Lower Limb Muscles, Nerves, and Vessels PDF

Lower Limb: Muscles, Nerves & Vessels of the Leg Dr. Tina Chiarelli & Lindsey Groszer, MS University of Central Florida Updated 2024 Lower Limb Muscles - Movement Contraction of muscles pulls on bone and results in movement. The joints of the l...

Lower Limb: Muscles, Nerves & Vessels of the Leg Dr. Tina Chiarelli & Lindsey Groszer, MS University of Central Florida Updated 2024 Lower Limb Muscles - Movement Contraction of muscles pulls on bone and results in movement. The joints of the lower limb show the lower degree of movement than the arm, but here we find the largest and most complex joint in the body – the knee. Movements: Flexion – decreasing the angle of a joint Extension – increasing the angle of a joint Abduction – movement away from the midline Adduction – movement toward the midline In the lower limb, muscles performing flexion (flexors) are typically found on the posterior aspect. Muscles performing extension (extensors) are typically found on the anterior aspect. https://basicmedicalkey.com/lower-limb-2/  Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Superior Gemellus Obturator Internus Piriformis Inferior Gemellus Quadratus Femoris Gluteal  Gluteus Medius Superior Gemellus Piriformis Obturator Internus Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Inferior Gemellus Adductor Magnus Click Here to Explore the Deep Gluteal Mu scles in 3D Gluteal  Superior Gluteal Artery Inferior Gluteal Artery Sciatic Nerve Gluteal  Sartorius Gracilis Vastus Medialis Gastrocnemius (Medial Head) Calcaneal Tendon/ Achilles Tendon Lower Limb - Medial  Gluteus Maximus Vastus Lateralis Iliotibial Tract/ IT Band Peroneus/Fibularis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Lower Limb - Lateral  Tensor Fascia Sartorius Latte Iliotibial Tract/ Adductor IT Band Longus Vastus Rectus Medialis Femoris Click Here to Explore Vastus Lateralis Anterior Thigh Musc les in 3D Thigh - Anterior  Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor Brevis Deep Femoral a. Vastus Intermedius Vastus Lateralis Adductor Longus Vastus Medialis Thigh - Anterior  Sartorius Femoral N.A.V. Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Saphenous Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein Thigh - Anterior Gluteus Maximus Iliopsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Semitendinosus Gracilis Semimembranosus Sartorius Click Here to Explore Medial Thigh Muscle s in 3D Vastus Medialis Thigh - Medial  Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latte Biceps Femoris (Long Head) Iliotibial Tract/ IT Band Biceps Femoris (Short Head) Vastus Lateralis Thigh - Lateral  Anterior superior iliac spine Inguinal ligament Iliopsoas Tensor fasciae latae Femoral nerve Femoral artery Sartorius Femoral vein Iliotibial tract Adductor longus Great saphenous vein Rectus femoris Gracilis Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Superficial muscles of the left lower thigh, anterior view. Gluteus Maximus Adductor Magnus Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Long Head Click Here to Explore Posterior Thigh Mus cles in 3D Semimembranosus Thigh - Posterior  Sciatic Nerve Vastus Lateralis Common Peroneal/Fibular Biceps Femoris Nerve Short Head Tibial Nerve, Popliteal Artery, Popliteal Vein Thigh – Posterior  Common Peroneal/Fibular Nerve Tibial Nerve Biceps Femoris Short Head Genicular Arteries Thigh - Posterior  Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris, long head Gracilis Semitentinosus Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius Right upper thigh, posterior view. Tips from the Lab: Shortcut to Lower Leg Muscles Example: Ask yourself these questions: 1. Location – anterior or Flexor Hallucis Longus (posterior) (acts on big toe) (on the leg) posterior? Anterior  “Extensor” Posterior  “Flexor” 2. Target/Effector? Big Toe  “Hallucis” Other Toes  “Digitorum” 3. Location – on leg or foot? On Leg  “Longus” On Foot  “Brevis” *Peroneus Longus/Brevis do not follow the rules  Tibialis Anterior Tibia Extensor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Lower Leg - Anterior  Gastrocnemius (Lateral Head) Tibialis Anterior Soleus Peroneus/ Fibularis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus/ Fibularis Brevis Lower Leg - Lateral  Anterior Tibial Interosseous Artery Membrane Superficial Peroneal/Fibular Deep Nerve Peroneal/Fibular Nerve Lower Leg - Lateral  Common fibular nerve Tibial tuberosity Tibialis anterior Extensor Gastrocnemius digitorum Soleus Superficial fibular nerve Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Fibularis tertius Lateral malleolus lateral view Leg. Gastrocnemius Popliteus (Medial Head) Flexor Digitorum Soleus Longus Calcaneal Tendon Lower Leg - Medial Tibial Nerve & Posterior Tibial Artery Flexor Hallucis Longus Popliteus Flexor Digitorum Longus Lower Leg - Medial  Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius (Medial Head) (Lateral Head) Calcaneal Tendon Lower Leg - Posterior  Plantaris Soleus Tendon to Plantaris Lower Leg - Posterior Lower Leg - Posterior Tibialis Posterior Popliteus Peroneus/ Fibularis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Click Here to Explore Longus Deep Muscles of the Posterior Leg in 3D Flexors on Lower Leg Flexor hallucis longus muscle - closer to the Flexor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum digits Longus Longus Flexor digitorum longus muscle - closer to the big toe Tendons for these two muscles cross under the foot Tendon of flexor hallucis longus - goes over the tendon of flexor digitorum longus and toward the big toe Tendon of flexor digitorum longus - goes under the tendon of flexor hallucis longus and toward the digits Click Here to Explore the Flexor Tendons i n 3D Lateral Medial  “Tom” – Tibialis Posterior Tendon “Dick” – Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon “Harry” – Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon  Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Foot - Dorsum  Lumbricals Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digiti Flexor Digitorum Minimi Brevis Brevis Abductor Hallucis Abductor Digit Minimi Click Here to Explore the Muscles of the F oot in 3D Foot - Plantar  Innervations: Gluteal/Hip Gluteus Maximus Inferior Gluteal n. Gluteus Medius Superior Gluteal n. Gluteus Minimus Superior Gluteal n. Tensor Fascia Latae Superior Gluteal n. Piriformis Nerve to Piriformis Superior Gemellus Nerve to Obturator Internus Obturator Internus Nerve to Obturator Internus Inferior Gemellus Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Quadtratus Femoris Nerve to Quadratus Femoris *Note that in lecture Dr. Chiarelli may only require you to know some innervations as “branches of sciatic n. or lumbar plexus” Innervations: Medial and Anterior Thigh Pectineus Femoral and Obturator nn Adductor Brevis Obturator n. Adductor Longus Obturator n. Adductor Magnus Obturator n. Gracilis Obturator n. Iliopsoas Femoral n. Vastus Lateralis Femoral n. Vastus Intermedius Femoral n. Vastus Medialis Femoral n. Rectus Femoris Femoral n. Sartorius Femoral n. *Note that part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial nerve, but we will focus on its primary innervation – the obturator nerve. Innervations: Posterior Upper and Lower Leg Semitendinosus Tibial n. Semimembranosus Tibial n. Biceps Femoris Long Head Tibial n. Biceps Femoris Short Head Common Peroneal/Fibular n. Popliteus Tibial n. Plantaris Tibial n. Gastrocnemius Tibial n. Soleus Tibial n. Tibialis Posterior Tibial n. Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial n. Flexor Hallucis Longus Tibial n.  Innervations: Anterior and Lateral Lower Leg/Dorsum of Foot Tibialis Anterior Deep Peroneal/Fibular n. Extensor Hallucis Longus Deep Peroneal/Fibular n. Extensor Digitorum Longus Deep Peroneal/Fibular n. Superficial Peroneal/Fibular Peroneus/Fibularis Longus n. Superficial Peroneal/Fibular Peroneus/Fibularis Brevis n. Extensor Hallucis Brevis Deep Peroneal/Fibuar n. Extensor Digitorum Brevis Deep Peroneal/Fibular n.  Innervations: Plantar *Don't need to know Abductor Hallucis INNERVATIONS for lab Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Lumbricals Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Abductor Digit Minimi Click Here to Explore the Nerves of the Lo wer Limb in 3D Blood Supply of the Lower Limb Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery Anatomical Boundaries External iliac artery External Iliac  Femoral: Inguinal Ligament Femoral artery Femoral  Popliteal: Adductor Hiatus Adductor hiatus Popliteal artery Genicular artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis artery Plantar artery Tips form the Lab: Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb This flowchart will help differentiate between superficial and deep veins Only superficial veins are visible distal to the femoral vein on vessel guy You still need to know the deep vessels because they are drainage points for superficial vessels The chart also shows the direction of drainage for each vein  Vessels of Lower Limb L. Common Iliac Artery & Vein R. Common Iliac Artery & Vein L. External Iliac Artery & Vein R. Internal Iliac Artery & Vein L. Femoral Artery R. Great Saphenous Vein L. Deep Femoral Artery Click Here to Ex Click Here to Ex plore Veins of th plore Arteries of e Lower Limb in the Lower Limb i 3D n 3D  Vessels of Lower Limb L. Femoral Artery L. Popliteal Artery R. Great Saphenous Vein* L. Posterior Tibial Artery R. Small L. Anterior Tibial Saphenous Vein Artery L. Dorsalis Pedis Artery L. Plantar Artery * The great saphenous vein is the most commonly used vessel in a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Helpful Videos UCF Anatomy YouTube: Lower Limb Muscles, Lower Limb Vessels, Nerves and Vessels of the Leg Model UCF Human Anatomy UCF Anatomy Cadavers: Block 5 Cadavers Additional Videos Muscles of the Hip and Leg