Introduction to Marine Vessels PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MARINE VESSELS F I S H 1 1 9 F I S H E R I E S E N G I N E E R I N G M O D U L E 3  LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Explain the general and detailed parts/directions of marine vessels 2. Classify the different types of mari...

INTRODUCTION TO MARINE VESSELS F I S H 1 1 9 F I S H E R I E S E N G I N E E R I N G M O D U L E 3  LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Explain the general and detailed parts/directions of marine vessels 2. Classify the different types of marine vessels and fishing vessels For F119 class use only  D I R E C T I O N S / PA R T S O F A S H I P 4 basic directions with respect to the waterplane section Source: https://aceboater.com/en/boating-terminology Source: https://officerofthewatch.com/2012/02/09/ships-geometry-and-hull-definition/ For F119 class use only  D I R E C T I O N S / PA R T S O F A S H I P 6 main directions in the transverse plane section Hull – main body of a ship including sides and bottom Gunwale – sides Keel – ship’s backbone; lowest part if the hull; provides strength and stability Beam – widest part of ship Freeboard – distance between gunwale and waterline Draft – distance between waterline and keel Source: https://aceboater.com/en/boating- terminology For F119 class use only  D I R E C T I O N S / PA R T S O F A S H I P **waterplane section amidships – in between the stern and bow, the central part of the ship in line with the keel athwartships – towards the sides of the ship forward – towards the direction of the bow aft – towards the direction of the stern. inboard – part of the ship attached inside outboard – part of the ship attached outside For F119 class use only  PA R T S O F A FISHING VESSEL For F119 class use only  PA R T S O F A FISHING VESSEL Rudder – located near the stern and produces lateral movement (left or right) when flipped to either starboard or port side. Propeller – transforms the rotation of a radiating blade into linear thrust (propulsion). Engine room – compartment for propulsion machinery Main engine – also known propulsion engines, their main function is to turn the ship’s propeller through the water Fuel tanks – store and supply fuel for the main engine Starboard bracket pole – used when fishing is done using nets and otter boards (e.g. trawl fishing gears) Source: https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php For F119 class use only ?topic=43154.0 PA R T S O F A F I S H I N G V E S S E L Net drum – used for deploying/hauling net fishing gears Funnel – similar function to a smoke stack, expels steam from boilers and smoke from engine exhaust Mess room/hall, dayroom – dining room Bridge – area of the ship which can be commanded, with navigational equipment and control panels for main engine, drum for nets and fish winch Cabin – area on which the crew sleeps Bulwark – a vertical extension from the ship’s deck to prevent equipment and crew from falling into the sea Scupper hole – drain water from the deck  PA R T S O F A F I S H I N G V E S S E L Deck – ship’s floor Hatch on fish tank – entrance/exit of fish caught Drop chute – a narrow tube that connects the hatch and fish tank Fish tank – fish storage, with an insulation layer about 20 cm all around Bilge keel – prevents the ship from rolling (roll axis) Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustration-of-ship-motion-showing-roll-pitch- and-yaw-the-three-rotational-degrees_fig1_311662283 For F119 class use only  PA R T S O F A F I S H I N G V E S S E L Bow thruster installation – propulsion system attached to the bow part of the vessel Name of the ship – with fishery (registration) number Fishing winch – mechanical device used to reel in or let out ropes, wires, and/or cables. Conveyor belt – transport caught fish in a horizontal direction Guide pulleys – supports movement and redirect tension of fishing lines For F119 class use only  PA R T S O F A F I S H I N G V E S S E L 30. Forecastle deck – upper deck of a ship located near the bow 31. Power block – mechanized pulley used to haul nets 33. Fishing derrick – similar function to a crane, erected in an angle less than 90° used for lifting fishing nets 34. Mast – supports the derrick and power block, located at the center and is erected at 90° 35. Radar antenna – device for navigation: detecting ships and landmasses. For F119 class use only  TYPES OF MARINE VESSELS Non-transport vessels: Transport vessels: fishing vessels, service cargo, container, and craft, supply vessels and passenger ships warships For F119 class use only  TYPES OF MARINE VESSELS For F119 class use only  HIGH SPEED CRAFTS have either military or civil applications and focused on boat hull configurations and propulsion systems. Source: https://improvesailing.com/guides/boat-hull-types For F119 class use only  C ATA M A R A N S modified to have double hulls. This lessens its surface area contact with the sea, resulting to less drag and more stable forward movement at high speeds. Source: https://www.leopardcatamarans.com/power-catamarans For F119 class use only  HYDROFOIL CRAFTS further reduce drag by lifting the hull clear of the water Learn more about hydrofoils here. Source: https://www.mby.com/gear/guide-to-foiling-technology-93079 Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/sonnykarny/hydrofoil/ For F119 class use only  S M A L L W AT E R P L A N E A R E A T W I N H U L L ( S W AT H ) Catamarans with differently shaped hull that include two submarine- shaped floating bodies that contributes to the vessel’s buoyancy. Source: http://www.solarnavigator.net/small_waterplane_area_twin_hulls.htm For F119 class use only  S W AT H SWATH tends to roll and pitch less than monohulls and catamarans (bottom figure) due to their smaller water surface https://www.abeking.com/en/swath-technology/ contact compared to others (top figure). video demonstration (SWATH) Source: http://stabilityyachts.com/swath.html For F119 class use only  HOVERCRAFTS Also called Air Cushion Vehicles (ACV); can travel through water, land, mud, and ice using centrifugal fans consistently blasting air downward with pressure slightly greater than 1 atm (atmospheric pressure) which creates lift. Ducted air propellers and rudders are used for lateral movement. For F119 classSource: usehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hovercraft only Source: https://www.funkidslive.com/learn/seans-ships/how-does-a-hovercraft-work/  MERCHANT SHIPS based on the nature of the cargo and can be classified being: general cargo ships container ships tankers dry bulk carriers passenger ships tugs ice breakers fishing vessels For F119 class use only  GENERAL CARGO SHIPS Category Bulk cargo Break bulk cargo Goods carried Goods that cannot be Goods that can be unitized counted/unitized e.g. iron ore, e.g. vehicles, steel bars, drums grain, coal, alumina, phosphate Maximum weight it can carry 10,000 – 400,000 DWT 2,000 – 40,000 DWT (deadweight tonnage, DWT) Does it carry cargo on deck? No Yes For F119 class use only  BREAK BULK VS. BULK GOODS Break Bulk Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/# Bulk For F119 class use only Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/#  BREAK BULK VS. BULK Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/# For F119 class use only  BREAK BULK AND BULK ACTUAL SHIPS Break Bulk Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/# Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/# Bulk For F119 class use only Source: https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/difference-between-bulk-and-break-bulk/#  C O N TA I N E R S H I P S integrated approach of goods transport. Goods placed to a container van Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/blue+container+truck (figure) can be transported by Source: http://www.topuniverse.com/containers-for-sale/ road, rail, or sea without ever opening it until it arrives the destination Source: https://www.moving.com/tips/how-to-transport-a-car-by-train/ Source: https://spectrum.ieee.org/transportation/marine/the- struggle-to-make-dieselguzzling-cargo-ships-greener For F119 class use only  C O N TA I N E R S H I P S V S B R E A K BULK CARGO SHIPS Source: The Maritime Engineer Reference Book For F119 class use only  ROLL-ON ROLL-OFF (RO-RO) SHIPS designed for wheeled cargos like trailers and private cars. Stern and bow doors are designed to rapidly load land vehicles. Source: https://www.tuklaserangmatipid.com/2015/09/the-cheapest-way-from-bacolod-to.html For F119 class use only  TA N K E R S specifically designed to transport liquids such as crude oil, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), liquified natural gas (LNG), and other toxic Source: https://clearseas.org/en/blog/double-hulls/ and flammable liquids. Spillage in these types of ships is devastating to the marine environment. modifications are made to ensure prevention of such spillage during transport. An example is the double hull modification. For F119 class use only  PA S S E N G E R S H I P S designed to maximize passenger capacity without compromising their safety. Some passenger ships have built-in RoRo facilities such as in Dumangas, Iloilo. Fast and safe evacuation have been given much thought, such examples are the location of life jackets and lifeboats. Passenger ships are either cruise ships or large ferries. For F119 class use only  PA S S E N G E R S H I P S Source: https://www.businessinsider.com/cruise-ship- workers-reveal-what-life-is-like-sea-2019-4 For F119 class use only  FERRIES Source: https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/WEESAM-EXPRESS-7-IMO-8666721-MMSI-0 Soure: https://www.phbus.com/oceanjet/ For F119 class use only  TUGS known as support vessels with their primary function to apply external force to the vessel (usually mega vessels) it is assisting through the tug’s propulsion system. Source: http://www.bollingershipyards.com/tugs For F119 class use only For F119 class use only  FISHING VESSELS evolved to suit local fishery. There are three fundamental ways of fishing which uses a fishing vessel: (1) by towing trawls or dredges. (2) by surrounding shoals using nets such as purse seines. (3) by passive fishing gears such as nets, pots and lines. For F119 class use only  TYPES OF FISHING VESSEL For F119 class use only  TYPES OF BOTTOM TRAWLERS From left to right: otter trawler, beam trawler, demersal seine trawl and scallop dredges. For F119 class use only  PURSE SEINERS Uses purse seines that surround small to large pelagic fish shoals such as tuna. For F119 class use only  LONGLINERS carry either pelagic or demersal longlines. Source: https://www.afma.gov.au/fisheries-management/methods-and-gear/longlining Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1-Fishing-phases-of-a-demersal- longline_fig1_331097042 For F119 class use only  GILLNETTERS either deploy or tow gillnets through set or drift gill netting, respectively. For F119 class use only Source: https://wildseafoodblog.wordpress.com/2015/11/26/commercial-fishing-methods-gillnets/  FISHING VESSELS Evolved into designs that complement sea conditions and fishing methods in the region Can be classified according to the fishing equipment/method used Examples: trawlers, seiners, dredgers, longliners, etc. Gross tonnage subdivides fishing vessels into classes (e.g. municipal, commercial) For F119 class use only  FISHING VESSELS Municipal fishing vessel Commercial fishing vessel Up to 3GT Operated outside municipal waters >3GT Operated in municipal waters Motorized wooden motorized or non-motorized For F119 class use only ccmorales  CO M M O N C L A S S I F I CAT I O N O F F I S H I N G VESSEL (AGUILAR 2004 AND 2006) For F119 class use only  C O M M O N PA R T S O F A F I S H I N G VESSEL For F119 class use only  COMMON FISHING VESSEL DESIGNS (PH) Typical Spoon Type Design Rake Stem – Rake Stern Design For F119 class use only  COMMON FISHING VESSEL DESIGNS (PH) Rake Stem - Spoon Plumb (Modified “Limasawa” Type) For F119 class use only  COMMON FISHING VESSEL DESIGNS (PH) Skiff Boat (Service Boat) For F119 class use only  REFERENCES Dokkum KV. 2008. Ship Knowledge: Ship Design, Construction and Operation. Dokmar Maritime Publishers. 4th ed. 384 pp. Available from: https://www.pdfdrive.com/ship- knowledge-ship-design-construction-and-operation-4th-edition-e169069181.html Molland AF. 2008. The Maritime Engineer Reference Book: A Guide to Ship Design, Construction and Operation. Butterworth-Heinemann publications. 907 pp. Available from: https://www.pdfdrive.com/the-maritime-engineering-reference-book-a-guide-to- ship-design-construction-and-operation-e157593458.html For F119 class use only