Level 3 PDF - Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders

Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions) (Choose the best answer.) 1. Which of the following best describes psychopathology? a) The study of personality traits b) The study of crime and punishment c) The sci...

Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions) (Choose the best answer.) 1. Which of the following best describes psychopathology? a) The study of personality traits b) The study of crime and punishment c) The scientific study of mental disorders d) The study of human development 2. The biopsychosocial model explains mental disorders by integrating: a) Psychological, social, and spiritual factors b) Genetic, emotional, and cognitive factors c) Biological, psychological, and social influences d) Behavioral, cognitive, and medical models 3. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with depression? a) Dopamine b) Serotonin c) Acetylcholine d) GABA 4. The DSM-5 primarily classifies mental disorders using a: a) Dimensional approach b) Categorical approach c) Behavioral approach d) Psychoanalytic approach 5. What is comorbidity? a) The presence of two or more mental disorders in an individual b) The study of how mental disorders develop over time c) The categorization of mental disorders d) The ability to recover from psychological distress 6. Which type of research study tracks the same individuals over time? a) Cross-sectional b) Longitudinal c) Experimental d) Case study 7. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia? a) Hallucinations b) Delusions c) Compulsions d) Disorganized speech 8. What is a primary characteristic of bipolar disorder? a) Excessive fear of social situations b) Cycles of depressive and manic episodes c) Persistent low mood without fluctuation d) Impaired cognitive functioning 9. Which of the following is a key symptom of generalized anxiety disorder? a) Recurrent panic attacks b) Flashbacks to traumatic events c) Persistent and excessive worry d) Social withdrawal 10. A person who avoids social interactions due to fear of embarrassment may have: a) Schizoid personality disorder b) Social anxiety disorder c) Antisocial personality disorder d) Generalized anxiety disorder 11. What is the primary mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)? a) Exploring unconscious conflicts b) Challenging and restructuring maladaptive thoughts c) Prescribing medication for symptom relief d) Using hypnosis to access repressed memories 12. Which personality disorder is characterized by emotional instability and fear of abandonment? a) Antisocial personality disorder b) Borderline personality disorder c) Narcissistic personality disorder d) Schizoid personality disorder 13. Which term describes prolonged exposure to high stress without adequate support?  a) Resilience b) Toxic stress c) Adaptive coping d) Positive reinforcement 14. Which of the following is a protective childhood experience (PCE)? a) Exposure to violence b) Consistent and nurturing relationships c) Parental substance abuse d) Chronic neglect 15. What is the most evidence-based treatment for anxiety disorders? a) Psychoanalysis b) Electroconvulsive therapy c) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) d) Psychodynamic therapy 16. Which of the following is a common pharmacological treatment for major depressive disorder? a) Antipsychotics b) Mood stabilizers c) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) d) Stimulants 17. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with schizophrenia? a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Acetylcholine d) Endorphins 18. Which disorder is most highly heritable? a) Generalized anxiety disorder b) Schizophrenia c) Major depressive disorder d) Borderline personality disorder 19. Which symptom is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a) Hallucinations b) Disorganized thinking c) Social withdrawal  d) Delusions 20. Which model emphasizes the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental stressors? a) Cognitive model b) Psychodynamic model c) Diathesis-stress model d) Medical model 21. Which factor is considered a biological risk for schizophrenia? a) Negative childhood experiences b) Childhood attachment issues c) Dopamine dysregulation d) Low self-esteem 22. Which of the following is an example of an adverse childhood experience (ACE)? a) Strong social support from caregivers b) Parental divorce c) Engagement in extracurricular activities d) Access to quality education 23. The primary goal of trauma-informed care is to: a) Ignore trauma history to avoid re-triggering clients b) Recognize and respond to the impact of trauma on mental health c) Focus only on biological explanations of mental illness d) Use pharmacotherapy as the main treatment approach 24. Which brain structure is most associated with emotional regulation? a) Cerebellum b) Amygdala c) Hippocampus d) Prefrontal cortex 25. Which of the following is true about evidence-based practice in psychology? a) It ignores the client’s individual preferences b) It relies only on theoretical models c) It integrates clinical expertise, research, and patient values d) It is only applicable to severe mental disorders Section 2: True/False Questions (15 Questions) 26. T/F: The DSM-5 uses a strictly dimensional classification system. (False) 27. T/F: Comorbidity refers to the presence of multiple co-occurring mental disorders. (True) 28. T/F: PTSD symptoms must develop immediately after trauma. (False) 29. T/F: The biopsychosocial model considers only biological influences on mental disorders. (False) 30. T/F: Anxiety disorders are more common in women than in men. (True) 31. T/F: Early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of mental disorders in adulthood. (True) 32. T/F: Longitudinal studies examine changes over time. (True) 33. T/F: Cognitive distortions contribute to the development of depression. (True) 34. T/F: Pharmacotherapy is the only effective treatment for mood disorders. (False) 35. T/F: Schizophrenia is caused solely by environmental stressors. (False) 36. T/F: Social support can buffer against the negative effects of ACEs. (True) 37. T/F: Personality disorders cannot be treated with therapy. (False) 38. T/F: Research ethics require informed consent in all psychological studies. (True) 39. T/F: The stigma around mental health prevents many people from seeking treatment. (True) 40. T/F: The DSM-5 includes cultural considerations in mental health diagnoses. (True) Answer keys Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions) 1. (c) The scientific study of mental disorders Explanation: Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders, including symptoms, causes, and treatments. 2. (c) Biological, psychological, and social influences Explanation: The biopsychosocial model considers biological (e.g., genetics), psychological (e.g., cognition), and social (e.g., culture) factors in mental illness. 3. (b) Serotonin Explanation: Low levels of serotonin are linked to depression and anxiety disorders. 4. (b) Categorical approach Explanation: DSM-5 classifies mental disorders into distinct categories rather than viewing them along a spectrum. 5. (a) The presence of two or more mental disorders in an individual Explanation: Comorbidity occurs when multiple disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety) coexist in the same person. 6. (b) Longitudinal Explanation: Longitudinal studies track individuals over time, making them useful for studying mental disorder progression. 7. (c) Compulsions Explanation: Compulsions (e.g., repetitive hand-washing) are a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), not schizophrenia. 8. (b) Cycles of depressive and manic episodes Explanation: Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania (high energy, impulsivity) and depression (low mood, fatigue). 9. (c) Persistent and excessive worry Explanation: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is marked by chronic worry about multiple areas of life. 10. (b) Social anxiety disorder  Explanation: Social anxiety disorder involves fear of being judged or embarrassed in social settings. 11. (b) Challenging and restructuring maladaptive thoughts Explanation: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people reframe negative thinking patterns. 12. (b) Borderline personality disorder Explanation: BPD is characterized by emotional instability, impulsivity, and fear of abandonment. 13. (b) Toxic stress Explanation: Toxic stress results from prolonged adversity (e.g., abuse, neglect) without adequate support. 14. (b) Consistent and nurturing relationships Explanation: Positive, stable relationships help children develop resilience against trauma. 15. (c) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Explanation: CBT is the most effective treatment for anxiety disorders, targeting irrational fears and avoidance behaviors. 16. (c) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Explanation: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) increase serotonin levels and are first-line treatments for depression. 17. (b) Dopamine Explanation: Overactivity of dopamine is associated with schizophrenia and its psychotic symptoms. 18. (b) Schizophrenia Explanation: Schizophrenia has a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates around 80%. 19. (c) Social withdrawal Explanation: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include avolition (lack of motivation) and social withdrawal. 20. (c) Diathesis-stress model Explanation: This model suggests that mental illness results from genetic vulnerability (diathesis) combined with environmental stressors. 21. (c) Dopamine dysregulation Explanation: Excess dopamine activity is a key factor in schizophrenia development. 22. (b) Parental divorce Explanation: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include trauma like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. 23. (b) Recognize and respond to the impact of trauma on mental health Explanation: Trauma-informed care ensures that professionals consider past trauma in treatment planning. 24. (b) Amygdala Explanation: The amygdala regulates fear and emotional responses, playing a role in anxiety and PTSD. 25. (c) It integrates clinical expertise, research, and patient values Explanation: Evidence-based practice combines scientific research, therapist expertise, and patient preferences. 26. (b) Biological, psychological, and environmental Explanation: The biopsychosocial model integrates multiple factors that contribute to mental health disorders. 27. (a) Early-life adversity can alter brain development Explanation: ACEs can lead to long-term changes in brain structure, affecting memory, emotions, and behavior. 28. (c) Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking Explanation: These are positive symptoms of schizophrenia, meaning they add experiences to reality. 29. (d) Dopamine dysregulation Explanation: Schizophrenia is strongly linked to dopamine system dysfunction. 30. (b) Trauma and environmental stressors Explanation: PTSD results from exposure to trauma and is worsened by lack of social support. 31. (a) Positive childhood experiences can build resilience Explanation: Protective childhood experiences (PCEs) help buffer the effects of ACEs.  32. (c) Recognizing and respecting cultural factors in mental health care Explanation: Cultural competence ensures equitable, inclusive, and effective treatment. 33. (b) Interpersonal difficulties and social withdrawal Explanation: Many personality disorders impact relationships and self- perception. 34. (d) Strong emotional support systems Explanation: Having supportive relationships reduces stress and promotes mental well-being. 35. (a) Difficulty with attention and impulse control Explanation: ADHD involves inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often diagnosed in childhood. Section 2: True/False Questions (15 Questions) 36. False – DSM-5 uses a categorical system, though it incorporates some dimensional aspects. 37. True – Comorbidity means having two or more mental disorders simultaneously. 38. False – PTSD symptoms may emerge months or years after trauma. 39. False – The biopsychosocial model considers biological, psychological, and social influences. 40. True – Women are more likely to develop anxiety disorders, while men have higher rates of substance use disorders. 41. True – ACEs increase the risk of mental illness, substance abuse, and chronic diseases. 42. True – Longitudinal studies track changes over time, offering insights into mental health development. 43. True – Cognitive distortions (e.g., catastrophizing) contribute to depression and anxiety. 44. False – Medication can help, but CBT and other therapies are also effective for mood disorders. 45. False – Schizophrenia results from genetic and environmental interactions, not just stress. 46. True – Social support can reduce the impact of adversity and trauma. 47. False – Personality disorders can be treated with therapy, especially DBT for borderline personality disorder. 48. True – Ethical guidelines require informed consent in research involving human participants. 49. True – Stigma prevents many people from seeking mental health treatment due to shame and discrimination. 50. True – DSM-5 includes cultural considerations to improve mental health assessments across different populations.