[M1-MAIN] Introduction to the Profession.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROFESSION  Understand the different knowledge areas in computing Describe career opportunities available in various segment of the computer industry. Understand the different jobs available in an IT department. Iden...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROFESSION  Understand the different knowledge areas in computing Describe career opportunities available in various segment of the computer industry. Understand the different jobs available in an IT department. Identify the benefits of computing-related certification for employers,  Identify the different areas in IT certification. Understand and be aware of different Emerging Technologies  Ranges from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas. Most computer science programs require some mathematical background. The work of computer scientists falls into three categories: a. designing and building software b. developing effective ways to solve computing problems, such as storing information in databases, sending data over networks or providing new approaches to security problems c. devising new and better ways of using computers and addressing particular challenges in areas such as robotics, computer vision, or digital forensics  concerned with the information that computer systems can provide to aid a company, non-profit or governmental organization in defining and achieving its goals. also concerned with the processes that an enterprise can implement and improve using information technology IS professionals must: a. understand both technical and organizational factors b. be able to help an organization determine how information and technology enabled business processes can provide a foundation for superior organizational performance  Information technology (IT) is a label that has two meanings. In common usage, the term “information technology” is often used to refer to all of computing. As a name of an undergraduate degree program, it refers to the preparation of students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations.  IT professionals possess the right combination of knowledge and practical, hands-on expertise to take care of both an organization’s information technology infrastructure and the people who use it. They assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization.  They integrate those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and install, customize and maintain those applications, thereby providing a secure and effective environment that supports the activities of the organization’s computer users. IT discipline require special skills such as: Understanding how networked systems are composed and structured, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. Important software systems concerns such as reliability, security, usability, and effectiveness and efficiency for their intended purpose What is the expected demand for computer professionals? Currently 10.5 million computer workers increase of 2 to 3% annually The number of students majoring in computer- related fields is declining What are the primary areas where job opportunities are found? General Computer Computer Computer business and equipment software service and government field field repair field organizations Computer IT consulting Computer education field sales and training field What is an information technology (IT) department? Department in business or government agency that employs people in computer- related jobs Responsible for keeping all computer operations and networks operating smoothly What jobs are available in an IT department? Chief Information E-commerce Project leader / Officer / VP of IT administrator manager Management Chief Security Officer Network administrator Application Software engineer Technical writer System programmer development Computer scientist Systems analyst Technical lead and programming Database analyst Systems programmer Web page author Computer forensics Quality assurance Desktop publisher specialist specialist Technical Computer technician Graphic designer / Security administrator services illustrator Database Network security Web administrator / administrator specialist Webmaster Data Operations Computer operator communications analyst Training Corporate trainer Help desk specialist What is the computer equipment field? Manufacturers and distributors of computers and computer-related hardware. Careers involve design, manufacture, and production of computer equipment  Project What is the Companies leader analyzes Programmer computer that develop, manufacture, requirements, designs solutions, writes and tests computer software and support and oversees software programs software development field? process Computer Software scientist engineer researches, invents, and designs develops and develops solutions to software complex software problems What is the computer service and repair field? Provides preventative maintenance, component installation, and repair services Computer technician—installs, maintains, and repairs hardware What are career opportunities in computer sales? Computer sales people need general understanding of computers and specific knowledge of the product they are selling What are career opportunities in education and training? Schools, colleges, universities, and private companies need educators and trainers. Corporate trainers teach employees how to use software, design and develop systems, and program What is an IT consultant? Individual who draws upon expertise in specialized area of computers Hardware and Computer System Communications software selection design configuration Network Web design and installation development What are the three broad disciplines in higher education that produce the majority of entry-level employees in the computer industry? What is computer information systems (CIS)? Programs that emphasize technical knowledge and skills Sometimes called management information systems (MIS) or management information technology What is computer science (CS)? Programs that stress theoretical side of programming and operating systems Also called software engineering. What is computer engineering (CE)? Teaches students how to design and develop the electrical components found in computers and peripheral devices. Required courses include application and systems programming, data and file structures, networks, and operating systems. How do companies advertise computer- related job openings? Some Web sites specialized in helping people find jobs. Some allow job seekers to submit resumes online What are some organizations for computer professionals? Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)—science- oriented Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)—programmers, systems analysts, and information processing managers What is a user group? Collection of people with common computer equipment or software interests What is professional growth and continuing education? Eventssuch as workshops, seminars, conferences, conventions, and trade shows ▪ CES—trade show that brings together hundreds of vendors and more than 130,000 attendees Training in form of books, video-based training, computer-based training (CBT), Web-based training (WBT), and instructor-led training How can you stay informed about the computer industry? Computer industry publications News, blogs, and technical Web sites What is certification? Process of verifying technical knowledge in a particular area. Proficiency is acknowledged with certificate.  Enhances employee’s career, provides better standing as industry professional, and higher salaries and bonuses  Vendors provide access to technical information, advanced training, and discounts on publications and tools How does certification benefit customers, employers, and industry? Customers receive better service from employees with certification(s) Employers benefit from more productive and knowledgeable workers Certification is a form of industry self-regulation Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP) defines standards designed to raise competence level for computer industry What are factors to consider in choosing a certification? What options are available to prepare for certification? Self-study Online training classes Instructor-led training Web resources What are examinations like? Taken using computers Some are multiple choice, others are skill based With computerized adaptive testing, the tests analyze a person’s responses while taking the test What are application software certifications? Focus on knowledge of Sometimes called application software end-user certifications Microsoft Microsoft Adobe Office Certified Certified Desktop Support Specialist Expert Technician (MOS) (MCDST) sponsored by sponsored by sponsored by Adobe Microsoft Microsoft Systems IBM Certified Macromedia Professional Certified for Lotus Professional Software sponsored by sponsored by Macromedia IBM What are operating system certifications? Focus on particular skills—user, Differing levels of operator, system administrator, and system engineer certification Microsoft Certified Red Hat Certified Linux Certified Systems Professional Engineer Administrator (CNP) (RHCE) (MCSA) sponsored sponsored sponsored by by Novell by Red Hat Red Hat Microsoft Certified Sun Certified IBM Technician System Certified (RHCT) Administrator Specialist sponsored sponsored by sponsored by Red Hat Sun by IBM What are programming certifications? Recognition of programming Broadens knowledge and skill training base Certified IBM Certified Microsoft Software Solution Certified Development Developer Professional Professional sponsored Developer (CSDP) by IBM (MCPD) sponsored by sponsored IEEE by Microsoft Computer Society Sun Certified Sun Certified Sun Certified Enterprise Developer Programmer Architect sponsored sponsored sponsored by Sun by Sun by Sun What are hardware certifications? Recognition of general knowledge of hardware and controlling Can be narrowly or software needed to set up, broadly focused maintain, and repair a computer A+ IBM NACSE sponsored by eServer Network Technician Computing Certified (NNT) Technology Specialist sponsored by Industry sponsored by National Association IBM Association of (CompTIA) Communication Systems Engineers (NACSE) What are networking certifications? Awarded to professionals who demonstrate expertise in planning, installing, managing, and troubleshooting a network Certified Novell Certified Novell Cisco Certified Administrator Engineer (CNE) Network (CNA) sponsored by Professional sponsored by Novell (CCNP) Novell sponsored by Cisco Network+ Sun Certified sponsored by Network Computing Administrator Technology Industry sponsored by Association Sun (CompTIA) What are computer forensics certifications? Discovery, collection, and Certificate holders are analysis of evidence found on considered highly credible computers and networks during computer crimes cases Certified Electronic Certified Forensic Certified Computer Evidence Collection Computer Examiner Specialist (CEECS) Examiner (CCE) sponsored by (CFCE) sponsored by International sponsored by International Association of International Society of Computer Association of Forensic Investigative Computer Computer Specialists (IACIS) Investigative Examiners (ISFCE) Specialists (IACIS) What are security certifications? Measure a candidate’s ability to identify and control security risks to computer resources Certified Systems Security Information Certified Security Practitioner Professional (SSCP) (CISSP) sponsored by sponsored by (ISC)2 (ISC)2 Security Certified Security Certified Network Network Architect Professional (SCNA) (SCNP) sponsored by The sponsored by The Security Certified Security Certified Program Program What are Internet certifications? Require technical expertise in Include Web management, Web networking hardware and programming, and Web configuration development certifications Certified Cisco Certified Internet Certified Web Professional Webmaster Internetwork (CWP) (CIW) Expert sponsored by sponsored by (CCIE) International Prosoft sponsored by Webmasters Training Cisco Association What are database system certifications? Awarded for knowledge Test the various tasks of a specific database a database management management system staff must perform IBM IBM Microsoft Certified Certified Certified IT Solutions Solutions Professional Expert–DB2 Expert–Informix (MCITP) sponsored sponsored by sponsored by IBM IBM by Microsoft Oracle Sybase Certified Certified Professional Professional (OCP) sponsored sponsored by Sybase by Oracle Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial Intelligence continues to be a trend to watch because its effects on how we live, work and play are only in the early stages. AI refers to computers systems built to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks such as recognition of images, speech or patterns and decision making. AI can do these tasks faster and more accurately than humans. Machine Learning Machine Learning is a subset of AI. Computers are programmed to learn to do something they are not programmed to do. They learn by discovering patterns and insights from data. Neural networks, natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning are some subsets of Machine Learning. Robotic Process Automation or RPA RPA is the use of software to automate business processes such as interpreting applications, processing transactions, dealing with data, and even replying to emails. RPA automates repetitive tasks that people used to do. These are not just the menial tasks of a low-paid worker: up to 45 percent of the activities we do can be automated, including the work of financial managers, doctors and CEOs. Blockchain Most people think of blockchain technology in relation to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Blockchain offers security that is useful in many other ways. In the simplest of terms, blockchain can be described as data you can only add to, not take away from or change. Blockchains are consensus-driven so no one entity can take control of the data. Edge Computing Cloud computing has become mainstream, with major players AWS (Amazon Web Services), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud dominating the market. Cloud computing is no longer the emerging technology. Edge is. Edge computing is designed to help solve some problems of cloud computing as a way to bypass the latency caused by cloud computing and getting data to a data center for processing. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Virtual Reality (VR) immerses the user in an environment. Augment Reality (AR) enhances their environment. Although VR has primarily been used for gaming thus far, it has also been used for training. Both have enormous potential in training, entertainment, education, marketing, and even rehabilitation after an injury. Cyber Security Cyber security might not seem like emerging technology but it is evolving just as other technologies are. Hackers will continue to find ways to get through even the toughest security measures. New technology is being adapted to enhance security. As long as we have hackers, we will have cyber security as an emerging technology because it will constantly evolve to defend against those hackers. Internet of Things Many “things” are now being built with WiFi connectivity, meaning they can be connected to the Internet—and to each other. IoT enables devices, home appliances, cars and much more to be connected to and exchange data over the Internet. The number of IoT devices reached 8.4 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach 30 billion devices after 3 years.  Docter, Q., Dulaney, E., & Skandier, T. (2016). CompTIA + Complete Study Guide (3rd Edition) Meyers, M. (2016). All In One CompTIA A+ Certification. Mc Graw Hill. Pearson. (2016). Introduction to Computers and Information Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Tavani, H. T. (2016). Ethics and Technology. Wiley. White, R. (2015). How Computer Work: The Evolution of Technology. IN: Que.