MANU 3410 Metrology Lecture 1 2025 PDF

MANU 3410 Metrology Lecture 1 Course overview, objectives, and schedule Chapter 1, 2 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 1 Course Overview Instructor Lee McClelland Office: SW09-205 Phone: 604-456-8032 Email: [email protected] Lab In...

MANU 3410 Metrology Lecture 1 Course overview, objectives, and schedule Chapter 1, 2 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 1 Course Overview Instructor Lee McClelland Office: SW09-205 Phone: 604-456-8032 Email: [email protected] Lab Instructor Brian Ennis Office: SW09-205 Phone: 604-451-6830 Email: [email protected] 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 2 Course Overview Course Outline https://www.bcit.ca/outlines/20251013092/ Lectures: Thursdays 9:30 to 10:20 SW09-107 Thursdays 12:30 to 13:20 SW09-107 Labs Tuesdays 8:30 to 12:20 SW09-107 Metrology Lab Room Appropriate PPE is mandatory for the machine shop 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 3 Course Overview Office Hours (see timetable, and by appointment) SW09 - 205 [email protected] Always use you @my.bcit.ca email account https://timetables.bcitsitecentre.ca/energy/instruct or/1137/5634 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 4 Course Overview 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 5 Course Overview Marking Breakdown Labs 35% Midterm 30% Final 35% 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 6 Course Overview Week Month Topic Jan Introduction Gage Blocks 1 8 Fundamentals of Measurement Gage Blocks Characteristics of Measuring Instruments Mar Review 2 9 Extra Units Midterm Exam Extra Units / GD&T Spring Break (No classes) 3 10 GD&T Spring Break (No classes) GD&T Midterm Review 4 11 GD&T Fixed gaging Feb GD&T 5 High amplification comparators Graduated Measurement Devices - Scales 12 Pneumatic gaging Graduated Measurement Devices - Vernier Apr Surface Roughness 6 Graduated Measurement Devices - 13 Micrometers Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) Graduated Measurement Devices - Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) 14 Micrometers cont. Review 7 15 Final Exam Graduated Measurement Devices - Dial Indicators 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 7 Course Overview Metrology lab topics: Gage Blocks Electronic Gaging Taper Measurement Layout Methods Thread Measurement Surface Measurement Optical Flats Shadowgraph Measurement Air Gaging CMM 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 8 Introduction to Metrology Outline for this week: Introduction History Fundamentals of Measurement Characteristics of Measuring Instruments Dynamic Measurement Measurement Systems 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 9 Introduction to Metrology What, who, when, where, why and how? Let’s answer: What is Metrology? Metrology (put simply): The science of measurement. What is Measurement? Measurement: A comparison of an unknown quantity to a known standard, using an accepted and consistent system of units. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 10 Introduction to Metrology What is Metrology not? Meteorology: The science of predicting weather patterns. Someone who practices Metrology is a Metrologist, not a Meteorologist. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 11 Introduction to Metrology What to measure? Seven fundamental quantities: Derived quantities: Length (meter) Area Mass (kilogram) Volume Time (second) Velocity and acceleration Electric current (ampere) Force Temperature (degree Kelvin) Pressure Light intensity (candela) Density Amount of matter (mole) and many more…. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 12 Introduction to Metrology Metrology (more specifically): The science of measuring mass, length and time. Dimensional Metrology or Mensuration (This course): Length, and the quantities derived from it, such as: Width Straightness Depth Flatness Diameter Roundness Angle Surface roughness 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 13 Introduction to Metrology What is the purpose of Metrology? Why? 1. To express design intent. Planning for future manufacturing and assembly. Ensure parts WILL fit and function. 2. Inspection and Quality Control. Ensure parts ARE or HAVE BEEN made to the specifications. If points 1. and 2. are correct, then the fit and function of the component is guaranteed. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 14 Introduction to Metrology Brainstorming activity: Who needs to use Metrology? Design Engineers Repair people Manufacturing Engineers CNC programmers Quality Control Engineers Fixture designers Inspection personnel Managers Machine setup people and Scientists and researchers operators Meteorologists! Tool and gage makers 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 15 Introduction to Metrology Some history: Standardization was needed for trade, fabrication, navigation, and science. Length: Egyptian Royal Cubit (about 3000 BC) Mass: Egyptian Jeweler’s Balance (2000 BC) Time: Greek Sun Dial (about 200 BC) 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 16 Introduction to Metrology The Industrial Revolution (1760s to 1840s) Transition from craftsman → to mass production. The need for interchangeable parts. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 17 Introduction to Metrology In 1801, Eli Whitney produced 10 guns with interchangeable parts and presented them to congress. Patented the “Cotton Gin” (Engine) in 1807. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 18 Introduction to Metrology Simeon North, milling machine (1815) 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 19 Introduction to Metrology Bicycle manufacturing (photo from 1897) 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 20 Introduction to Metrology Henry Ford and the assembly line (≈1908-1925) 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 21 Introduction to Metrology The Industrial Revolution (1760s to 1840s) The platinum standard for the meter and kilogram, were created and formed the basis of the metric system. (France, June 22, 1799) Good to know: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3eHHwcMVcA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSX6qXL4G20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URK9Z2G71j8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5V69ThkahgI 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 22 Introduction to Metrology International System of Units (French: Système International d‘Unités, or SI) Created by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) (French: Bureau international des poids et mesures) Drafted in 1948, published in 1960 Based on meter-kilogram-second system of units (MKS) 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 23 Introduction to Metrology 2019 redefinition of the SI base units https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_redefinition_of_the_SI_base_units 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 24 Introduction to Metrology 2019 redefinition of the SI base units https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_redefinition_of_the_SI_base_units 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 25 Fundamentals of Measurement Two Types of Measurement: Direct: Use of a calibrated measuring device to measure the dimension. E.g.: Scale, Digital Caliper, Height Gage. Comparison: Compare unknown dimension to a known standard. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 26 Fundamentals of Measurement Two Types of Measurement, cont’d: 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 27 Fundamentals of Measurement Two Types of Measurement, cont’d: Note: Both types actually require the use of comparison with a standard. Calibration of a device involves comparison. A “Standard” is a man-made (or defined by man) length that all other lengths are compared to. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 28 Fundamentals of Measurement No measurement is perfect. Errors always exist. For data to be useful we must recognize and quantify them. The questions are: Where is the error? What is the magnitude of the error? What is the source of the error? What effect will the error have? What can be done about it? 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 29 Fundamentals of Measurement Metrology, as defined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is: “The science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology" 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 30 Fundamentals of Measurement Two key terms that are critical to understanding metrology and analysis of errors: Precision: degree of fineness Accuracy: conformity with an accepted standard 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 31 Fundamentals of Measurement Millions of dollars are wasted annually because engineers, machine operators, machinists, supervisors or quality control people have different meaning for common terms like the accuracy and size. Examples? Outside of the metrology lab, terms accurate and precise were used interchangeably and often replaced with terms reliable and repeatable. Furthermore, measure, inspect, and gage meant the same thing! 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 32 Fundamentals of Measurement Measurement: from End to End Every measurement begins at a reference point and ends at a measured point. This creates a line of measurement that has direction and is usually reversible. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 33 Fundamentals of Measurement Gages vs. Measurement Instruments: Measuring instruments provide numerical information that is immediately readable. Gages are used primarily to check or inspect The user of the gage is concerned only with the reaction of the gage to the part feature being checked. Is it within specifications, or “in spec”? Right or wrong? Go or No-Go? Versatile measuring instruments are often used for gaging. Specialized gages are rarely used for measurement. 2025-01-09 Lee McClelland MANU 3410 Metrology 34