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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the testes?
What is the primary function of the testes?
What structure allows mature sperm to leave the body?
What structure allows mature sperm to leave the body?
Which of the following is NOT a covering of the testis?
Which of the following is NOT a covering of the testis?
How many lobules are present in each testis?
How many lobules are present in each testis?
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What is the length of the vas deferens?
What is the length of the vas deferens?
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Which part of the urethra extends through the prostate gland?
Which part of the urethra extends through the prostate gland?
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
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What is the primary role of the epididymis?
What is the primary role of the epididymis?
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What is the primary function of the ovaries?
What is the primary function of the ovaries?
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Which part of the uterine tubes is responsible for receiving the ovum from the ovary?
Which part of the uterine tubes is responsible for receiving the ovum from the ovary?
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What correctly describes the cervix?
What correctly describes the cervix?
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The anteverted position of the uterus refers to which description?
The anteverted position of the uterus refers to which description?
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Which structure serves as the site for fertilization?
Which structure serves as the site for fertilization?
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What is the approximate size of the uterus?
What is the approximate size of the uterus?
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Which part of the uterus is located above the body?
Which part of the uterus is located above the body?
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What is the main function of the vagina?
What is the main function of the vagina?
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Study Notes
General Embryology
- This is a study of the development of an embryo
Reproductive System
- The Reproductive System is a complex system.
Male Reproductive System
-
Internal Genital Organs:
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Seminal Vesicles
- Ejaculatory Duct
- Urethra
-
External Genital Organs:
- Penis
- Scrotum
- Testes
Testis
- Small, oval organ, in the scrotum
-
Coverings:
- Tunica Vaginalis (serous membrane)
- Parietal layer
- Visceral layer
- Tunica Albuginea (tough fibrous capsule)
- Forms internal septa with 250 lobules per testis
- Each lobule has up to 4 seminiferous tubules
- Tunica Vaginalis (serous membrane)
-
Functions:
- Form sperms
- Secrete androgens
Series of tubes in the Testes
-
- Seminiferous tubules
-
- Straight ducts
-
- Rete testis
-
- Efferent ductules
-
- Epididymis
-
- Ductus Deferens
Descent of the Testes
- Movement of testes through inguinal canal into scrotum
- Occurs during fetal development
Epididymis
- Location: Behind the testis
- Formed of: Head, body, and tail
- Coiled tube: 6m long
- Function: Store & nourish sperm and allow them to mature. The tube emerges from the tail of the epididymis into the vas deferens.
Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
- Thick-walled tube, 45cm long
- Function: Conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and urethra.
Urethra
- Transports semen from the ejaculatory duct to the outside of the body
- Subdivided into:
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Penile urethra
Female Genital System
- Internal genital organs
- Ovaries
- Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
- Uterus
- Vagina
Ovary
- Female primary sex organ
- Paired, almond-shaped
- Size: 3 x 2 x 1 cm
- Site: Usually lies in ovarian fossa (depression) on side wall of pelvis
- Formed of: Cortex (developing oogonia) & Medulla (connective tissue & blood vessels)
Functions of Ovaries
- Produce ova
- Synthesize and secrete female sex hormones
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes)
- Muscular tube (10 cm)
- Has two ends:
- Medially into cornu
- Laterally into peritoneal cavity
- Formed of four parts:
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
- Intramural
Functions of Uterine Tubes
- Receives ovum from the ovary
- Site for fertilization
- Provides nourishment
- Transport ova to the uterus
- Conduit for spermatozoa to reach the ovum
- Synthesizes and secretes female sex hormones
Uterus
- Thick-walled muscular organ (8 x 5 x 3 cm)
- Hollow, pear-shaped
- Formed of:
- Fundus (upper part)
- Body (middle part)
- Cervix (lower part which projects into the vagina)
Cervix
- Pierces the anterior wall of the vagina
- Divided into:
- Supravaginal part
- Vaginal part
Normal Positions of the Uterus
- Anteversion: Long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina
- Anteflexion: Long axis of the body of the uterus is bent forward at the level of the internal os with the long axis of the cervix
Uterus (Frontal Section & Tissues)
-
Sections
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
Function of Uterus
- Serve as a site for reception, retention, and nutrition of the fertilized ovum
Vagina
- Muscular canal (10 cm)
- Upper part lies in the pelvis
- Lower part lies in the perineum
- Anterior wall is pierced by the cervix
- Functions (in summary): female genital canal, excretory duct for the menstrual flow, part of the birth canal
Gametogenesis (Meiosis)
- The process of producing gametes (ova and sperm) through a kind of cell division called meiosis.
Spermatogenesis
- Process of sperm formation within the seminiferous tubules of the testes
- Regulated by LH & FSH
- PGCs stay dormant from 4th week till puberty
- Then enter meiosis and produce sperm from puberty until death
Oogenesis
- The process of ovum production, occurring monthly in ovarian follicles.
- Parts of ovarian cycle:
- Follicular phase (preovulatory)
- Luteal phase (postovulatory)
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Description
This quiz covers the internal and external structures of the male reproductive system, focusing on the testis and its functions. You will explore various components such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and the process of testis descent. Understand the organization of seminiferous tubules and their role in sperm production.
