associate Selection tools books and print with pleasure” - Jim Trelease Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) Book & Media Awards Selection Criteria Shelf dedicated to recognizing and THEME - The contents of a book for promoting excellence in children's children is very important. Themes literature. such as detailed violence, abuse, selects notable works that represent horror or gore are definitely a huge the best books, media, and digital ‘no’ and must not be included in a content for young readers, collection for children. VALUES - As with the Theme of a The Children's Literature Comprehensive book, it is important to note if a book Database is teaching the children good values Extensive resources designed to or not; these values are important in support librarians and educators in their upbringing. finding, managing, and selecting APPROPRIATENESS or high-quality books for children and RELATABILITY - Since children young adults, from PreK to young have younger mindsets than adults, adult. it is important to cater to their aims to streamline collection interests and experiences. development, enhance catalog INTEREST or APPEAL - A book that management, and provide crucial can hold children’s attention and can tools for addressing book render them engaged in the story is challenges. a good book to acquire for a children’s collection. NoveList K-8 Plus ILLUSTRATIONS - it is important to a database designed to support choose children’s books with good librarians specializing in readers' illustrations and colors. The more advisory services for children in engaging the illustrations, the better. kindergarten through 8th grade. LANGUAGE or READING LEVEL - it offers curated book is very important to check if a book recommendations, reading lists, and is understandable in their level. additional resources for educators RELEVANCE - it is always important and librarians. to check if a book’s contents are focus on personalized, relevant to its audience or not. human-curated recommendations. ACCURACY - it should be This ensures that users can find accurate to existing meanings and books that match not only reading descriptions of such characters. level and interests but also unique Likewise, if a book contains tastes and moods. characters or plots pertaining to different cultures and races, it should CENSORSHIP be accurate and without bias.  practice of suppressing, altering, or not ordered due to fear of restricting access to information, challenges. ideas, or expressions deemed objectionable, harmful, or sensitive Soft censorship by a governing authority, institution, ○ refers to when books are or group. purchased, but are placed in The rationale behind censorship can restricted areas, or are not vary widely, encompassing political, used in library displays or religious, moral, or security book talks due to fear of motivations. challenges occurring censorship invariably raises critical questions about the balance Pros and Cons of Censorship between societal norms and individual freedoms. Pros tool of control used by those in Protecting National Security: One power to maintain social order, of censorship’s primary advantages protect cultural values, or prevent is its ability to prevent disseminating dissent. sensitive information that may The practice of censorship is threaten national security or public contentious because it directly safety. conflicts with the principles of free Maintaining Social Order: speech and the right to information, regulating content that could incite which are fundamental to democratic unrest, violence, or disruptive societies. behavior within a community. It can shape public opinion, Protecting Children from Harmful influence political outcomes, and Content: Protecting minors from determine the boundaries of stumbling upon harmful content is acceptable discourse. crucial to nurturing a healthy mindset and shaping respectable values from Two basic categories of censorship a young age. Direct censorship ○ withholding information, Cons destroying information, Infringes on Freedom of Speech: altering or using selective One of the primary criticisms of information and censorship is its tendency to curtail self-censorship. individuals’ rights to express ○ Self-censorship usually opinions, challenge authority, and occurs in one of two ways. engage in open dialogue, thereby First, the purchaser allows impeding the democratic exchange their own personal biases to of ideas. dictate books chosen for the Limits Access to Information: can library. Second, restrict access to a broad spectrum "controversial" materials are of information, impeding individuals’ ability to make informed decisions,  engage in critical thinking, and 6. Aimed at readers between the ages participate fully in democratic of 12 and 18.This typically processes. addresses themes relevant to Can Be Used as a Tool for adolescence, including identity, Propaganda: manipulates relationships, self-discovery, and narratives, distorts truths, and emotional growth. Young Adult controls public perception, Literature influencing individuals’ beliefs and 7. One of the purposes of young adult attitudes through selective literature, it helps readers to explore information exposure. a wide range of intense emotions, such as joy, love, fear, and grief. Is Censorship Necessary? Emotional growth The general principles of good 8. A function of Young adult Literature censorship are security, protection, where educational institutions are and preserving moral values. integrating YA literature into their curricula due to its relevance to QUIZZES students' lives and its ability to spark meaningful conversations about GROUP 1: personal and societal issues. 9. Give only 1 purpose of children's 1. She was known as Hartford’s “First literature. Fostering Literacy, Lady of the Library” and one of the Expanding Horizons, Developing librarians who pioneered the Imagination and Creativity, Children’s Library Literature. Promoting Emotional and Social Caroline Hewins Development, Encouraging 2. In what year was the Children's Critical Thinking, Building a Librarians Section of the American Foundation for Lifelong Learning Library Association established to 10. It is a vibrant and ever-evolving recognize the value of providing world of stories, poems, and services to younger audiences? illustrations designed to captivate 1906 young imaginations. From classic 3. The production of a Filipino version fairy tales to contemporary graphic of the popular American children’s novels, it encompasses a vast array television show Sesame Street or of genres, themes, and styles that also known as? Calle Sesame reflect the changing landscape of 4. In what year was the marked the childhood and the world around us. start of recognition for children's Children's Literature literature in the Philippines? 1980s 5. Which of these are the functions of GROUP 2: children's literature? Moral and Ethical Development, Inspiration 1. Name 3 known people in CYA and Motivation, Entertainment development and Engagement, Cognitive Development  2. What are the 3 personality theories of Sigmund Freud? Id, Ego, Superego 3. Give 2 examples of any Nursery Rhymes 4. It is a literature that reflects the concerns and issues of relevant contemporary society. Contemporary Literature 5. Give 1 example of contemporary literature that is discussed GROUP 3: 1. Give only one of the importance of reading to children. Supported cognitive development, Improved literacy skills, Preparation for academic success, Increased Empathy in Readers, Improved imagination and creativity, and Enhanced Communication Skills 2 - 4. Give three selection criteria for children's books. Theme, Values, Appropriateness/Relatability, Interest/Appeal, Illustrations, Language/Reading Level, Relevance, Accuracy 5 - 7. Give three children's selection tools. ALSC Book & Media Awards Shelf, Children's Literature Comprehensive Database (CLCD), and NoveList K-8 Plus 8 -9. Give at least TWO (2) PROS of CENSORSHIP. Protecting National Security, Maintaining social order, Protecting Children from harmful content. 10. It is the practice of suppressing, altering, or restricting access to information, ideas, or expressions deemed objectionable, harmful, or sensitive by a governing authority, institution, or group. Censorship