Male and Female Reproductive Organ PDF

General Embryology Reproductive System Dr. Yousif Osman Yousif Osman Anatomy Department 2  Male Reproductive System ▪ Is formed of: A. Internal genital organs B. External genital organs Epididymis Penis Vas deferens...

General Embryology Reproductive System Dr. Yousif Osman Yousif Osman Anatomy Department 2  Male Reproductive System ▪ Is formed of: A. Internal genital organs B. External genital organs Epididymis Penis Vas deferens Scrotum & Seminal vesicle Testis Ejaculatory duct Urethra 4  Testis ▪ Small, oval organ, housed in the scrotum ▪ Coverings: 1. Serous membrane called tunica vaginalis: Parietal layer Visceral layer. 2. Tough fibrous capsule called Tunica albuginea: Forms internal septa 250 lobules per testis –Each lobule has up to 4 seminiferous tubules Functions: form sperms and secrete androgens.  Testes ▪ Series of tubes: 1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Straight ducts 3. Rete testis 4. Efferent ductules 5. Epididymis 6. Ductus deferens 28-9  The testes Descent of the testes –Movement of testes through inguinal canal into scrotum –Occurs during fetal development The Descent of the Testes Epididymis Location: behind the testis. Formed of: – Head, body and tail. Coiled tube (6 m) long Function: store & nourishment the sperms & allow them to mature The tube emerges from the tail of the epididymis as the vas deferens Vas Deferens Also called Ductus Deferens Is a thick-walled tube, 45 cm long. Function: conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra  Urethra Transports semen from the ejaculatory duct to the outside of the body. Subdivided into: 1. Prostatic urethra that extends through the prostate gland 2. Membranous urethra that travels through the urogenital diaphragm 3. Penile urethra that ends through the penis Sperm leave the body through the urethra.  The Penis ▪ The penis is male copulatory organ. ▪ It is common outlet are urine and semen. ▪ It is composed of:- Root Body Glans penis 20 FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM 21  ovaries Fallopian tubes Internal genital organs Uterus Vagina 22  Ovary ▪ Female primary sex organ. ▪ Paired, almond-shaped ▪ Size: 3*2*1 cm ▪ Site: Usually lies in on the side wall of the pelvis in a depression called ovarian fossa. ▪ Formed of: Cortex- contains developing oogonia. Medulla- contains connective tissue & blood vessels. 23 24 Posterior View 25 26  Functions ▪ Production of ova. ▪ Syntheses and secretion of female sex hormones. 27 Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) ▪ Muscular tube (10 cm). ▪ Has two ends: Medially into cornu Laterally into peritoneal cavity ▪ Formed of four parts:- Infundibulum-Ampulla-Isthmus-Intramural. 28 Posterior View 29  Functions ▪ Receives the ovum from the ovary. ▪ Site for fertilization. ▪ Provides nourishment. ▪ Transport ova to the uterus. ▪ Conduit for spermatozoa to reach the ovum. ▪ Syntheses and secretion of female sex hormones. 30  Uterus ▪ Thick-walled muscular organ (8*5*3 cm). ▪ Hollow, pear-shaped, formed of:- 1. Fundus: the upper part. 2. Body: the middle large part. 3. Cervix: the lower part which projects into the vagina. 31 Fundus Body cervix Vagina 32 ▪ Cervix: Pierces the anterior wall of the vagina & is divided into: 1. Supravaginal part. 2. Vaginal part. Cervix Anterior wall of vagina 33  Normal Position of the Uterus ▪ Anteversion: long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina ▪ Anteflexion: long axis of the body of the uterus is bent forward at the level of the internal os with the long axis of the cervix. 34  A B A. Anteverted position of the uterus B. Anteverted and anteflexed position of the uterus 35 36 Frontal Section Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium 37  Functions ▪ Serve as a site for reception, retention, & nutrition of the fertilized ovum. 38  Vagina Muscular canal 10 cm long It is upper part lies in the pelvis It is lower part lies in the perineum The anterior wall is pierced by the cervix. 39 Midsagittal Section 40  Functions ▪ Female genital canal. ▪ Excretory duct for the menstrual flow. ▪ Forms part of the birth canal. 41 42 Gametogenesis (MEIOSIS )  Spermatogenesis Process of sperm formation in the seminefrous tubultes. Regulated by LH & FSH PGCs stay dormant from 4th week till puberty. Then it enter meiosis and produce sperm from puberty until death. 45  Oogenesis Oogenesis is the process of ovum production It occurs monthly in ovarian follicles Part of ovarian cycle Follicular phase (preovulatory) Luteal phase (postovulatory) THE END