Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes psychopathology?
Which of the following best describes psychopathology?
- The study of personality traits
- The scientific study of mental disorders (correct)
- The study of crime and punishment
- The study of human development
The biopsychosocial model explains mental disorders by integrating:
The biopsychosocial model explains mental disorders by integrating:
- Behavioral, cognitive, and medical models
- Biological, psychological, and social influences (correct)
- Genetic, emotional, and cognitive factors
- Psychological, social, and spiritual factors
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with depression?
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with depression?
- Acetylcholine
- GABA
- Serotonin (correct)
- Dopamine
The DSM-5 primarily classifies mental disorders using a:
The DSM-5 primarily classifies mental disorders using a:
What is comorbidity?
What is comorbidity?
Which type of research study tracks the same individuals over time?
Which type of research study tracks the same individuals over time?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?
What is a primary characteristic of bipolar disorder?
What is a primary characteristic of bipolar disorder?
Flashcards
Psychopathology
Psychopathology
The scientific study of mental disorders, including symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Biopsychosocial model
Biopsychosocial model
A model that explains mental disorders through biological, psychological, and social influences.
Serotonin and depression
Serotonin and depression
Low levels of serotonin are linked to depression and anxiety disorders.
Categorical approach
Categorical approach
The DSM-5 uses a categorical approach to classify mental disorders into distinct categories.
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Comorbidity
Comorbidity
The presence of two or more mental disorders occurring in an individual.
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Longitudinal study
Longitudinal study
Research that tracks the same individuals over time to examine changes.
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Compulsions
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder but not schizophrenia.
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Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder
Characterized by cycles of depressive and manic episodes.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
A disorder marked by persistent and excessive worry about multiple areas of life.
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Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
A mental health disorder where fear of judgment leads to avoidance of social situations.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Therapy focusing on challenging and restructuring maladaptive thoughts.
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Borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Characterized by emotional instability and fear of abandonment.
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Toxic stress
Toxic stress
Prolonged exposure to high stress without adequate support.
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Protective childhood experiences (PCE)
Protective childhood experiences (PCE)
Positive experiences in childhood that help build resilience against trauma.
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Evidence-based treatment for anxiety
Evidence-based treatment for anxiety
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for anxiety disorders.
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SSRIs
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly used to treat major depressive disorder.
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Dopamine and schizophrenia
Dopamine and schizophrenia
Overactivity of dopamine is associated with schizophrenia and its symptoms.
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Heritability of schizophrenia
Heritability of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a strong genetic component.
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Symptoms such as social withdrawal and avolition that reduce emotional capacity.
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Diathesis-stress model
Diathesis-stress model
A model explaining mental illness as a result of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors.
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Dopamine dysregulation
Dopamine dysregulation
A biological risk factor in schizophrenia, linked to excess dopamine activity.
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Adverse childhood experience (ACE)
Adverse childhood experience (ACE)
Traumatic events in childhood that increase risk for mental health issues later.
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Trauma-informed care
Trauma-informed care
An approach that recognizes and responds to the impact of trauma on mental health.
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Amygdala
Amygdala
A brain structure primarily associated with emotional regulation and fear responses.
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Evidence-based practice in psychology
Evidence-based practice in psychology
An approach that combines clinical expertise, research, and patient values for treatment.
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Cultural considerations in DSM-5
Cultural considerations in DSM-5
The DSM-5 includes cultural factors in mental health diagnosis to enhance equity.
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Cognitive distortions
Cognitive distortions
Negative thinking patterns that can contribute to anxiety and depression.
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Social support and ACEs
Social support and ACEs
Having strong social support can mitigate the effects of adverse childhood experiences.
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Psychopathology and Mental Health Disorders
- Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, including symptoms, causes, and treatments.
- Biopsychosocial model considers biological (genetics), psychological (cognition), and social (culture) factors in mental illness.
- Serotonin is linked to depression and anxiety.
- DSM-5 uses a categorical approach to classify mental disorders.
- Comorbidity is the presence of two or more mental disorders in one person.
- Longitudinal studies track individuals over time to study mental health progression.
- Compulsions (repetitive behaviors) are a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not schizophrenia.
- Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycles of depressive and manic episodes.
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) involves persistent, excessive worry.
- Social anxiety disorder is characterized by fear of social judgment.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for anxiety disorders, targeting irrational fears and avoidance behaviors.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a key treatment for depression.
- Schizophrenia is strongly linked to dopamine system dysfunction.
- Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include avolition (lack of motivation) and social withdrawal.
- Diathesis-stress model suggests mental illness results from genetic vulnerability (diathesis) combined with environmental stressors.
- Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse or neglect, increase the risk of future mental health problems.
- Cultural considerations are essential in mental health assessments.
- Trauma-informed care recognizes and responds to the impact of trauma on an individual's mental health.
- Personality disorders can be treated, especially borderline personality disorder with DBT.
- Stigma prevents many from seeking mental health treatment due to shame and discrimination.
- Social support can reduce the impact of adversity and trauma.
True/False Questions
- The DSM-5 uses a dimensional, not strictly dimensional, classification system. (False)
- Comorbidity refers to the presence of multiple co-occurring mental disorders. (True)
- PTSD symptoms must develop immediately after trauma. (False)
- The biopsychosocial model considers only biological influences on mental disorders. (False)
- Anxiety disorders are more common in women than men. (True)
- Early adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of mental disorders in adulthood. (True)
- Longitudinal studies examine changes over time. (True)
- Cognitive distortions contribute to the development of depression. (True)
- Pharmacotherapy is the only effective treatment for mood disorders. (False)
- Schizophrenia is caused solely by environmental stressors. (False)
- Social support can lessen the impact of adverse childhood experiences. (True)
- Personality disorders cannot be treated with therapy. (False)
- Research ethics require informed consent in all psychological studies. (True)
- The stigma surrounding mental health prevents many from seeking treatment. (True)
- DSM-5 includes considerations of culture in mental health diagnoses. (True)
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