Data Collection and Management PDF

Data Collection and Management ZION KREHL ASTRONOMO, LPT Mathematics Instructor MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Types of Data/ Levels of Measurement Levels of Measurement Nominal Level Ordinal Level | the data can be classified into | the data can be classified i...

Data Collection and Management ZION KREHL ASTRONOMO, LPT Mathematics Instructor MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Types of Data/ Levels of Measurement Levels of Measurement Nominal Level Ordinal Level | the data can be classified into | the data can be classified into mutually exclusive categories categories that are ranked in a within a variable but with no natural order, but nothing can meaningful order between be said about the intervals them Example: Example: - school grades - gender - educational attainment - eye color - socioeconomic status - place of birth - Likert-type questions (e.g., - marital status very dissatisfied to very - nationality satisfied) Levels of Measurement Interval Level Ratio Level | the data is measured on a | the same with interval level numerical scale where each but has a true zero* value is placed at an equal *A true zero means there is an absence of the variable of interest. In ratio scales, zero distance (interval) from one signifies an absolute lack of the variable. another, but there is no true zero point (absence of the Example: property being measured) - weight/height - age Example: - length/distance - test scores (getting zero in, let’s say, a - time interval Math exam does not mean zero knowledge of - temperature in Kelvin (in the Kelvin Math) temperature scale, there are no negative - personality inventories degrees of temperature – zero means an absolute lack of thermal energy) - temperature in Fahrenheit or Celsius Levels of Measurement Data Collection Methods Data Collection Methods Qualitative vs Quantitative Qualitative Quantitative RESEARCH SETTING | Controlled setting not | Controlled to the as important degree possible MEASURE- Qualitative Quantitative MENT | Non-standardized, | Standardized, narrative (words) numerical Data Collection Methods Survey Methods Surveys allow researchers to collect data about opinions, behaviors, experiences, and characteristics by asking people directly. Questionnaires Interviews More common in quantitative More common in qualitative research research May be distributed online, by Conducted by the researcher in phone, by mail, or in person person, by phone, or online Usually offer closed questions Usually allow participants to with limited options answer in their own words Consistent data can be collected Ideas can be explored in-depth from many people with a smaller group (e.g., focus group) Data Collection Methods Observation Methods | Observational studies allow researchers to collect data unobtrusively, observing characteristics, behaviors, or social interactions without relying on self-reporting. | Observations may be conducted in real-time, taking notes as the researcher observes, or making audiovisual recordings for later analysis. Quantitative Observation Qualitative Observation Systematically counting or Taking detailed notes and writing measuring rich descriptions Categories and criteria All relevant observations can be determined in advance recorded Data Collection Methods Field-Specific Methods Field Examples of data collection methods Media & Collecting a sample of texts (e.g., speeches, articles, communication or social media posts) for data on cultural norms and narratives Psychology Using technologies like neuroimaging, eye-tracking, or computer-based tasks to collect data on things like attention, emotional response, or reaction time Education Using tests or assignments to collect data on knowledge and skills Physical Using scientific instruments to collect data on things sciences like weight, blood pressure, or chemical composition Data Collection Methods Adopted Adapted Researcher-made An adopted research An adapted research A researcher-made instrument refers to a instrument refers to a instrument refers to a research instrument pre-existing research research instrument taken directly from a instrument that has that is created by the standardized source been modified to suit researcher to collect and used in its the specific needs of data for his/her study. original form without a study, involving making any changes or changes such as modifications. adding, removing, or altering items to better align with the research objectives. Ways of Presenting Data Three Ways of Presenting Data 1. Textual Presentation Data is presented in the form of text, either as a narrative or in a descriptive format. This method is useful for explaining data, providing context, and offering insights in a more detailed, written form. Use Case: - describing trends, insights, or patterns in detail - often used in reports, articles, and essays Three Ways of Presenting Data 2. Tabular Presentation This method uses tables to organize and display data in rows and columns. It is particularly effective when the focus is on presenting raw data that needs to be compared or analyzed. Use Case: - presenting detailed data that requires precise values for easy comparison across multiple categories Three Ways of Presenting Data 3. Graphical Presentation This approach uses visual elements like charts, graphs, or plots to represent data. Graphical presentations are designed to make data easier to understand at a glance, by emphasizing patterns, trends, and relationships. Use Case: - visualizing data trends or comparisons in a clear, visually appealing manner - often used for presentations or reports where quick insights are needed  THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR LISTENING AND PARTICIPATION! HOPE YOU LEARNED A LOT TODAY! photo | courtesy of illustAC