Level 4 Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders PDF

Level 4 **Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders** **Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions)** *(Choose the best answer. Some questions have multiple correct choices!)* **Conceptual & Application-Based Questions** 1. Which of the following **must be present** to...

Level 4 **Midterm Quiz: Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders** **Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions)** *(Choose the best answer. Some questions have multiple correct choices!)* **Conceptual & Application-Based Questions** 1. Which of the following **must be present** to diagnose a mental disorder?\ a) The individual must report distress about their symptoms\ b) There must be significant impairment in daily functioning\ c) Symptoms must last at least 6 months\ d) The disorder must have a biological cause 2. **A professor argues that mental illness is purely caused by brain chemistry. Which model does this contradict?**\ a) Diathesis-stress model\ b) Biopsychosocial model\ c) Medical model\ d) Psychoanalytic model 3. **Which disorder is most commonly misdiagnosed as ADHD in children?**\ a) Autism spectrum disorder\ b) Generalized anxiety disorder\ c) Oppositional defiant disorder\ d) Schizophrenia 4. **Which of these statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?**\ a) It always involves both positive and negative symptoms\ b) A person must experience hallucinations to be diagnosed\ c) It has strong genetic and environmental influences\ d) It can only be diagnosed after age 18 5. **Which of the following is an example of a protective childhood experience (PCE)?**\ a) Experiencing parental divorce\ b) Having a strong mentor outside the family\ c) Attending multiple schools due to unstable housing\ d) Having a caregiver with untreated depression **Tricky, Professor-Style Wording & Answer Choices** 6. **Comorbidity refers to:**\ a) Two or more mental disorders occurring together\ b) The worsening of symptoms over time\ c) The overlap between medical and mental health diagnoses\ d) A temporary state of distress caused by trauma 7. **Why might someone with PTSD NOT develop symptoms until months or years after trauma?**\ a) PTSD always has delayed onset\ b) Initial coping mechanisms can suppress symptoms temporarily\ c) The brain completely heals from trauma, but symptoms return later\ d) PTSD only develops if the trauma is consciously remembered 8. **Which disorder was previously classified as an anxiety disorder but now has its own category?**\ a) Panic disorder\ b) Social anxiety disorder\ c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)\ d) Generalized anxiety disorder 9. **Which of the following statements about bipolar disorder is FALSE?**\ a) Bipolar I requires at least one full manic episode\ b) Hypomania in Bipolar II lasts longer than mania in Bipolar I\ c) Bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed as depression\ d) Treatment often involves mood stabilizers like lithium 10. **A patient has been experiencing depression for 3 years but never had a manic episode. What's the likely diagnosis?**\ a) Persistent depressive disorder\ b) Bipolar II disorder\ c) Major depressive disorder\ d) Cyclothymic disorder **Ethics, Culture, & Research-Based Questions** 11. **Why is cultural competence important in diagnosing mental illness?**\ a) Some disorders only exist in certain cultures\ b) Symptoms of mental disorders may present differently in different cultures\ c) Without cultural competence, clinicians must diagnose based on stereotypes\ d) It ensures that medications are prescribed in culturally appropriate doses 12. **Which of these is NOT an ethical guideline for psychological research?**\ a) Informed consent must be obtained\ b) Participants must always be fully informed about the study's purpose\ c) Participants must be allowed to withdraw at any time\ d) Researchers must minimize harm and deception 13. **Which of the following is a KEY weakness of cross-sectional studies in mental health research?**\ a) They cannot establish cause and effect\ b) They are too expensive to conduct\ c) They take many years to complete\ d) They cannot measure variables at a single point in time **Medication & Treatment-Based Questions** 14. **Which of the following is the primary mechanism of SSRIs?**\ a) They increase dopamine levels in the brain\ b) They block reuptake of serotonin, increasing its availability\ c) They reduce the effects of norepinephrine\ d) They prevent the release of GABA 15. **Which of the following is TRUE about antipsychotic medications?**\ a) First-generation antipsychotics mainly treat negative symptoms\ b) Second-generation antipsychotics can have fewer motor side effects\ c) They can cure schizophrenia if taken regularly\ d) They increase the production of serotonin **Section 2: True/False Questions (15 Questions)** *(Mark T for True, F for False. Be careful---some of these are worded to trick you!)* 16. **T/F:** The DSM-5 completely removed all personality disorder diagnoses. **(False)** 17. **T/F:** Schizoaffective disorder requires a mood disorder component in addition to psychotic symptoms. **(True)** 18. **T/F:** Major depressive disorder can only be diagnosed if symptoms last at least 6 months. **(False)** 19. **T/F:** Antisocial personality disorder requires evidence of conduct disorder before age 15. **(True)** 20. **T/F:** Exposure to childhood trauma guarantees the development of a mental disorder later in life. **(False)** 21. **T/F:** Neurotransmitter imbalances are the sole cause of schizophrenia. **(False)** 22. **T/F:** PTSD can result from both direct and indirect exposure to trauma. **(True)** 23. **T/F:** Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for both depression and anxiety. **(True)** 24. **T/F:** Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in men than in women. **(False)** 25. **T/F:** Longitudinal studies are useful for understanding how mental disorders develop over time. **(True)** 26. **T/F:** The placebo effect has no impact on mental health treatments. **(False)** 27. **T/F:** Protective childhood experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the effects of trauma. **(True)** 28. **T/F:** The \"double jeopardy\" effect means that individuals with more ACEs have a greater risk of mental health problems. **(True)** 29. **T/F:** The ICD-10 and DSM-5 classification systems are completely identical. **(False)** 30. **T/F:** Suicide risk assessment is an important part of treating mood disorders. **(True)** Answer keys **Midterm Quiz: Answer Key & Explanations** **Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions (35 Questions)** 1. **(b) There must be significant impairment in daily functioning**\ *Explanation:* A mental disorder must cause **significant distress or impairment** in social, occupational, or personal areas. Distress alone is not always required (e.g., antisocial personality disorder). 2. **(b) Biopsychosocial model**\ *Explanation:* The **biopsychosocial model** integrates biological, psychological, and social influences, whereas the **medical model** focuses purely on biological causes. 3. **(c) Oppositional defiant disorder**\ *Explanation:* **ODD** can present as impulsivity and defiance, which are sometimes mistaken for ADHD. However, ADHD involves **persistent inattention and hyperactivity** across multiple settings. 4. **(c) It has strong genetic and environmental influences**\ *Explanation:* Schizophrenia has a **genetic component** but also involves environmental risk factors like **prenatal exposure to viruses and early-life stress**. 5. **(b) Having a strong mentor outside the family**\ *Explanation:* Protective childhood experiences (PCEs) include **positive relationships, stable caregiving, and supportive environments**, which **buffer against adversity**. 6. **(a) Two or more mental disorders occurring together**\ *Explanation:* **Comorbidity** is common in mental health; for example, **depression and anxiety** frequently co-occur. 7. **(b) Initial coping mechanisms can suppress symptoms temporarily**\ *Explanation:* PTSD symptoms may be **delayed** if the person initially copes well, but later **life stressors** or **triggers** can bring symptoms to the surface. 8. **(c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)**\ *Explanation:* OCD was classified under **anxiety disorders** in earlier DSM versions but now has its **own category** due to its unique features (e.g., compulsions). 9. **(b) Hypomania in Bipolar II lasts longer than mania in Bipolar I**\ *Explanation:* **Mania lasts at least 1 week** (Bipolar I), while **hypomania lasts at least 4 days** (Bipolar II), but **mania tends to be more severe**. 10. **(a) Persistent depressive disorder**\ *Explanation:* **Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)** is chronic **low-level depression lasting at least 2 years**. Unlike major depressive disorder (MDD), it does not require discrete episodes. 11. **(b) Symptoms of mental disorders may present differently in different cultures**\ *Explanation:* Some symptoms **manifest differently across cultures** (e.g., depression may present as **somatic complaints** rather than sadness in some cultures). 12. **(b) Participants must always be fully informed about the study's purpose**\ *Explanation:* Researchers **can** withhold **some** details (e.g., in placebo-controlled trials), but participants must still give **informed consent** and be debriefed later. 13. **(a) They cannot establish cause and effect**\ *Explanation:* Cross-sectional studies **only provide a snapshot of data** at one time point, making it impossible to determine causality. 14. **(b) They block reuptake of serotonin, increasing its availability**\ *Explanation:* SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) **increase serotonin levels** by preventing its reabsorption in the brain. 15. **(b) Second-generation antipsychotics can have fewer motor side effects**\ *Explanation:* First-generation antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) cause **extrapyramidal symptoms**, while second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone) have fewer of these effects. **Section 2: True/False Questions (15 Questions)** 16. **False** -- DSM-5 still includes personality disorders, though it **introduced a dimensional model** in Section III. 17. **True** -- Schizoaffective disorder requires **both mood disorder symptoms and psychotic symptoms** for at least 2 weeks outside of mood episodes. 18. **False** -- **Major depressive disorder** requires **symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks**, not 6 months. 19. **True** -- To be diagnosed with **antisocial personality disorder**, the individual must have a history of **conduct disorder before age 15**. 20. **False** -- Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD. **Protective factors, genetics, and resilience** play a role. 21. **False** -- **Schizophrenia is multifactorial**, involving both **genetic predisposition** and **environmental triggers** (e.g., stress, drug use). 22. **True** -- PTSD can result from **direct trauma** (e.g., experiencing assault) or **indirect trauma** (e.g., witnessing violence). 23. **True** -- CBT is **highly effective** for both depression and anxiety, targeting **negative thought patterns and avoidance behaviors**. 24. **False** -- **Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is more common in women**, while **OCD and schizophrenia have a more balanced gender distribution**. 25. **True** -- Longitudinal studies **track individuals over time**, making them useful for studying **mental health progression and risk factors**. 26. **False** -- The placebo effect **can be powerful** in mental health treatment, influencing **medication trials and therapy outcomes**. 27. **True** -- Protective childhood experiences (PCEs) help **build resilience** and reduce the impact of **adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)**. 28. **True** -- The \"double jeopardy\" effect means **more ACEs increase the risk of long-term mental health problems**. 29. **False** -- **The ICD-10 and DSM-5** classification systems have **differences**, though they overlap in many areas. 30. **True** -- Suicide risk assessment is **critical** for individuals with **mood disorders**, as **depression and bipolar disorder** increase suicide risk.